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Mohammadi I, Mahdavi AH, Rabiee F, Nasr Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Positive effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the PGC1-α expression under the inflammatory conditions induced by TNF-α in the C2C12 cell line. Gene 2020; 735:144394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Qin N, Bayat AR, Trevisi E, Minuti A, Kairenius P, Viitala S, Mutikainen M, Leskinen H, Elo K, Kokkonen T, Vilkki J. Dietary supplement of conjugated linoleic acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids suppressed the mobilization of body fat reserves in dairy cows at early lactation through different pathways. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7954-7970. [PMID: 29960784 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the metabolic changes in the adipose tissue (AT) of dairy cows under milk fat depression (MFD), 30 cows were randomly allocated to a control diet, a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-supplemented diet, or a high-starch diet supplemented with a mixture of sunflower and fish oil (2:1; as HSO diet) from 1 to 112 d in milk. Performance of animals, milk yield, milk composition, energy balance, and blood metabolites were measured during lactation. Quantitative PCR analyses were conducted on the AT samples collected at wk 3 and 15 of lactation. The CLA and HSO diets considerably depressed milk fat yield and milk fat content at both wk 3 and 15 in the absence of significant changes in milk protein and lactose contents. In addition, the HSO diet lowered milk yield at wk 15 and decreased dry matter intake of cows from wk 3 to 15. Compared with the control, both CLA and HSO groups showed reduced body weight loss, improved energy balance, and decreased plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate at early lactation. The gene expression analyses reflected suppressed lipolysis in AT of the CLA and HSO groups compared with the control at wk 3, as suggested by the downregulation of hormone-sensitive lipase and fatty acid binding protein 4 and the upregulation of perilipin 2. In addition, the HSO diet promoted lipogenesis in AT at wk 15 through the upregulation of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, perilipin 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. The CLA diet likely regulated insulin sensitivity in AT as it upregulated the transcription of various genes involved in insulin signaling, inflammatory responses, and ceramide metabolism, including protein kinase B2, nuclear factor κ B1, toll-like receptor 4, caveolin 1, serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1, and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1. In contrast, the HSO diet resulted in little or no change in the pathways relevant to insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the CLA and HSO diets induced a shift in energy partitioning toward AT instead of mammary gland during lactation through the regulation of different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Qin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali-Reza Bayat
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Piia Kairenius
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Sirja Viitala
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Mervi Mutikainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Heidi Leskinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kari Elo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Kokkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Vilkki
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
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Tremblay BL, Rudkowska I. Nutrigenomic point of view on effects and mechanisms of action of ruminant trans fatty acids on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:214-223. [PMID: 28340087 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from observational studies suggests beneficial effects of ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) on insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, beneficial effects of rTFA are not always observed in cell, animal, and human studies. This narrative review presents potential mechanisms of action of rTFA using nutrigenomics and microRNA results in an integrative model. In addition, the review presents factors, including measures of IR and T2D, dose and duration of studies, as well as health status, ethnicity, and genotypes of subjects, that may help explain the heterogeneity in response to rTFA supplementation. Future studies should consider these factors, as well as research in nutritional genomics, to better understand the effects of rTFA on IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte L Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Acute exposure of L6 myotubes to cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid isomers stimulates glucose uptake by modulating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1321-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mohankumar SK, Taylor CG, Siemens L, Zahradka P. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, AMP-activated kinase and Akt substrate-160 kDa by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid mediates skeletal muscle glucose uptake. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:445-56. [PMID: 22704782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a dietary lipid, has been proposed as an antidiabetic agent. However, studies specifically addressing the molecular dynamics of CLA on skeletal muscle glucose transport and differences between the key isomers are limited. We demonstrate that acute exposure of L6 myotubes to cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) and trans-10, cis-12 (t10,c12) CLA isomers mimics insulin action by stimulating glucose uptake and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) trafficking. Both c9,t10-CLA and t10,c12-CLA stimulate the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) p85 subunit and Akt substrate-160 kDa (AS160), while showing isomer-specific effects on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CLA isomers showed synergistic effects with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR). Blocking PI3-kinase and AMPK prevented the stimulatory effects of t10,c12-CLA on AS160 phosphorylation and glucose uptake, indicating that this isomer acts via a PI3-kinase and AMPK-dependent mechanism, whereas the mechanism of c9,t11-CLA remains unclear. Intriguingly, CLA isomers sensitized insulin-Akt-responsive glucose uptake and prevented high insulin-induced Akt desensitisation. Together, these results establish that CLA exhibits isomer-specific effects on GLUT4 trafficking and the increase in glucose uptake induced by CLA treatment of L6 myotubes occurs via pathways that are distinctive from those utilised by insulin.
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Hommelberg PPH, Plat J, Remels AHV, van Essen ALM, Kelders MCJM, Mensink RP, Schols AMWJ, Langen RCJ. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits skeletal muscle differentiation and GLUT4 expression independently from NF-κB activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 54:1763-72. [PMID: 20568237 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The capacity of skeletal muscle to contribute to glucose homeostasis depends on muscular insulin sensitivity. The expression of glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 is increased during myoblast differentiation, a process essential in maintenance of adult muscle. Therefore, processes that affect muscle differentiation may influence insulin dependent glucose homeostasis. Conjugated linoleic acids, and in particular trans-10, cis-12 CLA (t10, c12-CLA), are potent inducers of NF-kB in cultured skeletal myotubes, and NF-kB activation inhibits muscle differentiation. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether CLAs inhibit myogenic differentiation and lower GLUT4 mRNA expression and to address the involvement of NF-kB activation in potential effects of CLA on these processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of C2C12 cells with t10, c12-CLA blocked the formation of myotubes, which was accompanied by reduced expression of the muscle specific genes creatine kinase, myogenin, myosin heavy chain perinatal and myosin heavy chain IIB, as well as decreased GLUT4 mRNA levels. However, genetic blockade of NF-kB was not sufficient to restore reduced myosin heavy chain protein expression following t10, c12-CLA treatment. Surprisingly, in contrast to myotubes, t10, c12-CLA was not able to activate NF-kB transcriptional activity in myoblasts. CONCLUSION In conclusion, t10, c12-CLA inhibits myogenic differentiation and GLUT4 expression, independently from NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal P H Hommelberg
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The various positional isomers of oleic acid (18 : 1Δ9c or 9c-18 : 1) may have distinct biological effects. Detrimental effects of consumption of industrial trans-fatty acids (TFA) (elaidic acid; 18 : 1Δ9t) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CVD risk factors are well documented. In addition, epidemiological data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFA could alter insulin sensitivity and predispose for type 2 diabetes. However, intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Moreover, very little information is available on the effect of natural sources of TFA (vaccenic acid; 18 : 1Δ11t) coming from dairy products and ruminant meat on the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. The review focuses on the impact of the consumption of ruminant TFA in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
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Hommelberg PPH, Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ, Mensink RP, Plat J. Inflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle insulin resistance: green signal for nutritional intervention? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13:647-55. [PMID: 20842028 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833f1acd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the evidence implying a role of inflammatory signaling pathways, specifically nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, in fatty acid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance and to discuss the potential of dietary interventions to interfere with these processes. RECENT FINDINGS Fatty acids can induce skeletal muscle insulin resistance via inflammatory signaling after binding Toll-like receptors at the cell membrane of muscle cells or after accumulating as intramyocellular lipid metabolites. In both processes, activation of intracellular inflammatory signaling is involved. The majority of literature addressing the causality of muscle nuclear factor-κB activation in skeletal muscle insulin resistance suggests that insulin resistance does not require muscle nuclear factor-κB activation. Recently, strong evidence was given that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling is an important inflammatory pathway involved in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Furthermore, it is well established that proinflammatory cytokines originating from the enlarged adipose tissue or from activated adipose tissue macrophages can cause muscle insulin resistance. Recently, also macrophages resided in the muscle have been proposed to play an important role in muscle insulin resistance. Because of their anti-inflammatory characteristics, several dietary components like polyphenols may be interesting candidates for manipulating skeletal muscle insulin resistance. SUMMARY Several dietary components, like polyphenols, have been reported to interfere with inflammatory signaling. To test whether these compounds can be used to prevent or reverse insulin resistance, well controlled human intervention studies have to be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal P H Hommelberg
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hommelberg PPH, Plat J, Sparks LM, Schols AMWJ, van Essen ALM, Kelders MCJM, van Beurden D, Mensink RP, Langen RCJ. Palmitate-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance does not require NF-κB activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:1215-25. [PMID: 20820848 PMCID: PMC3056136 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Palmitate activates the NF-κB pathway, and induces accumulation of lipid metabolites and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. Little information is available whether and how these processes are causally related. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate whether intra-cellular lipid metabolites are involved in FA-induced NF-κB activation and/or insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and to investigate whether FA-induced insulin resistance and NF-κB activation are causally related. Inhibiting DGAT or CPT-1 by using, respectively, amidepsine or etomoxir increased DAG accumulation and sensitized myotubes to palmitate-induced insulin resistance. While co-incubation of palmitate with etomoxir increased NF-κB transactivation, co-incubation with amidepsine did not, indicating that DAG accumulation is associated with insulin resistance but not with NF-κB activation. Furthermore, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the NF-κB pathway could not prevent palmitate-induced insulin resistance. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that activation of the NF-κB pathway is not required for palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal P. H. Hommelberg
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anon L. M. van Essen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C. J. M. Kelders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Denis van Beurden
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C. J. Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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