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Kyselová L, Řezanka T. Stereochemistry of aminoacylated cardiolipins and phosphatidylglycerols from bacteria. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:980-988. [PMID: 37860988 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) connected with electrospray high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the analysis of unusual amino acid (AA) substituted phosphatidylglycerols (PG) and cardiolipins (CL) in mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria. Individual peaks from the lipid class separation by HILIC were isolated and hydrolyzed to determine the absolute configuration of the aminoacyl side chain. The configuration of the aminoacyl side chain was assigned by indirect liquid chromatography (LC) enantiomer separation after the hydrolysis of the aminoacylated (aminoacyl) lipids using N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)-l-phenylalanine 2-methoxyethyl ester as chiral derivatizing agent and reversed phase LC-MS for analysis. When two chromatographic methods were combined, less common AAs, such as d-allo-Ile and d-allo-Thr, were identified. The taxonomic classification of bacteria showed that bacteria of the family Bacillaceae (Bacillus and Geobacillus) produce branched-chain AAs, that is, d-allo-Ile, d-Ile, and d-Leu. These AAs were present only in the genera Bacillus and Geobacillus and not in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (family Alicyclobacillaceae). On the contrary, hydroxy AAs, that is, l- and d-Thr, and l- and d-allo-Thr, were identified as aminoacyl-PG and aminoacyl-CL in A. acidoterrestris and were not present in the genera Bacillus and Geobacillus. Therefore, the complete analysis made it possible to identify the stereochemistry of AAs in aminoacyl PGs and CLs and use this fact for chemotaxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Timkina E, Kulišová M, Palyzová A, Marešová H, Maťátková O, Řezanka T, Kolouchová IJ. Isolation and characterization of multiple-stress tolerant bacteria from radon springs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299532. [PMID: 38451953 PMCID: PMC10919644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Radon springs, characterized by their high concentrations of radon gas (Rn222), are extreme environments with unique physicochemical conditions distinct from conventional aquatic ecosystems. Our research aimed to investigate microbial life in radon springs, focusing on isolating extremophilic bacteria and assessing their resistance to adverse conditions. Our study revealed the prevalence of Actinomycetia species in the radon spring environment. We conducted various tests to evaluate the resistance of these isolates to oxidative stress, irradiation, desiccation, and metal ion content. These extremophilic bacteria showed overall higher resistance to these stresses compared to control strains. Lipidomic analysis was also employed to provide insights into the adaptive mechanisms of these bacteria which were found mainly in the correlations among individual clusters and changes in content of fatty acids (FA) as well as differences between content and type of FAs of environmental isolates and type strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Timkina
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kulišová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Marešová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kyselová L, Řezanka T. Analysis of glycosylated cardiolipins from thermophilic bacteria using GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115800. [PMID: 37871419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Unusual glucose-substituted cardiolipins (Glcx-CLs) in three genera of thermophilic bacteria, having more than one glycosidically linked glucose to the hydroxyl of the central glycerol of Glcx-CLs were identified for the first time in thermophilic bacteria of the genera Geobacillus, Meiothermus, and Thermus. The number of glucoses reached up to five units. The structure of glycosidically linked oligosaccharides was determined based on shotgun analysis MS (electrospray high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry), partially methylated alditol acetates were identified by GC-MS, both electron ionization (EI) and positive chemical ionization (PCI), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation and identification of CLs glycosides by high resolution MS-ESI, and digestion by specific glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, Prague 12044, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14200, Czech Republic.
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Analysis of Bacteriohopanoids from Thermophilic Bacteria by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102062. [PMID: 34683383 PMCID: PMC8537080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hopanoids modify plasma membrane properties in bacteria and are often compared to sterols that modulate membrane fluidity in eukaryotes. In some microorganisms, they can also allow adaptations to extreme environments. Methods: Hopanoids were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in fourteen strains of thermophilic bacteria belonging to five genera, i.e., Alicyclobacillus, Brevibacillus, Geobacillus, Meiothermus, and Thermus. The bacteria were cultivated at temperatures from 42 to 70 °C. Results: Regardless of the source of origin, the strains have the same tendency to adapt the hopanoid content depending on the cultivation temperature. In the case of aminopentol, its content increases; aminotetrol does not show a significant change; and in the case of aminotriol the content decreases by almost a third. The content of bacteriohopanetetrol and bacteriohopanetetrol glycoside decreases with increasing temperature, while in the case of adenosylhopane the opposite trend was found. Conclusions: Changes in hopanoid content can be explained by increased biosynthesis, where adenosylhopane is the first intermediate in the biosynthesis of the hopanoid side chain.
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Czolkoss S, Borgert P, Poppenga T, Hölzl G, Aktas M, Narberhaus F. Synthesis of the unusual lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in environmental bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6993-7008. [PMID: 34528360 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial membrane is constantly remodelled in response to environmental conditions and the external supply of precursor molecules. Some bacteria are able to acquire exogenous lyso-phospholipids and convert them to the corresponding phospholipids. Here, we report that some soil-dwelling bacteria have alternative options to metabolize lyso-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG). We find that the plant-pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens takes up this mono-acylated phospholipid and converts it to two distinct isoforms of the non-canonical lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Chromatographic separation and quadrupole-time-of-flight MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of two possible BMP stereo configurations acylated at either of the free hydroxyl groups of the glycerol head group. BMP accumulated in the inner membrane and did not visibly alter cell morphology and growth behaviour. The plant-associated bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti was also able to convert externally provided L-PG to BMP. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli metabolized L-PG after cell disruption, suggesting that BMP production in the natural habitat relies both on dedicated uptake systems and on head-group acylation enzymes. Overall, our study adds two previously overlooked phospholipids to the repertoire of bacterial membrane lipids and provides evidence for the remarkable condition-responsive adaptation of bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Czolkoss
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Borgert
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tessa Poppenga
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Meriyem Aktas
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franz Narberhaus
- Microbial Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Gharwalová L, Palyzová A, Marešová H, Kolouchová I, Kyselová L, Řezanka T. Identification of Homologous Polyprenols from Thermophilic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061168. [PMID: 34071687 PMCID: PMC8226974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen strains of five genera of thermophilic bacteria, i.e., Alicyclobacillus, Brevibacillus, Geobacillus, Meiothermus, and Thermus, were cultivated at a temperature from 42 to 70 °C. Twelve strains were obtained from the Czech Collection of Microorganisms, while four were directly isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing from the hot springs of the world-famous Carlsbad spa (Czech Republic). Polyprenol homologs from C40 to C65 as well as free undecaprenol (C55), undecaprenyl phosphate, and undecaprenyl diphosphate were identified by shotgun analysis and RP-HPLC/MS-ESI+ (reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry). The limit of detection (50 pM) was determined for individual homologs and free polyprenols and their phosphates. Thus, it has been shown that at least some thermophilic bacteria produce not just the major C55 polyprenol as previously described, but a mixture of homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gharwalová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.G.); (I.K.)
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (H.M.)
| | - Helena Marešová
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (H.M.)
| | - Irena Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.G.); (I.K.)
| | - Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Characterizing the phospholipid composition of six edible sea cucumbers by NPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Application of osmotic challenge for enrichment of microbial consortia in polyhydroxyalkanoates producing thermophilic and thermotolerant bacteria and their subsequent isolation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:698-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Raab A, Feldmann J. Biological sulphur-containing compounds – Analytical challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Řezanka T, Gharwalová L, Nováková G, Kolouchová I, Uhlík O, Sigler K. KocuriaBacterial Isolates from Radioactive Springs of Jáchymov spa (Joachimsthal) as Sources of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Lipids 2019; 54:177-187. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of MicrobiologyThe Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Gharwalová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5, 166 28, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Nováková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5, 166 28, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5, 166 28, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Uhlík
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5, 166 28, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of MicrobiologyThe Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague Czech Republic
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11
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Liao SM, Liang G, Zhu J, Lu B, Peng LX, Wang QY, Wei YT, Zhou GP, Huang RB. Influence of Calcium Ions on the Thermal Characteristics of α-amylase from Thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. GXS-BL. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:148-157. [PMID: 30652633 PMCID: PMC6416487 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190116162958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Amylases are starch-degrading enzymes and used widely, the study on thermostability of α-amylase is a central requirement for its application in life science and biotechnology. OBJECTIVE In this article, our motivation is to study how the effect of Ca2+ ions on the structure and thermal characterization of α-amylase (AGXA) from thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp.GXS-BL. METHODS α-Amylase activity was assayed with soluble starch as the substrate, and the amount of sugar released was determined by DNS method. For AGXA with calcium ions and without calcium ions, optimum temperature (Topt), half-inactivation temperature (T50) and thermal inactivation (halflife, t1/2) was evaluated. The thermal denaturation of the enzymes was determined by DSC and CD methods. 3D structure of AGXA was homology modeled with α-amylase (5A2A) as the template. RESULTS With calcium ions, the values of Topt, T50, t1/2, Tm and ΔH in AGXA were significantly higher than those of AGXA without calcium ions, showing calcium ions had stabilizing effects on α-amylase structure with the increased temperature. Based on DSC measurements AGXA underwent thermal denaturation by adopting two-state irreversible unfolding processes. Based on the CD spectra, AGXA without calcium ions exhibited two transition states upon unfolding, including α- helical contents increasing, and the transition from α-helices to β-sheet structures, which was obviously different in AGXA with Ca2+ ions, and up to 4 Ca2+ ions were located on the inter-domain or intra-domain regions according to the modeling structure. CONCLUSION These results reveal that Ca2+ ions have pronounced influences on the thermostability of AGXA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; E-mail: , Gordon Life Science Institute, 53 South Cottage Road Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Tel/Fax: +1-9199875774/ +1-9195215550; E-mail:
| | - Ri-Bo Huang
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; E-mail: , Gordon Life Science Institute, 53 South Cottage Road Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Tel/Fax: +1-9199875774/ +1-9195215550; E-mail:
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Vosse C, Wienken C, Cadenas C, Hayen H. Separation and identification of phospholipids by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem high resolution mass spectrometry with focus on isomeric phosphatidylglycerol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:105-113. [PMID: 29983166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lipid composition of cells or tissue are often linked to various diseases. Studies indicate alterations of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) species in diseases such as cancer. Therefore, an extended phospholipid profiling method based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and data-dependent MS/MS acquisition was developed to separate and unambiguously identify BMP species. Lipid species identification was based on retention time, accurate mass and specific MS/MS fragments. The developed method was applied in a proof of concept study to lipid extracts of a cell culture model of conditional oncogene overexpression in MCF-7/NeuT breast cancer cells. Comparison of control and oncogene-induced MCF-7/NeuT breast cancer cells showed changes in BMP species distribution. Thereby, a shift from long-chain to shorter-chain fatty acid composition in BMP species was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vosse
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carina Wienken
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Řezanka T, Kolouchová I, Gharwalová L, Palyzová A, Sigler K. Lipidomic Analysis: From Archaea to Mammals. Lipids 2018; 53:5-25. [PMID: 29446847 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are among the most important organic compounds found in all living cells, from primitive archaebacteria to flowering plants or mammalian cells. They form part of cell walls and constitute cell storage material. Their biosynthesis and metabolism play key roles in faraway topics such as biofuel production (third-generation biofuels produced by microorganisms, e.g. algae) and human diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger syndrome, or Refsum disease. Current lipidomic analysis requires fast and accurate processing of samples and especially their characterization. Because the number of possible lipids and, more specifically, molecular species of lipids is of the order of hundreds to thousands, it is necessary to process huge amounts of data in a short time. There are two basic approaches to lipidomic analysis: shotgun and liquid chromatography-mass spectometry. Both methods have their pros and cons. This review deals with lipidomics not according to the type of ionization or the lipid classes analyzed but according to the types of samples (organisms) under study. Thus, it is divided into lipidomic analysis of archaebacteria, bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Gharwalová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
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Slavetinsky C, Kuhn S, Peschel A. Bacterial aminoacyl phospholipids - Biosynthesis and role in basic cellular processes and pathogenicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:1310-1318. [PMID: 27940309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cell membrane accomplishes the controlled exchange of molecules with the extracellular space and mediates specific interactions with the environment. However, the cytoplasmic membrane also includes vulnerable targets for antimicrobial agents. A common feature of cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) produced by other bacteria or by the host immune system is to utilize the negative charge of bacterial phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) or cardiolipin (CL) for initial adherence and subsequent penetration into the membrane bilayer. To resist cationic antimicrobials many bacteria integrate positive charges into the membrane surface. This is accomplished by aminoacylation of negatively charged (PG) or (CL) with alanine, arginine, or lysine residues. The Multiple Peptide Resistance Factor (MprF) of Staphylococcus aureus is the prototype of a highly conserved protein family of aminoacyl phosphatidylglycerol synthases (aaPGSs) which modify PG or CL with amino acids. MprF is an oligomerizing membrane protein responsible for both, synthesis of lysyl phosphatidylglycerol (LysPG) in the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane and translocation of LysPG to the outer leaflet. This review focuses on occurrence, synthesis and function of bacterial aminoacyl phospholipids (aaPLs) and on the role of such lipids in basic cellular processes and pathogenicity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Lipids edited by Russell E. Bishop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Slavetinsky
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kuhn
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Bernat P, Paraszkiewicz K, Siewiera P, Moryl M, Płaza G, Chojniak J. Lipid composition in a strain of Bacillus subtilis, a producer of iturin A lipopeptides that are active against uropathogenic bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:157. [PMID: 27550437 PMCID: PMC4993802 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Urinary tract infections are a common disease in humans. Therefore, new methods are needed to destroy biofilms that are formed by uropathogens. Iturin A lipopeptides (LPs) C14 and C15 are potent biosurfactants synthetized by the Bacillus subtilis I′1a strain. The biological activity of extracted LPs was confirmed by examining extracts from I′1a cultures against uropathogenic bacteria that had been isolated from biofilms on urinary catheters. Compared with cultures of DSM 3257, which produce surfactin at a relatively low level, the extract obtained from strain I′1a exhibited a greater inhibitory effect against both planktonic and sessile forms of Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii and Enterococcus faecalis. Moreover, cyclic LP biosurfactants may disturb the integrity of cytoplasmic membranes; therefore, we investigated the effects of synthetized LPs on fatty acids and phospholipids of B. subtilis. LPs and lipids were analyzed using GC–MS, LC–MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF techniques. Compared with B. subtilis DSM 3257, membranes of the I′1a strain were characterized by an increased amount of anteiso fatty acids and a ten-fold higher ratio of phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-to-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Interestingly, in cultures of B. subtilis DSM 3257 supplemented with LP extracts of the I′1a strain, the PG-to-PE ratio was fourfold higher, and the amount of anteiso fatty acids was also increased. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siewiera
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Moryl
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Płaza
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha Street 6, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Chojniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha Street 6, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
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Vítová M, Goecke F, Sigler K, Řezanka T. Lipidomic analysis of the extremophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria in response to changes in pH. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Müller DC, Degen C, Scherer G, Jahreis G, Niessner R, Scherer M. Metabolomics using GC–TOF–MS followed by subsequent GC–FID and HILIC–MS/MS analysis revealed significantly altered fatty acid and phospholipid species profiles in plasma of smokers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 966:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Identification of Plasmalogen Cardiolipins from Pectinatus by Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2013; 48:1237-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Goh KM, Kahar UM, Chai YY, Chong CS, Chai KP, Ranjani V, Illias R, Chan KG. Recent discoveries and applications of Anoxybacillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1475-88. [PMID: 23324802 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillaceae family members are a good source of bacteria for bioprocessing and biotransformation involving whole cells or enzymes. In contrast to Bacillus and Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus is a relatively new genus that was proposed in the year 2000. Because these bacteria are alkali-tolerant thermophiles, they are suitable for many industrial applications. More than a decade after the first report of Anoxybacillus, knowledge accumulated from fundamental and applied studies suggests that this genus can serve as a good alternative in many applications related to starch and lignocellulosic biomasses, environmental waste treatment, enzyme technology, and possibly bioenergy production. This current review provides the first summary of past and recent discoveries regarding the isolation of Anoxybacillus, its medium requirements, its proteins that have been characterized and cloned, bioremediation applications, metabolic studies, and genomic analysis. Comparisons to some other members of Bacillaceae and possible future applications of Anoxybacillus are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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