Lipid transfers to HDL are diminished in long-term bedridden patients: association with low HDL-cholesterol and increased inflammatory markers

Effects of Omega-3 and Antioxidant Cocktail Supplement on Prolonged Bed Rest: Results from Serum Proteome and Sphingolipids Analysis

Physical inactivity or prolonged bed rest (BR) induces muscle deconditioning in old and young subjects and can increase the cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) with dysregulation of the lipemic profile. Nutritional interventions, combining molecules such as polyphenols, vitamins and essential fatty acids, can influence some metabolic features associated with physical inactivity and decrease the reactive oxidative and nitrosative stress (RONS). The aim of this study was to detect circulating molecules correlated with BR in serum of healthy male subjects enrolled in a 60-day BR protocol to evaluate a nutritional intervention with an antioxidant cocktail as a disuse countermeasure (Toulouse COCKTAIL study). The serum proteome, sphingolipidome and nitrosoproteome were analyzed adopting different mass spectrometry-based approaches. Results in placebo-treated BR subjects indicated a marked decrease of proteins associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) involved in lipemic homeostasis not found in the cocktail-treated BR group. Moreover, long-chain ceramides decreased while sphingomyelin increased in the BR cocktail-treated group. In placebo, the ratio of S-nitrosylated/total protein increased for apolipoprotein D and several proteins were over-nitrosylated. In cocktail-treated BR subjects, the majority of protein showed a pattern of under-nitrosylation, except for ceruloplasmin and hemopexin, which were over-nitrosylated. Collectively, data indicate a positive effect of the cocktail in preserving lipemic and RONS homeostasis in extended disuse conditions.

Androgen deprivation therapy improves the in vitro capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to receive cholesterol and other lipids in patients with prostate carcinoma

Background

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely used in the treatment of testosterone-dependent prostate carcinomas. ADT often increases plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The aim was to test whether ADT changes the transfer of lipids to HDL, an important aspect of this metabolism and HDL protective functions, and related parameters.

Methods

Sixteen volunteers with advanced prostate carcinoma submitted to pharmacological ADT or orchiectomy had plasma collected shortly before and after 6 months of ADT. In vitro transfer of lipids to HDL was performed by incubating plasma with donor emulsion containing radioactive lipids by 1 h at 37 °C. After chemical precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein, the radioactivity of HDL fraction was counted.

Results

ADT reduced testosterone to nearly undetectable levels and markedly diminished PSA. ADT increased the body weight but glycemia, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, HDL lipid composition and CETP concentration were unchanged. However, ADT increased the plasma unesterified cholesterol concentration (48 ± 12 vs 56 ± 12 mg/dL, p = 0.019) and LCAT concentration (7.15 ± 1.81 vs 8.01 ± 1.55μg/mL, p = 0.020). Transfer of unesterified (7.32 ± 1.09 vs 8.18 ± 1.52%, p < 0.05) and esterified cholesterol (6.15 ± 0.69 vs 6.94 ± 1.29%, p < 0.01) and of triglycerides (6.37 ± 0.43 vs 7.18 ± 0.91%, p < 0.001) to HDL were increased after ADT. Phospholipid transfer was unchanged.

Conclusion

Increase in transfer of unesterified and esterified cholesterol protects against cardiovascular disease, as shown previously, and increased LCAT favors cholesterol esterification and facilitates the reverse cholesterol transport. Thus, our results suggest that ADT may offer anti-atherosclerosis protection by improving HDL functional properties. This could counteract, at least partially, the eventual worse effects on plasma lipids.

Fatores associados à condição de acamado em idosos brasileiros: resultado da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados à condição de acamado entre idosos brasileiros, analisando-se condições socioeconômicas e de saúde e utilização de serviços de saúde. Método Estudo transversal com dados secundários provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013). Contou com a população de indivíduos com ≥60 anos (n=11.177). A condição de acamado foi considerada variável dependente e as características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde e utilização de serviços médicos como independentes. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística, e reportada a razão de chance bruta (RCbruta) e ajustada (RCajustada) com o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados Verificou-se que 4,9% dos idosos eram acamados. Essa condição mostrou-se associada ao sexo masculino (RCajustada=1,45; IC95%=1,13-1,84), analfabetismo (RCajustada=1,37; IC95%=1,11-1,70) e quantidade de doenças crônicas, sendo idoso com cinco ou mais doenças crônicas apresentava 4,96 (IC95%=2,78-8,85) mais chances do que os sem doença. As doenças associadas à condição acamado foram: episódio de acidente vascular cerebral (RCajustada=3,03; IC95%=1,29-8,43), diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (RCajustada=1,71; IC95%=1,31-2,24), alterações nos níveis de colesterol (RCajustada=2,08; IC95%=1,37-3,17) e depressão (RCajustada=5,64; IC95%=2,42-13,14). Ainda, idosos que precisaram de atendimento relacionado à própria saúde (RCajustada=16,94; IC95%=7,15-40,16), internamento (RCajustada=8,10; IC95%=4,20-15,54) e atendimento emergencial no domicílio nos últimos 12 meses (RCajustada=1,78; IC95%=4,20-15,54) e que consideraram a condição de saúde geral ruim (RCajustada=2,68; IC95%=2,05-3,51) apresentaram mais chances de ser acamado. Conclusão o estudo permitiu identificar importantes fatores associados à condição acamado de idosos brasileiros com destaque para sexo e escolaridade, as variáveis clínicas de doenças crônicas, e utilização mais frequente de serviços de saúde.