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Xie Y, Shao X, Zhang P, Zhang H, Yu J, Yao X, Fu Y, Wei J, Wu C. High Starch Induces Hematological Variations, Metabolic Changes, Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Responses, and Histopathological Lesions in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Metabolites 2024; 14:236. [PMID: 38668364 PMCID: PMC11051861 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated effects of high starch (20%) on hematological variations, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, inflammatory responses, and histopathological lesions in largemouth bass. Results showed hepatic crude lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents were notably increased in fish fed high starch. High starch could increase counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils and serum contents of TAG, TBA, BUN, and LEP (p < 0.05). There were increasing trends in levels of GLUT2, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and LDH in fish fed high starch through the AKT/PI3K signal pathway. Meanwhile, high starch not only triggered TAG and cholesterol synthesis, but mediated cholesterol accumulation by reducing ABCG5, ABCG8, and NPC1L1. Significant increases in lipid droplets and vacuolization were also shown in hepatocytes of D3-D7 groups fed high starch. In addition, high starch could decrease levels of mitochondrial Trx2, TrxR2, and Prx3, while increasing ROS contents. Moreover, high starch could notably increase amounts of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, etc.) by activating NLRP3 inflammasome key molecules (GSDME, caspase 1, etc.). In conclusion, high starch could not only induce metabolic disorders via gluconeogenesis and accumulation of glycogen, TAG, and cholesterol, but could disturb redox homeostasis and cause inflammatory responses by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianping Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), Department of Fisheries, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.X.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (J.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenglong Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition (Zhejiang), Department of Fisheries, School of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, China; (Y.X.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (J.W.)
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Authentication of fish oil (omega-3) supplements using class-oriented chemometrics and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2601-2611. [PMID: 36374319 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food supplement authentication is an important concern worldwide due to the ascending consumption related to health benefits and its lack of effective regulation in underdeveloped countries, making it a target of fraudulent activities. In this context, this study evaluated fish oil supplements by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) to obtain fingerprints, which were used to build predictive models for automated authentication of the most popular products sold in Brazil. The authentication process relied on a one-class classifier model using data-driven soft independent modeling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA). The output of the model was a binary classifier: certified IFOS fish oils and non-certified ones - regardless of the source of adulteration. The compositional analysis showed a significant variation in the samples, which validated the need for reliable statistical models. The DD-SIMCA algorithm is still incipient in GC×GC studies, but it proved to be an excellent tool for authenticity purposes, achieving a chemometric model with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 98.6%, and accuracy of 99.0% for fish oil authentication. Finally, orthogonalized partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to identify the features that distinguished the groups, which ascertained the results of the DD-SIMCA model that IFOS-certified oils are positively correlated to omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3).
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The employment of analytical techniques and chemometrics for authentication of fish oils: A review. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Araujo P, Kjellevold M, Nerhus I, Dahl L, Aakre I, Moe V, Smith L, Markhus MW. Fatty Acid Reference Intervals in Red Blood Cells among Pregnant Women in Norway-Cross Sectional Data from the 'Little in Norway' Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102950. [PMID: 32993043 PMCID: PMC7601079 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in determining fatty acid reference intervals from pregnancy cohort, especially considering the lack of reference values for pregnant women in the literature and the generalized misconception of equating reference intervals for nonpregnant women as equivalent to pregnant women. Seafood and supplements are important dietary sources for the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:55ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω-3). Sufficient intake of EPA and DHA is vital during pregnancy for the development of the fetus, as well as for maintaining adequate levels for the mother. This study describes the fatty acid status and suggests reference values and cut-offs for fatty acids in red blood cells (RBC) from pregnant women (n = 247). An electronic food frequency questionnaire (e-FFQ) mapped the dietary habits of the participants, and gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid levels in RBC. The association between e-FFQ variables and fatty acid concentrations was established using a principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty-nine-point-one percent (29.1%) of the participants reported eating seafood as dinner according to the Norwegian recommendations, and they added in their diet as well a high percentage (76.9%) intake of ω-3 supplements. The concentration levels of fatty acids in RBC were in agreement with those reported in similar populations from different countries. The reference interval 2.5/97.5 percentiles for EPA, DPA, DHA were 0.23/2.12, 0.56/2.80, 3.76/10.12 in relative concentration units (%), and 5.99/51.25, 11.08/61.97, 64.25/218.08 in absolute concentration units (µg/g), respectively. The number of participants and their selection from all over Norway vouch for the representativeness of the study and the validity of the proposed reference values, and therefore, the study may be a useful tool when studying associations between fatty acid status and health outcome in future studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PCA study reporting a direct association between ω-3 LCPUFA and intake of seafood and ω-3 supplements in a pregnancy cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Araujo
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; (I.N.); (L.D.); (I.A.); (M.W.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.K.); Tel.: +47-47645029 (P.A.); +47-40854582 (M.K.)
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; (I.N.); (L.D.); (I.A.); (M.W.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.K.); Tel.: +47-47645029 (P.A.); +47-40854582 (M.K.)
| | - Ive Nerhus
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; (I.N.); (L.D.); (I.A.); (M.W.M.)
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; (I.N.); (L.D.); (I.A.); (M.W.M.)
| | - Inger Aakre
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; (I.N.); (L.D.); (I.A.); (M.W.M.)
| | - Vibeke Moe
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (V.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lars Smith
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (V.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Wik Markhus
- Institute of Marine Research, 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; (I.N.); (L.D.); (I.A.); (M.W.M.)
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Li Y, Li P, Xia G, Li C, Shen X. Analysis and Identification of Golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) Head Phospholipid Molecular Species by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:1187-1197. [PMID: 31735749 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we first isolate phospholipid (PL) from Golden pompano head (GPH), and elucidate its structure. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to assess the GPH-PL fatty acid composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet absorption spectrometry (UV) were used for the qualitative analysis of GPH-PL, and LC-MS analysis was used to determine the major PL species. The results show that the contents of the various molecular species of GPH-PL were generally in the order phosphatidylcholine (PC) > sphingomyelin (SM) > lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) > phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The main molecular PC species are 16:0/18:2, 13:0/23:2, 27:2/9:0, 16:0/18:1, 12:0/22:2, 18:0/18:1, 18:0/24:1, and 18:1/24:0. The major SM species are 16:1/16:0, 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/26:2, and 18:1/24:1. The major LPC species are 18:1 and 16:0. The major PE species are 18:0/18:1 and 16:0/22:6. The total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents in the GPH-PLs were 18.39%, and the content of DHA in the PL fraction was 16.47%. These results suggest that PLs from GPH is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which have good activity in anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis and other aspects, and have important development prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University
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Chemometric tools for the authentication of cod liver oil based on nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6931-6942. [PMID: 31401671 PMCID: PMC6834736 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cod liver oil is a popular dietary supplement marketed as a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids as well as vitamins A and D. Due to its high market price, cod liver oil is vulnerable to adulteration with lower priced vegetable oils. In this study, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography (coupled to a flame ionization detector) were used in combination with multivariate statistics to determine cod liver oil adulteration with common vegetable oils (sunflower and canola oils). Artificial neural networks (ANN) were able to differentiate adulteration levels based on infrared spectra with a detection limit of 0.22% and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.86%. ANN models using 1H NMR and 13C NMR data yielded detection limits of 3.0% and 1.8% and RMSEPs of 2.7% and 1.1%, respectively. In comparison, the ANN model based on fatty acid profiles determined by gas chromatography achieved a detection limit of 0.81% and an RMSEP of 1.1%. The approach of using spectroscopic techniques in combination with multivariate statistics can be regarded as a promising tool for the authentication of cod liver oil and may pave the way for a holistic quality assessment of fish oils. Graphical abstract.
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Liu Y, Jiao JG, Gao S, Ning LJ, Mchele Limbu S, Qiao F, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Dietary oils modify lipid molecules and nutritional value of fillet in Nile tilapia: A deep lipidomics analysis. Food Chem 2019; 277:515-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Araujo P, Tilahun E, Zeng Y. A novel strategy for discriminating marine oils by using the positional distribution (sn-1, sn-2, sn-3) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols. Talanta 2018; 182:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Novinscak A, Filion M. Enhancing total lipid and stearidonic acid yields inBuglossoides arvensisthrough PGPR inoculation. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:203-215. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Novinscak
- Biology Department; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
| | - M. Filion
- Biology Department; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB Canada
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Reduction of Platelet Aggregation From Ingestion of Oleic and Linoleic Acids Found in Vitis vinifera and Arachis hypogaea Oils. Am J Ther 2017; 23:e1315-e1319. [PMID: 25741817 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of seed oils from Vitis vinifera and Arachis hypogaea in platelet aggregation. The initial hypothesis suggested that subjects who have consumed these seed oils undergo modified platelet aggregation. This study was performed using a pre-post test design, with a control group, and double blind. The effects of the consumption of grape seed and peanut oils were measured for platelet aggregation in clinical and laboratory tests in 30 healthy subjects. In addition to this group, a control group of 4 health subjects received no treatment with oils, just 500 mg oral administration acetylsalicylic acid for 7 days. Platelet aggregation was assessed by the Born turbidimetric method, using 3 different concentrations of adenosine diphosphate as agonists (2, 54; 1, 17; and 0, 58 μM). The study subjects had very similar results; both oils were shown to have a significant reduction in platelet aggregation. Grape seed oil showed a decrease of 8.4 ± 1% in aggregation, compared with peanut oil, which decreased aggregation by 10.4 ± 1%. The control group, taking 500 mg OD aspirin for 7 days, showed a significant decrease in platelet aggregation, similar to that of oil ingestion. Each of the oils was analyzed for fatty acids, to determine which particular acids were presents in greater levels, which could explain the reduction in platelet aggregation. The oil found to be most abundant in grape seeds was linoleic acid (omega-6), and in peanuts, it was oleic acid (omega-9). However, in fact, both acids reduced platelet aggregation. Consumption of plant oils from grape seeds and peanuts had a lowering effect on platelet aggregation, in addition to containing a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. However, omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids were not specifically responsible for the reductions mentioned above.
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Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Olivares M, Castro K, Iñañez JG, Madariaga JM. An alternative analytical method based on ultrasound micro bath hydrolysis and GC-MS analysis for the characterization of organic biomarkers in archaeological ceramics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8001-8012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Zhu X, Ye A, Verrier T, Singh H. Free fatty acid profiles of emulsified lipids during in vitro digestion with pancreatic lipase. Food Chem 2013; 139:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation accentuates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in mice with impaired fatty acid oxidation capacity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:291-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tang B, Row KH. Development of gas chromatography analysis of fatty acids in marine organisms. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:599-607. [PMID: 23377649 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids has attracted considerable interest. In this analysis, the common derivatives of fatty acids, such as fatty acid methyl esters, can be detected using a flame ionization detector and the mass spectra can indicate the true structure of fatty acids. This paper reviews gas chromatographic methods for obtaining fatty acids from marine organisms. The stationary phase and detector for applications in gas chromatography are discussed. This article also reviews the components of fatty acids in marine animals, marine plants and marine microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Cabrera-Vique C, Marfil R, Giménez R, Martínez-Augustin O. Bioactive compounds and nutritional significance of virgin argan oil - an edible oil with potential as a functional food. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:266-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Classification of Geographical Origin by PNN Analysis of Fatty Acid Data and Level of Contaminants in Oils From Peruvian Anchovy. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kuhnt K, Degen C, Jaudszus A, Jahreis G. Searching for health beneficial n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in plant seeds. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011; 114:153-160. [PMID: 22745569 PMCID: PMC3380567 DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various plant seeds have received little attention in fatty acid research. Seeds from 30 species mainly of Boraginaceae and Primulaceae were analysed in order to identify potential new sources of the n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) and of the n-6 PUFA γ-linolenic acid (GLA). The fatty acid distribution differed enormously between genera of the same family. Echium species (Boraginaceae) contained the highest amount of total n-3 PUFA (47.1%), predominantly ALA (36.6%) and SDA (10.5%) combined with high GLA (10.2%). Further species of Boraginaceae rich in both SDA and GLA were Omphalodes linifolia (8.4, 17.2%, resp.), Cerinthe minor (7.5, 9.9%, resp.) and Buglossoides purpureocaerulea (6.1, 16.6%, resp.). Alkanna species belonging to Boraginaceae had comparable amounts of ALA (37.3%) and GLA (11.4%) like Echium but lower SDA contents (3.7%). Different genera of Primulaceae (Dodecatheon and Primula) had varying ALA (14.8, 28.8%, resp.) and GLA portions (4.1, 1.5%, resp.), but similar amounts of SDA (4.9, 4.5%, resp.). Cannabis sativa cultivars (Cannabaceae) were rich in linoleic acid (57.1%), but poor in SDA and GLA (0.8, 2.7%, resp.). In conclusion, several of the presented plant seeds contain considerable amounts of n-3 PUFA and GLA, which could be relevant for nutritional purposes due to their biological function as precursors for eicosanoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhnt
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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