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Prater MC, Scheurell AR, Paton CM, Cooper JA. No Observed Difference in Inflammatory and Coagulation Markers Following Diets Rich in n-6 Polyunsaturated Fat vs Monounsaturated Fat in Adults With Untreated Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:205-214.e1. [PMID: 37619782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory and prothrombotic responses are hallmark to the progression of cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by the type of dietary fat. Cottonseed oil (CSO) is rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats and improves traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as cholesterol profiles. However, some clinicians are still hesitant to promote n-6 polyunsaturated fats consumption despite growing evidence suggesting they may not be independently pro-inflammatory. OBJECTIVE To investigate the inflammatory and coagulation marker responses to an 8-week diet intervention rich in either CSO or olive oil (OO) (OO is rich in monounsaturated fat) in adults with untreated hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of a parallel-arm randomized clinical trial with the main outcome of cholesterol measures. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included in this analysis were 42 sedentary adults aged 30 to 75 years (62% women) in the Athens, GA, area, between May 2018 and June 2021, with untreated hypercholesterolemia or elevated blood lipids and body mass index >18.5. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as at least two blood lipid levels in a borderline undesirable/at risk range (total cholesterol level ≥180 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥110 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <50 mg/dL, or triglyceride level ≥130 mg/dL), or at least one in an undesirable range (total cholesterol level ≥240 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥160 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg/dL, or triglyceride level ≥200 mg/dL). INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to either the CSO or OO group in a partial outpatient feeding trial. Meals from the study provided approximately 60% of their energy needs with 30% of energy needs from either CSO or OO for 8 weeks. Participants fulfilled their remaining energy needs with meals of their choosing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Markers of coagulation potential, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue factor were measured at the same time points. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Repeated measures linear mixed models were used with treatment and visit in the model for analyses of all biochemical markers. RESULTS There were no significant differences in fasting C-reactive protein (P = 0.70), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.98), interleukin-6 (P = 0.21), interleukin-1β (P = 0.13), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P = 0.29), or tissue factor (P = 0.29) between groups across the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and coagulation marker responses to diets rich in CSO vs OO were not significantly different between groups, and neither group showed changes in these markers in adults with untreated hypercholesterolemia. This provides additional evidence suggesting that dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fats may not promote inflammation compared with monounsaturated fatty acids, even in adults at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Prater
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Alexis R Scheurell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
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Shakhbanov KS, Abdulagatov IM, Aliev AM. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Parthenocissus Wild Grape Seed Fatty Oil. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Yang C, Shang K, Lin C, Wang C, Shi X, Wang H, Li H. Processing technologies, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of grape seed oil (GSO): A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Martínez-Galán JP, Ontibón-Echeverri CM, Campos Costa M, Batista-Duharte A, Guerso Batista V, Mesa V, Monti R, Veloso de Paula A, Martins Baviera A. Enzymatic synthesis of capric acid-rich structured lipids and their effects on mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110602. [PMID: 34507747 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to produce structured lipids (SLs) by enzymatic acidolysis using Rhizopus oryzae lipase covalently immobilized in a low-cost material. Grape seed oil was used to synthesize SLs containing the medium-chain fatty acid (C10:0) capric acid. SL synthesis led to 38.8% medium-chain fatty acid incorporation with 5 reuses of the enzymatic derivative. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of MLM-TAGs (triacylglycerols with one long- and two medium-chain acyl residues) were at a molar ratio of fatty acid:oil of 3:1, performed at 40 °C and lipase immobilized load of 5% (w/w). The in vivo effects of SLs were studied in Swiss mice fed premade diets: control (C) diet, high-fat diet (HFD) with 100% lipid content as lard, HFD with 50% lipid content as grape seed oil (HG) or HFD with 50% lipid content as capric acid-containing SLs produced from grape seed oil (HG-MCT). Mice from HG and HG-MCT groups had decreases in body weight gain and reductions in the weights of white adipose tissues. In addition, HG and HG-MCT mice had low plasma levels of glucose and total cholesterol, and improvements in the glucose tolerance. HG and HG-MCT diets have remarkable antioxidant properties, since low plasma levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation) were found in mice fed these diets. Interestingly, TBARS levels in HG-MCT mice were further decreased than values of HG mice. Mice fed HG and HG-MCT diets also showed preservation in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1. Both HG and HG-MCT diets promoted reduction of IL-6 and IL-10 production by splenocytes. The capric acid-containing SLs produced from grape seed oil emerges as a functional oil capable to mitigate obesity complications resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Paul Martínez-Galán
- School of Nutrition and Dietetic, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Mariana Campos Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Guerso Batista
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria Mesa
- School of Nutrition and Dietetic, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rubens Monti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariela Veloso de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Shrestha N, Vidimce J, Holland OJ, Cuffe JSM, Beck BR, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Adult Rat Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062946. [PMID: 33799409 PMCID: PMC7999727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is essential for fetal growth and development. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal and postnatal high LA (HLA) diet on plasma FA composition, plasma and hepatic lipids and genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of adult offspring. Female rats were fed with low LA (LLA; 1.44% LA) or HLA (6.21% LA) diets for 10 weeks before pregnancy, and during gestation/lactation. Offspring were weaned at postnatal day 25 (PN25), fed either LLA or HLA diets and sacrificed at PN180. Postnatal HLA diet decreased circulating total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), while increased total n-6 PUFA, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) in both male and female offspring. Maternal HLA diet increased circulating leptin in female offspring, but not in males. Maternal HLA diet decreased circulating adiponectin in males. Postnatal HLA diet significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (AST) in females and downregulated total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the plasma of males. Maternal HLA diet downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of Hmgcr in both male and female offspring and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of Cpt1a and Acox1 in females. Both maternal and postnatal HLA diet decreased hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp27a1 in females. Postnatal diet significantly altered circulating fatty acid concentrations, with sex-specific differences in genes that control lipid metabolism in the adult offspring following exposure to high LA diet in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Belinda R. Beck
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (J.V.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Fries-Craft KA, Meyer MM, Lindblom SC, Kerr BJ, Bobeck EA. Lipid Source and Peroxidation Status Alter Immune Cell Recruitment in Broiler Chicken Ileum. J Nutr 2020; 151:223-234. [PMID: 33296473 PMCID: PMC7779234 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restaurant oil in poultry diets increases energy content, reduces production costs, and promotes sustainability within the food supply chain. However, variable oil composition and heating temperatures among restaurant oil sources can impact broiler chicken health due to heat-induced lipid modifications. OBJECTIVES A 21-d experiment was conducted to evaluate ileal morphology, liver cytokine gene expression, and ileal immune cell populations in broilers fed control or peroxidized lipids with varying chain and saturation characteristics. METHODS Day-old broilers were housed in battery cages (5 birds per cage) and fed diets containing 5% control or peroxidized oils. Eight diets were randomly assigned in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of oil source (palm, soybean, flaxseed, or fish) and peroxidation status (control or peroxidized). At day 21, samples were collected for ileal histomorphology [villus height (VH), crypt depth (CrD), and the VH:CrD ratio], and liver cytokine expression (qPCR). Ileum cytokine expression and T-cell markers were analyzed by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH). Data were analyzed as a mixed model (SAS 9.4) with fixed effects of lipid source, peroxidation, and lipid × peroxidation interaction. RESULTS CD3+ T-cells in the ileum decreased 16.2% due to peroxidation (P = 0.001) with 30.3% reductions observed in birds fed peroxidized flaxseed oil (P = 0.01). Peroxidation increased IL6+ and IL1B+ cells by 62.0% and 40.3%, respectively (P = 0.01). Soybean oil increased IFNG+ cells by 55.1% compared with palm oil, regardless of peroxidation status (P = 0.007). Lipid source and peroxidation did not alter ileal histomorphology or liver cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS Lipid peroxidation increased ileal IL1B and IL6 in broiler chickens, whereas soybean oil diets increased IFNG. Generally, peroxidation decreased overall CD3+ T-cell populations, suggesting impaired T-cell presence or recruitment. These results identify potential immunomodulatory lipid profiles in restaurant oil while supporting RNAscope-ISH as a method to describe avian tissue-level immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meaghan M Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Brian J Kerr
- USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, USA
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Lotus Root and Linoleic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110293. [PMID: 33228085 PMCID: PMC7699317 DOI: 10.3390/life10110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the innate immune system. However, aberrant inflammatory responses lead to various diseases. Lotus root, the edible rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera, is a popular traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. In a previous study, we reported that fermented lotus root (FLR) alleviated ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcers in rats by modulating inflammation-related genes. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of FLR and its major constituent, linoleic acid (LA), are still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of FLR and LA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. We found that FLR inhibited LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators through down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Similarly, LA also attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of proteins associated with NF-κB signaling, such as ERK, JNK, and p38. Overall, our results suggested that FLR and LA may effectively ameliorate inflammatory diseases.
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Marchix J, Catheline D, Duby C, Monthéan-Boulier N, Boissel F, Pédrono F, Boudry G, Legrand P. Interactive effects of maternal and weaning high linoleic acid intake on hepatic lipid metabolism, oxylipins profile and hepatic steatosis in offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108241. [PMID: 31715523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described as a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. When several studies correlated maternal linoleic acid (LA) intake with the development of obesity, only few links have been made between n-6 fatty acid (FA) and NAFLD. Herein, we investigated the influence of both maternal and weaning high LA intake on lipid metabolism and susceptibility to develop later metabolic diseases in offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a control-diet (2% LA) or a LA-rich diet (12% LA) during gestation and lactation. At weaning, offspring was assigned to one of the two diets, i.e., either maintained on the same maternal diet or fed the other diet for 6 months. Physiological, biochemical parameters and hepatic FA metabolism were analyzed. We demonstrated that the interaction between the maternal and weaning LA intake altered metabolism in offspring and could lead to hepatic steatosis. This phenotype was associated with altered hepatic FA content and lipid metabolism. Interaction between maternal and weaning LA intake led to a specific pattern of n-6 and n-3 oxylipins that could participate to the development of hepatic steatosis in offspring. Our findings highlight the significant interaction between maternal and weaning high LA intake to predispose offspring to later metabolic disease and support the predictive adaptive response hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Marchix
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
| | - Cécile Duby
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Francoise Boissel
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
| | - Frédérique Pédrono
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan INRA, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
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Li X, Shen Y, Tang N, Zhu J, Xiao J, Cong R, Zhang H, Wu G, Qi X. Ameliorative Role of
Cabernet Sauvignon
Seed Oil on Hyperlipidemia, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina
| | - Na Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Junyong Xiao
- Infinite Pole (China) Co., Ltd.Guangzhou 510000China
| | - Renhuai Cong
- Infinite Pole (China) Co., Ltd.Guangzhou 510000China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China
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Kaviani S, Taylor CM, Stevenson JL, Cooper JA, Paton CM. A 7-day high-PUFA diet reduces angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 8 responses and postprandial triglyceride levels in healthy females but not males: a randomized control trial. BMC Nutr 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 32153916 PMCID: PMC7050740 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects on hypertriglyceridemia although their effect on angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), specifically ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a high-PUFA diet improves postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels through reducing ANGPTL responses following high saturated fat (SFA) meals. METHODS Twenty-six adults were randomized into a PUFA diet (n = 16) or a control diet group (n = 10). Participants completed a pre-diet visit (v1) where they were given two SFA-rich, high-fat meals. Blood draws were taken at fasting and every 2 h postprandially for a total of 8 h. After v1, participants completed a 7d diet of the same macronutrient proportions (50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) but with different fatty acid (FA) compositions (PUFA = 21% of total energy from PUFAs vs. Control = 7% of total energy from PUFA). All participants then completed the post-diet visit (v2) identical to v1. RESULTS In the PUFA group, females, but not males, reduced TG concentrations (Area under the curve (AUC): 141.2 ± 18.7 vs. 80.7 ± 6.5 mg/dL/h, p = 0.01, for v1 vs. v2, respectively). Fasting and postprandial AUC levels of ANGPTL3 and 8, but not ANGPTL4, also decreased from v1 to v2 in PUFA females, but not males. No changes from v1 to v2 were seen in either sex in the control group. CONCLUSIONS A PUFA-rich diet improves TG levels in response to high-SFA meals with reductions in ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8. PUFAs may be more protective against hypertriglyceridemia in females, compared to males since no diet effect was observed in males. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02246933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kaviani
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | | | - Jamie A. Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Chad M. Paton
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Polley KR, Oswell NJ, Pegg RB, Paton CM, Cooper JA. A 5-day high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil improves cholesterol profiles and triglycerides compared to olive oil in healthy men. Nutr Res 2018; 60:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Depot-specific inflammation with decreased expression of ATM2 in white adipose tissues induced by high-margarine/lard intake. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188007. [PMID: 29141038 PMCID: PMC5687764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet has been recognized as an important risk factor of obesity, with variable impacts of different fatty acid compositions on the physiological process. To understand the effects of a high-margarine/lard diet, which is a major source of trans fatty acids (TFAs)/ saturated fatty acids (SFAs), elaidic acid as a biomarker of margarine intake was used to screen affected adipokines on mature human adipocytes in vitro. Weaned male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet enriched with margarine/lard to generate obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) models, which were then used to explore the inflammatory responses of depot-specific white adipose tissue. Adiposity, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters and macrophage cell markers were also compared in vivo. In the subcutaneous depot, a high-margarine diet induced elevated IL-6, MCP-1 and XCL1 expression levels in both M-OP and M-OR groups. High-lard diet-fed rats displayed higher protein expression levels of MCP-1 and XCL1 compared with the control group. In the epididymal depot, significantly elevated IL-6 production was observed in M-OP rats, and high-lard diet-fed rats displayed elevated IL-6 and decreased XCL1 expression. In the retroperitoneal depot, a high-margarine diet caused higher IL-6 and MCP-1 expression levels, a high-lard diet caused elevated IL-6 expression in L-OP/L-OR rats, and elevated XCL1 expression was observed only in L-OP rats. In general, CD206 mRNA levels were notably down-regulated by high-fat diet feeding in the above-mentioned depots. CD11c mRNA levels were slightly upregulated in the subcutaneous depot of OP rats fed a high-margarine/lard diet. In the epidydimal depot, higher expression levels of F4/80 and CD206 mRNA were observed only in high-margarine diet-fed OP rats. These results suggest that depot-specific inflammation with decreased expression of adipose tissue anti-inflammatory M2-type (ATM2) macrophages could be induced by high-margarine/lard intake.
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Suitor K, Payne GW, Sarr O, Abdelmagid S, Nakamura MT, Ma DW, Mutch DM. Neither linoleic acid nor arachidonic acid promote white adipose tissue inflammation in Fads2-/- mice fed low fat diets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:84-91. [PMID: 29031400 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are widely perceived to promote inflammation and contribute to the development of chronic diseases. This dogma has been recently questioned due to evidence that n-6 PUFA, specifically linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), do not appear to activate inflammatory signalling pathways when consumed in moderate amounts. However, delineating the independent roles of different dietary n-6 PUFA in vivo is challenging because LA is continuously converted into AA in a pathway regulated by the fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2) gene. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent roles of LA and AA on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammatory signalling pathways using Fads2-/- mice. We hypothesized that dietary LA would not induce WAT inflammation, unless it was endogenously converted into AA. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and Fads2-/- mice were fed low-fat isocaloric diets containing either 7% corn oil w/w (CD, containing ~42% LA) or 7% ARASCO oil w/w (AD, containing ~27% AA) for 9 weeks. WAT inflammatory gene expression, protein levels, as well as phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid composition, were analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blots, and gas chromatography, respectively. Fads2-/- mice fed CD had high LA, but little-to-no GLA (18:3n-6), DGLA (20:3n-6), and AA in PLs and TAGs compared to their WT counterparts. In comparison, Fads2-/- and WT mice fed AD showed minimal differences in n-6 PUFA content in serum and WAT, despite having significantly more AA than CD-fed mice. No differences in gene expression for common inflammatory adipokines (e.g. Mcp-1, Ccl5, Tnfα) or key regulators of eicosanoid production (e.g. Cox-2, Alox-12, Alox-15) were detected in WAT between any of the diet and genotype groups. Furthermore, no differences in MCP-1, and total or phosphorylated STAT3 and p38 inflammatory proteins, were observed. Collectively, these results demonstrate that neither LA nor AA promote WAT inflammation when consumed as part of a low-fat diet. Therefore, the existing dogma surrounding n-6 PUFA and inflammation needs to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Suitor
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - George W Payne
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Salma Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David Wl Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, Canada N1G2W1.
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14
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Paton CM, Vaughan RA, Selen Alpergin ES, Assadi-Porter F, Dowd MK. Dihydrosterculic acid from cottonseed oil suppresses desaturase activity and improves liver metabolomic profiles of high-fat-fed mice. Nutr Res 2017; 45:52-62. [PMID: 29037332 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diets are thought to provide beneficial effects toward metabolic health in part through their bioactive properties. We hypothesized that increasing PUFA intake in mice would increase peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) expression and activity, and we sought to examine the effect of different PUFA-enriched oils on muscle PPARδ expression. One of the oils we tested was cottonseed oil (CSO) which is primarily linoleic acid (53%) and palmitic acid (24%). Mice fed a CSO-enriched diet (50% energy from fat) displayed no change in muscle PPARδ expression; however, in the liver, it was consistently elevated along with its transcriptional coactivator Pgc-1. Male mice were fed chow or CSO-, saturated fat (SFA)-, or linoleic acid (18:2)-enriched diets that were matched for macronutrient content for 4 weeks. There were no differences in food intake, body weight, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, or energy expenditure between chow- and CSO-fed mice, whereas SFA-fed mice had increased fat mass and 18:2-fed mice were less glucose tolerant. Metabolomic analyses revealed that the livers of CSO-fed mice closely matched those of chow-fed but significantly differed from SFA- and 18:2-enriched groups. Fatty acid composition of the diets and livers revealed an impairment in desaturase activity and the presence of dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA) in the CSO-fed mice. The effect of DHSA on PPARδ and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 expression mimicked that of the CSO-fed mice. Taken together, these data suggest that DHSA from CSO may be an effective means to increase PPARδ expression with concomitant suppression of liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Paton
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Foods & Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Texas Tech University.
| | | | | | | | - Michael K Dowd
- Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA
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15
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Rocha-Rodrigues S, Rodríguez A, Gonçalves IO, Moreira A, Maciel E, Santos S, Domingues MR, Frühbeck G, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Impact of physical exercise on visceral adipose tissue fatty acid profile and inflammation in response to a high-fat diet regimen. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 87:114-124. [PMID: 28438715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies associate specific fatty-acids (FA) with the pathophysiology of inflammation. We aimed to analyze the impact of exercise on adipose tissue FA profile in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) and to ascertain whether these exercise-induced changes in specific FA have repercussions on obesity-related inflammation. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into sedentary, voluntary physical-activity (VPA) and endurance training (ET) groups fed a standard (S, 35kcal% fat) or high-fat (71kcal% fat) diets. VPA-animals had unrestricted access to wheel-running. After 9-wks, ET-animals engaged a running protocol for 8-wks, while maintained dietary treatments. The FA content in epididymal white-adipose tissue (eWAT) triglycerides was analyzed by gas-chromatography and the expression of inflammatory markers was determined using RT-qPCR, Western and slot blotting. RESULTS Eight-wks of ET reversed obesity-related anatomical features. HFD increased plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α content and eWAT monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 protein expression. HFD decreased eWAT content of saturated FA and monounsaturated FA, while increased linoleic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in eWAT. VPA decreased visceral adiposity, adipocyte size and MCP-1 in HFD-fed animals. The VPA and ET interventions diminished palmitoleic acid and increased linoleic acid in HFD-fed groups. Moreover, both interventions increased PGE2 levels in standard diet-fed groups and decreased in HFD. ET increased eWAT fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and elongase 5 (ELOVL5) protein content in both diet types. ET reduced eWAT inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), macrophage recruitment (MCP-1 and F4/80) and increased IL-10/TNF-α ratio in plasma and in eWAT in both diet types. CONCLUSIONS Exercise induced FA-specific changes independently of dietary FA composition, but only ET attenuated the inflammatory response in VAT of HFD-fed rats. Moreover, the exercise-induced FA changes did not correlate with the inflammatory response in VAT of rats submitted to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inês O Gonçalves
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Moreira
- Mass spectrometry Centre, UI-QOPNA Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Mass spectrometry Centre, UI-QOPNA Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Santos
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria R Domingues
- Mass spectrometry Centre, UI-QOPNA Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - António Ascensão
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveDietary fatty acid composition likely affects prediabetic conditions such as isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); however, this risk has not been evaluated in a large population nor has it been followed prospectively.DesignDiet, physical activity, anthropometric, socio-economic and blood glucose data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were obtained from BioLINCC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations of dietary SFA, MUFA, PUFA,n-3 fatty acid (FA) andn-6 FA intakes with incidence of one (isolated IFG) or two (IFG with IGT) prediabetic conditions at the end of 12-year follow-up.SettingStudy volunteers were from counties in North Carolina, Mississippi, Minnesota and Maryland, USA.SubjectsData from 5288 volunteers who participated in the ARIC study were used for all analyses reported herein.ResultsThe study population was 62% male and 84 % white, mean age 53·5 (sd5·7) years and mean BMI 26·2 (sd4·6) kg/m2. A moderately high intake of dietary MUFA (10–15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % reduced risk of isolated IFG incidence, while a high intake ofn-3 FA (>0·15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % increase in risk. Curiously, moderately high intake ofn-6 PUFA (4–5 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 12 % reduction in IFG and IGT incidence.ConclusionsMUFA,n-3 andn-6 FA contribute differently to the development of isolated IFGv. IFG with IGT; and their mechanism may be more complex than originally proposed.
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