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Verma S, Meghwanshi GK, Kumar R. Current perspectives for microbial lipases from extremophiles and metagenomics. Biochimie 2021; 182:23-36. [PMID: 33421499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are most broadly used biocatalysts for environmental and industrial applications. Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of long acyl chain esters and have a characteristic folding pattern of α/β hydrolase with highly conserved catalytic triad (Serine, Aspartic/Glutamic acid and Histidine). Mesophilic lipases (optimal activity in neutral pH range, mesophilic temperature range, atmospheric pressure, normal salinity, non-radio-resistant, and instability in organic solvents) have been in use for many industrial biotransformation reactions. However, lipases from extremophiles can be used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, less byproducts or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. The extremophile lipase perform activity at extremes of temperature, pH, salinity, and pressure which can be screened from metagenome and de novo lipase design using computational approaches. Despite structural similarity, they exhibit great diversity at the sequence level. This diversity is broader when lipases from the bacterial, archaeal, plant, and animal domains/kingdoms are compared. Furthermore, a great diversity of novel lipases exists and can be discovered from the analysis of the dark matter - the unexplored nucleotide/metagenomic databases. This review is an update on extremophilic microbial lipases, their diversity, structure, and classification. An overview on novel lipases which have been detected through analysis of the genomic dark matter (metagenome) has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, 334004, India
| | | | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden.
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Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 80:91-138. [PMID: 26700108 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00037-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. Microbial surface association also contributes to deleterious effects such as biofouling, biocorrosion, and the persistence and transmission of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms and their genetic determinants. The processes and mechanisms of colonization as well as key players among the surface-associated microbiota have been studied for several decades. Accumulating evidence indicates that specific cell-surface, cell-cell, and interpopulation interactions shape the composition, structure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functions of surface-associated microbial communities. Several key microbial processes and mechanisms, including (i) surface, population, and community sensing and signaling, (ii) intraspecies and interspecies communication and interaction, and (iii) the regulatory balance between cooperation and competition, have been identified as critical for the microbial surface association lifestyle. In this review, recent progress in the study of marine microbial surface colonization and biofilm development is synthesized and discussed. Major gaps in our knowledge remain. We pose questions for targeted investigation of surface-specific community-level microbial features, answers to which would advance our understanding of surface-associated microbial community ecology and the biogeochemical functions of these communities at levels from molecular mechanistic details through systems biological integration.
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Wang X, Sultana CM, Trueblood J, Hill TJ, Malfatti F, Lee C, Laskina O, Moore K, Beall CM, McCluskey CS, Cornwell GC, Zhou Y, Cox J, Pendergraft MA, Santander MV, Bertram TH, Cappa CD, Azam F, DeMott P, Grassian VH, Prather KA. Microbial Control of Sea Spray Aerosol Composition: A Tale of Two Blooms. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:124-31. [PMID: 27162962 PMCID: PMC4827658 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the oceans covering 71% of the Earth, sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles profoundly impact climate through their ability to scatter solar radiation and serve as seeds for cloud formation. The climate properties can change when sea salt particles become mixed with insoluble organic material formed in ocean regions with phytoplankton blooms. Currently, the extent to which SSA chemical composition and climate properties are altered by biological processes in the ocean is uncertain. To better understand the factors controlling SSA composition, we carried out a mesocosm study in an isolated ocean-atmosphere facility containing 3,400 gallons of natural seawater. Over the course of the study, two successive phytoplankton blooms resulted in SSA with vastly different composition and properties. During the first bloom, aliphatic-rich organics were enhanced in submicron SSA and tracked the abundance of phytoplankton as indicated by chlorophyll-a concentrations. In contrast, the second bloom showed no enhancement of organic species in submicron particles. A concurrent increase in ice nucleating SSA particles was also observed only during the first bloom. Analysis of the temporal variability in the concentration of aliphatic-rich organic species, using a kinetic model, suggests that the observed enhancement in SSA organic content is set by a delicate balance between the rate of phytoplankton primary production of labile lipids and enzymatic induced degradation. This study establishes a mechanistic framework indicating that biological processes in the ocean and SSA chemical composition are coupled not simply by ocean chlorophyll-a concentrations, but are modulated by microbial degradation processes. This work provides unique insight into the biological, chemical, and physical processes that control SSA chemical composition, that when properly accounted for may explain the observed differences in SSA composition between field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Camille M. Sultana
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan Trueblood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Thomas
C. J. Hill
- Department
of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Francesca Malfatti
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- National
Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Christopher Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Olga Laskina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kathryn
A. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Charlotte M. Beall
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christina S. McCluskey
- Department
of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gavin C. Cornwell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory
of the MOE for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Joshua
L. Cox
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Matthew A. Pendergraft
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mitchell V. Santander
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Timothy H. Bertram
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christopher D. Cappa
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Farooq Azam
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul
J. DeMott
- Department
of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: 1- 858-822-5312
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