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Hussain M, Khan I, Chaudhary MN, Ali K, Mushtaq A, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Zou X. Phosphatidylserine: A comprehensive overview of synthesis, metabolism, and nutrition. Chem Phys Lipids 2024:105422. [PMID: 39097133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is classified as a glycerophospholipid and a primary anionic phospholipid and is particularly abundant in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. It is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by PtdS synthase-1 and PtdS synthase-2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdS exposure on the outside surface of the cell is essential for eliminating apoptotic cells and initiating the blood clotting cascade. It is also a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine, produced by PtdS decarboxylase in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Furthermore, PtdS acts as a cofactor for several necessary enzymes that participate in signaling pathways. Beyond these functions, several studies indicate that PtdS plays a role in various cerebral functions, including activating membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement associated with the central nervous system (CNS). This review discusses the occurrence of PtdS in nature and biosynthesis via enzymes and genes in plants, yeast, prokaryotes, mammalian cells, and the brain, and enzymatic synthesis through phospholipase D (PLD). Furthermore, we discuss metabolism, its role in the CNS, the fortification of foods, and supplementation for improving some memory functions, the results of which remain unclear. PtdS can be a potentially beneficial addition to foods for kids, seniors, athletes, and others, especially with the rising consumer trend favoring functional foods over conventional pills and capsules. Clinical studies have shown that PtdS is safe and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Khubaib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400711, China.
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Muñoz-Baquero M, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, García-Domínguez X, Valdés-Hernández J, García-Párraga D, Marin C, García-Vázquez FA, Marco-Jiménez F. Proteomic Insights into Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa Proteins of Small-Spotted Catsharks, Scyliorhinus canicula: Implications for Reproductive Conservation in Aquariums. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1281. [PMID: 38731285 PMCID: PMC11083954 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the ex situ conservation of chondrichthyan species, successful reproduction in aquaria is essential. However, these species often exhibit reduced reproductive success under human care. A key aspect is that conventional sperm analyses do not provide insights into the functional competence of sperm. However, proteomics analysis enables a better understanding of male physiology, gaining relevance as a powerful tool for discovering protein biomarkers related to fertility. The present work aims to build the first proteome database for shark semen and to investigate the proteomic profiles of seminal plasma and spermatozoa from small-spotted catsharks (Scyliorhinus canicula) related to the underlying adaptations to both natural and aquarium environments, thereby identifying the reproductive impact in aquarium specimens. A total of 305 seminal plasma and 535 spermatozoa proteins were identified. Among these, 89 proteins (29.2% of the seminal plasma set) were common to both spermatozoa and seminal plasma. In the seminal plasma, only adenosylhomocysteinase protein showed differential abundance (DAP) between wild and aquarium animals. With respect to the spermatozoa proteins, a total of 107 DAPs were found between groups. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis highlighted the primary functional roles of these DAPs involved in oxidoreductase activity. Additionally, KEGG analysis indicated that these DAPs were primarily associated with metabolic pathways and carbon metabolism. In conclusion, we have successfully generated an initial proteome database for S. canicula seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Furthermore, we have identified protein variations, predominantly within spermatozoa, between aquarium and wild populations of S. canicula. These findings provide a foundation for future biomarker discovery in shark reproduction studies. However, additional research is required to determine whether these protein variations correlate with reproductive declines in captive sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Muñoz-Baquero
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (C.M.)
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
| | - Ximo García-Domínguez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
| | - Jesús Valdés-Hernández
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
- Veterinary Services, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L., Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (X.G.-D.); (J.V.-H.)
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3
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Bogevik AS, Krasnov A, Burgerhout E, Berge K, Martinsen I, Hoel E, Erik Dalva L, Kilane S, Eriksen Vold J, Aarhus B, Østbye TKK, Rosenlund G, Morken T. Effect of prolonged feeding of broodstock diet with increased inclusion of essential n-3 fatty acids on maturing and spawning performance in 3-year-old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 348:114434. [PMID: 38142842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) broodstock recruits are normally fed a specialized diet with a higher content of essential nutrients for a limited time period prior to fasting and transfer to freshwater. Typically, this period lasts for about six months, but may vary among producers. Reduced use of marine ingredients in commercial salmon diets during the last decades has affected the content of essential nutrients, such as n-3 long chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, to minimize the risk of losses and implement new breeding achievements faster, breeding companies have shortened the production cycle of broodstock from 4 to 3 years, which may affect the number of fish that are large enough to mature. In the present study, we have extended the broodstock feeding period from 6 to 15 months prior to the freshwater transfer giving a higher content of n-3 LC-PUFA (higher inclusion of marine oils) from February to December (Phase 1), and thereafter a diet with a higher energy content to ensure growth towards the spring and maturation (Phase 2). Four sea cages with approximately 80.000 salmon postsmolt, two sea cages with males and two with females, were given a control diet and an experimental diet. Samples were taken in Phase 1 at start (1.7 kg), mid (3.4 kg) and end Phase 1/start of Phase 2 (8.3 kg), and end of Phase 2 (13.4 kg). The fish were thereafter fasted, and selected fish transferred to landbased freshwater tanks where light and temperature were used to manipulate the spawning time of the fish in two groups (early or late). Due to disease in the facility, measures of egg quality and hatching were only obtained from the early group. During the trial and spawning period, biometrical measurements were recorded, and samples of liver, gonad, fillet and red blood cells (RBC) were collected for fatty acid composition and blood plasma for analysis of lipid and health-related parameters. Samples were also collected for gonadal transcriptomic analysis by microarray and qPCR (end Phase 2) and plasma steroids (end Phase 2, mid maturation and spawning). Males fed the test diet had a larger body size compared to the control group at the end of Phase 2, while no differences were observed between dietary groups for the females. Total mortality in the trial was lower in the test group compared to the control, losses were caused mainly by sea lice treatments, loser fish or cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS). The dietary LC-PUFA levels in the test diet were reflected in the tissues particularly during Phase 1, but only different in the fillet samples and eggs at the end of Phase 2 and at spawning. Plasma sex steroids content increased at mid maturation and showed lower levels of androgens and estrogens in females fed the test diet compared to the control. At the end of Phase 2, transcriptional analysis showed upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes, although not reflected in changes in plasma steroids in Phase 2, indicating changes to come during maturation. The differences in LC-PUFA content in tissues and plasma steroids did not appear to affect fecundity, sperm quality, egg survival or hatching rate, but the test group had larger eggs compared to the control in the early spawner-group. Prolonged feeding of n-3 LC-PUFA to pre-puberty Atlantic salmon broodstock appears to be important for higher survival in challenging sea cage environments and has an effect on sex steroid production that, together with high energy diet during early maturation, cause the test group to produce larger eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eirik Hoel
- Skretting, P.O. Box 319, 4002 Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grethe Rosenlund
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, P.O. Box 48, 4001 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thea Morken
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, P.O. Box 48, 4001 Stavanger, Norway
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Blawut B, Wolfe B, Premanandan C, Schuenemann G, Ludsin SA, Liu SL, Veeramachaneni DNR, Coutinho da Silva MA. Effects of activation and assisted reproduction techniques on the composition, structure, and properties of the sauger (Sander Canadensis) spermatozoa plasma membrane. Theriogenology 2023; 198:87-99. [PMID: 36566603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sperm plasma membrane is a multifunctional organelle essential to fertilization. However, assisted reproduction techniques often negatively affect this structure, resulting in reduced fertility. These reductions have been attributed to plasma membrane damage in a wide array of species, including fish. Considerable research has been conducted on the fish sperm membrane, but few have examined the effect of cryopreservation and other assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) on not only membrane composition, but also specific characteristics (e.g., fluidity) and organization (e.g., lipid rafts). Herein, we determined the effects of three ARTs (testicular harvest, strip spawning, and cryopreservation) on the sperm plasma membrane, using Sauger (Sander canadensis) sperm as a model. To this end, a combination of fluorescent dyes (e.g., merocyanine 540, filipin III, cholera toxin subunit β), liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis of membrane lipids, and membrane ultracentrifugation coupled with plate assays and immunofluorescence were used to describe and compare sperm fluidity, membrane composition, as well as lipid raft composition and distribution among sperm types. Stripped sperm became more fluid following motility activation (40% increase in highly fluid cells characterized by a 2 × increase in fluorescence) and contained lipid rafts restricted to the midpiece. Testicular harvest yielded sperm with characteristics similar to stripped sperm. By contrast, cryopreservation impacted every aspect of membrane physiology. Two cell populations, one highly fluid and the other rigid, resulted from the freeze-thaw process. Cryopreservation reduced lipid raft cholesterol content by 44% and flotilin-2 (a lipid raft marker) was partially displaced owing to a decrease in buoyancy. Unlike stripped and testicular sperm, LC-MS analysis revealed increases in oxidative damage markers, membrane destabilization, and apoptotic signaling in cryopreserved sperm. Ultrastructural analysis also revealed widespread physical damage to the membrane following freeze-thaw. Sperm motility, however, was unrelated to any measure of membrane physiology used in this study. Our results demonstrate that ARTs have the potential to substantially affect the sperm plasma membrane, but not always detrimentally. These results provide multiple potential biomarkers of sperm quality as well as insight into sources of sub-fertility resulting from use of ARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Blawut
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Wolfe
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chris Premanandan
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gustavo Schuenemann
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- The Ohio State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Aquatic Ecology Lab, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, The Infectious Diseases Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D N Rao Veeramachaneni
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marco A Coutinho da Silva
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Columbus, OH, USA.
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de Santis A, Vitiello G, Appavou MS, Scoppola E, Fragneto G, Barnsley LC, Clifton LA, Ottaviani MF, Paduano L, Russo Krauss I, D'Errico G. Not just a fluidifying effect: omega-3 phospholipids induce formation of non-lamellar structures in biomembranes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10425-10438. [PMID: 33165495 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is found in very high concentrations in a few peculiar tissues, suggesting that it must have a specialized role. DHA was proposed to affect the function of the cell membrane and related proteins through an indirect mechanism of action, based on the DHA-phospholipid effects on the lipid bilayer structure. In this respect, most studies have focused on its influence on lipid-rafts, somehow neglecting the analysis of effects on liquid disordered phases that constitute most of the cell membranes, by reporting in these cases only a general fluidifying effect. In this study, by combining neutron reflectivity, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we characterize liquid disordered bilayers formed by the naturally abundant 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and different contents of a di-DHA glycero-phosphocholine, 22:6-22:6PC, from both a molecular/microscopic and supramolecular/mesoscopic viewpoint. We show that, below a threshold concentration of about 40% molar percent, incorporation of 22:6-22:6PC in the membrane increases the lipid dynamics slightly but sufficiently to promote the membrane deformation and increase of multilamellarity. Notably, beyond this threshold, 22:6-22:6PC disfavours the formation of lamellar phases, leading to a phase separation consisting mostly of small spherical particles that coexist with a minority portion of a lipid blob with water-filled cavities. Concurrently, from a molecular viewpoint, the polyunsaturated acyl chains tend to fold and expose the termini to the aqueous medium. We propose that this peculiar tendency is a key feature of the DHA-phospholipids making them able to modulate the local morphology of biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta de Santis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Bogevik AS, Hayman ES, Bjerke MT, Dessen JE, Rørvik KA, Luckenbach JA. Phospholipid and LC-PUFA metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) testes during sexual maturation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233322. [PMID: 32469895 PMCID: PMC7259613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of dietary lipids in male reproduction are not as well understood as in females, in which dietary lipids, such as phospholipids (PL) and associated fatty acids (FA), are important structural components of the eggs and provide energy for their offspring. In mammals, lipids are suggested to be important for spermatogenesis and to structural components of the spermatozoa that could improve fertilization rates. New knowledge of how lipids affect sexual maturation in male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), an important global aquaculture species, could provide tools to delay maturation and/or improve reproductive success. Therefore, changes in testicular composition of lipids and gene transcripts associated with spermatogenesis and lipid metabolism were studied in sexually maturing male salmon compared to immature males and females. An increase in total testis content of FA and PL, and a shift to higher PL composition was observed in maturing males, concomitant with increases in mRNA levels for genes involved in spermatogenesis, FA uptake and synthesis, and production of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and PL. A particularly interesting finding was elevated testis expression of acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (acsl4), and acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (acot2), critical enzymes that regulate intra-mitochondrial levels of 20:4n-6 FA (arachidonic acid), which have been associated with improved cholesterol transport during steroidogenesis. This suggested that FA may have direct effects on sex steroid production in salmon. Furthermore, we observed increased testis expression of genes for endogenous synthesis of 16:0 and elongation/desaturation to 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) in sexually maturing males relative to immature fish. Both of these FA are important structural components of the PL, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and were elevated concomitant with increases in the content of phosphatidic acid, an important precursor for PC, in maturing males compared to immature fish. Overall, this study suggests that, similar to mammals, lipids are important to spermatogenesis and serve as structural components during testicular growth and maturation in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward S. Hayman
- Ocean Associates Inc., Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kjell-Arne Rørvik
- Division Aquaculture, Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - J. Adam Luckenbach
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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Engel KM, Dzyuba V, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Dannenberger D, Schiller J, Steinbach C, Dzyuba B. Sperm Lipid Composition in Early Diverged Fish Species: Internal vs. External Mode of Fertilization. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020172. [PMID: 31979037 PMCID: PMC7072473 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of sperm membranes is crucial for fertilization and differs among species. As the evolution of internal fertilization modes in fishes is not understood, a comparative study of the sperm lipid composition in freshwater representatives of externally and internally fertilizing fishes is needed for a better understanding of taxa-specific relationships between the lipid composition of the sperm membrane and the sperm physiology. The lipidomes of spermatozoa from stingray, a representative of cartilaginous fishes possessing internal fertilization, and sterlet, a representative of chondrostean fishes with external fertilization, have been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray MS, gas chromatography-(GC) MS, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). NMR experiments revealed higher cholesterol content and the presence of phosphatidylserine in stingray compared to sterlet sperm. Unknown MS signals could be assigned to different glycosphingolipids in sterlet (neutral glycosphingolipid Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)) and stingray (acidic glycosphingolipid sulpho-Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)). Free fatty acids in sterlet sperm indicate internal energy storage. GC-MS experiments indicated a significant amount of adrenic acid, but only a low amount of docosahexaenoic acid in stingray sperm. In a nutshell, this study provides novel data on sperm lipid composition for freshwater stingray and sterlet possessing different modes of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M. Engel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-97-15708
| | - Viktoriya Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Centre for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (V.D.); (C.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory—LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; (A.N.-S.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory—LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; (A.N.-S.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Lipid Metabolism and Muscular Adaptation Workgroup, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Centre for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (V.D.); (C.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, South Bohemian Research Centre for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (V.D.); (C.S.); (B.D.)
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8
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Dzyuba V, Sampels S, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Kahanec M, Veríssimo-Silveira R, Rodina M, Cosson J, Boryshpolets S, Selinger M, Sterba J, Dzyuba B. Sperm motility and lipid composition in internally fertilizing ocellate river stingray Potamotrygon motoro. Theriogenology 2019; 130:26-35. [PMID: 30856412 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
All extant groups of Elasmobranches have internal fertilization and the structure of the male reproductive organs is very specific: sperm passes from the internal organs via the cloaca, but the male copulating organ (clasper) is distant from the cloaca. This suggests that sperm can contact the surrounding medium before fertilization. Because of this involvement with the environment, external signaling in sperm motility activation could occur in these species even though their fertilization mode is internal. In this case, spermatozoa of Elasmobranches should hypothetically possess a specific structure and membrane lipid composition which supports physiological functions of the sperm associated with environmental tonicity changes occurring at fertilization. Additionally, sperm motility properties in these taxa are poorly understood. The current study examined sperm lipid composition and motility under different environmental conditions for the ocellate river stingray, Potamotrygon motoro, an endemic South America freshwater species. Sperm samples were collected from six mature males during the natural spawning period. Sperm motility was examined in seminal fluid and fresh water by light video microscopy. Helical flagellar motion was observed in seminal fluid and resulted in spermatozoon progression; however, when diluted in fresh water, spermatozoa were immotile and had compromised structure. Lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition of spermatozoa was analyzed by thin layer and gas chromatography. Spermatozoa FAs consisted of 33 ± 1% saturated FAs, 28 ± 1% monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and 41 ± 1% polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and a high content of n-6 FAs (32 ± 2%) was measured. These results allowed us to conclude that sperm transfer from P. motoro male into female should occur without coming into contact with the hypotonic environment so as to preserve potent motility. In addition, this unusual reproductive strategy is associated with specific spermatozoa structure and lipid composition. Low level of docosahexaenoic acid and relatively low PUFA/MUFA ratio probably account for the relatively low fluidity of freshwater stingray membrane and can be the main reason for its low tolerance to hypotonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, PO Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biology and Zootechny, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory - LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Kahanec
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biology and Zootechny, Neotropical Ichthyology Laboratory - LINEO, Monção Street, 226, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marek Rodina
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jacky Cosson
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sergii Boryshpolets
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Selinger
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sterba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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9
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Blecha M, Dzyuba B, Boryshpolets S, Horokhovatskyi Y, Dadras H, Malinovskyi O, Sampels S, Policar T. Spermatozoa quality and sperm lipid composition in intensively cultured and wild burbot (Lota lota). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 198:129-136. [PMID: 30270125 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the spermatozoa quality parameters in spermatozoa of RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System; RAS group) cultured (commercial pellets) and natural condition cultured (WILD group) burbot Lota lota (live prey, Pseudorasbora parva). Seven of nine fish of the RAS group produced sperm, with sperm from only four of the fish having a motility of >5%. Sperm were collected from all nine fish of the WILD group, and sperm of six of the fish from the WILD group had motility of about 100% and three had sperm with 50% to 60% motility. Spermatozoa from the RAS group had a delay in activation compared to the WILD group. Fish from the RAS group also had a lesser volume of sperm (1.8 ± 1.2 mL) collected compared to the WILD group (3.6 ± 1.2 mL). Compared to the RAS group, sperm of the WILD group had a greater proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA), as well as the phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. The findings indicate that fish grown in natural conditions may be more suitable as broodstock. Ongoing research to develop methods of enhancing reproductive performance of burbot broodstock cultured in RAS is needed to investigate whether the quality of sperm can be improved by adjusting environmental conditions, diet, or combination of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Blecha
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sergii Boryshpolets
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Yevhen Horokhovatskyi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Hadiseh Dadras
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Malinovskyi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, PO Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomáš Policar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi, 728, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
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10
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Lin X, Lorent JH, Skinkle AD, Levental KR, Waxham MN, Gorfe AA, Levental I. Domain Stability in Biomimetic Membranes Driven by Lipid Polyunsaturation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11930-11941. [PMID: 27797198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes contain a broad variety of lipid species whose individual physicochemical properties and collective interactions ultimately determine membrane organization. A key aspect of the organization of cellular membranes is their lateral subdivision into domains of distinct structure and composition. The most widely studied membrane domains are lipid rafts, which are the biological manifestations of liquid-ordered phases that form in sterol-containing membranes. Detailed studies of biomimetic membrane mixtures have yielded wide-ranging insights into the physical principles behind lipid rafts; however, these simplified models do not fully capture the diversity and complexity of the mammalian lipidome, most notably in their exclusion of polyunsaturated lipids. Here, we assess the role of lipid acyl chain unsaturation as a driving force for phase separation using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations validated by model membrane experiments. The clear trends in our observations and good qualitative agreements between simulations and experiments support the conclusions that highly unsaturated lipids promote liquid-liquid domain stability by enhancing the differences in cholesterol content and lipid chain order between the coexisting domains. These observations reveal the important role of noncanonical biological lipids in the physical properties of membranes, showing that lipid polyunsaturation is a driving force for liquid-liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Allison D Skinkle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Alemayehu A Gorfe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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11
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Reis DB, Acosta NG, Almansa E, Tocher DR, Andrade JP, Sykes AV, Rodríguez C. Composition and metabolism of phospholipids in Octopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis hatchlings. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 200:62-8. [PMID: 27267253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterise the fatty acid (FA) profiles of the major phospholipids, of Octopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis hatchlings, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); and to evaluate the capability of both cephalopod species on dietary phospholipid remodelling. Thus, O. vulgaris and S. officinalis hatchlings were in vivo incubated with 0.3μM of L-∝-1-palmitoyl-2-[1-(14)C]arachidonyl-PC or L-∝-1-palmitoyl-2-[1-(14)C]arachidonyl-PE. Octopus and cuttlefish hatchlings phospholipids showed a characteristic FA profiles with PC presenting high contents of 16:0 and 22:6n-3 (DHA); PS having high 18:0, DHA and 20:5n-3 (EPA); PI a high content of saturated FA; and PE showing high contents of DHA and EPA. Interestingly, the highest content of 20:4n-6 (ARA) was found in PE rather than PI. Irrespective of the phospholipid in which [1-(14)C]ARA was initially bound (either PC or PE), the esterification pattern of [1-(14)C]ARA in octopus lipids was similar to that found in their tissues with high esterification of this FA into PE. In contrast, in cuttlefish hatchlings [1-(14)C]ARA was mainly recovered in the same phospholipid that was provided. These results showed a characteristic FA profiles in the major phospholipids of the two species, as well as a contrasting capability to remodel dietary phospholipids, which may suggest a difference in phospholipase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B Reis
- CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Vía Espaldón s/n, Dársena pesquera, Parcela no 8, CP: 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Nieves G Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Vía Espaldón s/n, Dársena pesquera, Parcela no 8, CP: 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - José P Andrade
- CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - António V Sykes
- CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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12
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Lor C, Hirst LS. Effects of Low Concentrations of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Structure and Phase Behavior of Model Lipid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:857-74. [PMID: 26690231 PMCID: PMC4704016 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report an X-ray diffraction study on the phase behavior of binary lipid mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DHA-PE) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at low concentrations below 5.0 mol% DHA-PE. Our results show that DHA-PE induces phase separation into a DHA rich liquid crystalline (Lα) phase and a DHA poor gel (Lβ') phase at overall DHA-PE concentrations as low as 0.1 mol%. In addition, we find that the structure of the Lβ' phase, from which the DHA-PE molecules are largely excluded, is modified in the phase-separated state at low DHA-PE concentrations, with a decrease in bilayer thickness of 1.34 nm for 0.1 mol% at room temperature, compared to pure DPPC bilayers. This result is contrary to that seen in similar studies on mono-unsaturated lipids where an increase in bilayer thickness is observed. The surprising effect of such low DHA-PE concentrations on membrane structure may be important in understanding the role of highly polyunsaturated lipids in biological membrane-based structures and similar artificial surfactant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Lor
- Bioengineering and Small Scale Technologies, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Linda S Hirst
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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13
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Miwa K, Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Katakura M, Shido O. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the initial stage of amyloid β1-42 polymerization by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2013.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Martínez-Páramo S, Diogo P, Dinis M, Herráez M, Sarasquete C, Cabrita E. Incorporation of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to the extender media to enhance antioxidant system of cryopreserved sea bass sperm. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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15
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Beirão J, Zilli L, Vilella S, Cabrita E, Schiavone R, Herráez MP. Improving Sperm Cryopreservation with Antifreeze Proteins: Effect on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Plasma Membrane Lipids1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:59. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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16
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Sautot P, Tarek M, Stébé MJ, Paris C, Arab-Tehrany E, Linder M. Structural, hydration, and phase transition properties of phosphatidylcholine from salmon heads. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid–cholesterol interactions: Domain formation in membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Käkelä R, Mattila M, Hermansson M, Haimi P, Uphoff A, Paajanen V, Somerharju P, Vornanen M. Seasonal acclimatization of brain lipidome in a eurythermal fish (Carassius carassius) is mainly determined by temperature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R1716-28. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00883.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crucian carp ( Carassius carassius) is an excellent vertebrate model for studies on temperature adaptation in biological excitable membranes, since the species can tolerate temperatures from 0 to +36°C. To determine how temperature affects the lipid composition of brain, the fish were acclimated for 4 wk at +30, +16, or +4°C in the laboratory, or seasonally acclimatized individuals were captured from the wild throughout the year (temperature = +1 to +23°C), and the brain glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid compositions were analyzed in detail by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Numerous significant temperature-related changes were found in the molecular species composition of the membrane lipids. The most notable and novel finding was a large (∼3-fold) increase of the di-22:6n-3 phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine species in the cold. Since the increase of 22:6n-3 in the total fatty acyl pool of the brain was small, the formation of di-22:6n-3 aminophospholipid species appears to be a specific adaptation to low temperature. Such highly unsaturated species could be needed to maintain adequate membrane fluidity in the vicinity of transporters and other integral membrane proteins. Plasmalogens increased somewhat at higher temperatures, possibly to protect membranes against oxidation. The modifications of brain lipidome during the 4-wk laboratory acclimation were, in many respects, similar to those found in the wild, which indicates that the seasonal changes observed in the wild are temperature dependent rather than induced by other environmental factors.
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19
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King MD, Rea LD, Kennish JM. Chlorinated fatty acids in lipid class fractions from cardiac and skeletal muscle of Chinook salmon. Lipids 2006; 41:1133-40. [PMID: 17269559 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of chlorinated fatty acids (CFA) in tissues can be difficult because of their low concentrations. This task becomes even more difficult when samples are from organisms living in remote locations with very little exposure to environmental contamination. Therefore, enrichment of CFA is necessary prior to analysis. In this study, CFA were enriched from fractionated lipid classes of cardiac and skeletal muscle of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to determine CFA distribution among lipid classes and tissue types and to demonstrate the sensitivity of this method to detect CFA at trace concentrations. The lipids extracted from cardiac and skeletal muscle of O. tshawytscha were separated into fractions containing TAG, FFA, and phospholipids. After transesterification, the FAME derivatives from each lipid class were analyzed by GC with a halogen-selective detector (XSD) to determine the concentrations of dichlorostearic acid and dichloropalmitic acid. Other chlorinated compounds detected by GC-XSD were analyzed by GC-MS. CFA were observed in all lipid classes in both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues. However, the highest concentrations of CFA were found in the phospholipids of both tissue types, about 1-2 mg/g lipid. It was also shown that dichloropalmitic acid concentrated in cardiac phospholipids whereas dichlorostearic acid was found primarily in the phospholipids of skeletal tissue. CFA concentrations in TAG and FFA fractions were below 150 mg/g lipid. This study demonstrates a small-scale approach to the study of CFA at trace concentrations and their distribution among lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
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20
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Brouwers JFHM, Gadella BM. In situ detection and localization of lipid peroxidation in individual bovine sperm cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35:1382-91. [PMID: 14642386 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in many pathologies, including sub- and infertility. Freeze/thawing of sperm samples is routinely performed in the cattle breeding industries in order to perform artificial insemination. This freeze/thaw procedure is known to induce ROS in sperm samples. Lipid peroxidation in fresh and frozen/thawed sperm cells was assessed by mass spectrometric analysis of the main endogenous phospholipid class, phosphatidylcholine, and by fluorescence techniques using the lipid peroxidation reporter probe C11-BODIPY(581/591). Peroxidation as reported by the fluorescent probe, clearly corresponded with the presence of hydroxy- and hydroperoxyphosphatidylcholine in the sperm membranes, which are early stage products of lipid peroxidation. This allowed us, for the first time, to correlate endogenous lipid peroxidation with localization of this process in living sperm cells. Lipid peroxidation was particularly strong in the midpiece and tail of frozen/thawed spermatozoa and significantly less intense in the head. Induction of peroxidation in fresh sperm cells with the lipid soluble ROS tert-butylhydroperoxide gave an even more pronounced effect, demonstrating antioxidant activity in the head of fresh sperm cells. Furthermore, we were able to show that spontaneous peroxidation was not a result of cell death, as only a pronounced subpopulation of living cells showed peroxidation after freeze/thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos F H M Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with 22-carbons and 6 double bonds is the extreme example of an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). DHA has strong medical implications since its dietary presence has been positively linked to the prevention of numerous human afflictions including cancer and heart disease. The PUFA, moreover, is essential to neurological function. It is remarkable that one simple molecule has been reported to affect so many seemingly unrelated biological processes. Although details of a molecular mode of action remain elusive, DHA must be acting at a fundamental level common to many tissues that is related to the high degree of conformational flexibility that the multiple double bonds have been identified to confer. One likely target for DHA action is at the cell membrane where the fatty acid is known to readily incorporate into membrane phospholipids. Once esterified into phospholipids DHA has been demonstrated to significantly alter many basic properties of membranes including acyl chain order and "fluidity", phase behavior, elastic compressibility, permeability, fusion, flip-flop and protein activity. It is concluded that DHA's interaction with other membrane lipids, particularly cholesterol, may play a prominent role in modulating the local structure and function of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stillwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132, USA.
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22
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Tanaka T, Iwawaki D, Sakamoto M, Takai Y, Morishige JI, Murakami K, Satouchi K. Mechanisms of accumulation of arachidonate in phosphatidylinositol in yellowtail. A comparative study of acylation systems of phospholipids in rat and the fish species Seriola quinqueradiata. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:1466-73. [PMID: 12654002 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is known that phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) contains abundant arachidonate and is composed mainly of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl species in mammals. We investigated if this characteristic of PtdIns applies to the PtdIns from yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), a marine fish. In common with phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) from brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and ovary, the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid was docosahexaenoic acid, and levels of arachidonic acid were less than 4.5% (PtdCho), 7.5% (PtdEtn) and 3.0% (PtdSer) in these tissues. In striking contrast, arachidonic acid made up 17.6%, 31.8%, 27.8%, 26.1%, 25.4% and 33.5% of the fatty acid composition of PtdIns from brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and ovary, respectively. The most abundant molecular species of PtdIns in all these tissues was 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl. Assay of acyltransferase in liver microsomes of yellowtail showed that arachidonic acid was incorporated into PtdIns more effectively than docosahexaenoic acid and that the latter inhibited incorporation of arachidonic acid into PtdCho without inhibiting the utilization of arachidonic acid for PtdIns. This effect of docosahexaenoic acid was not observed in similar experiments using rat liver microsomes and is thought to contribute to the exclusive utilization of arachidonic acid for acylation to PtdIns in yellowtail. Inositolphospholipids and their hydrolysates are known to act as signaling molecules in cells. The conserved hydrophobic structure of PtdIns (the 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl moiety) may have physiological significance not only in mammals but also in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Japan.
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Bell MV, Dick JR, Porter AE. Biosynthesis and tissue deposition of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Lipids 2001; 36:1153-9. [PMID: 11768160 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing ca. 5 g and previously acclimated for 8 wk on a diet comprising vegetable oil (11%), fish meal (5%), and casein (48%) as the major constituents were fed a pulse of diet containing deuterated (D5) (17,17,18,18,18)-18:3n-3 ethyl ester. The synthesis and tissue distribution of D5-22:6n-3 was determined 3, 7, 14, 24, and 35 d after the pulse. The whole-body accumulation of D5-22:6n-3 was linear over the first 7 d, corresponding to a rate of 0.54 +/- 0.12 microg D5-22:6n-3/g fish/mg D5-18:3n-3 eaten/d. Maximal accretion of D5-22:6n-3 was 4.3 +/- 1.2 microg/g fish/mg of D5-18:3n-3 eaten after 14 d. The amount of D5-22:6n-3 peaked in liver at day 7, in brain and eyes at day 24, and plateaued after day 14 in visceral and eye socket adipose tissue and in the whole fish. The majority of D5-22:6n-3 was found in the carcass (remaining tissues minus the above tissues analyzed separately) at all times. On a per milligram lipid basis, liver and eyes had the highest concentration of D5-22:6n-3. The experimental diet also contained 21:4n-6 ethyl ester as a marker to estimate the amount of food eaten by individual fish. From such estimates it was calculated that the great majority of the D5-tracer was catabolized, with the combined recovery of D5-18:3n-3 plus D5-22:6n-3 being 2.6%. The recovery of 21:4n-6 was 57.6%. The concentration of 22:6n-3 in the fish decreased during the 13-wk period, and the amount of 22:6n-3 synthesized from 18:3n-3 was only about 5% of that obtained directly from the fish meal in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Bell
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Tanaka T, Morishige J, Takimoto T, Takai Y, Satouchi K. Metabolic characterization of sciadonic acid (5c,11c,14c-eicosatrienoic acid) as an effective substitute for arachidonate of phosphatidylinositol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:4928-39. [PMID: 11559362 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sciadonic acid (20:3 Delta-5,11,14) is an n-6 series trienoic acid that lacks the Delta8 double bond of arachidonic acid. This fatty acid is not converted to arachidonic acid in higher animals. In this study, we characterized the metabolic behavior of sciadonic acid in the process of acylation to phospholipid of HepG2 cells. One of the characteristics of fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in sciadonic acid-supplemented cells is a higher proportion of sciadonic acid in phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) (27.4%) than in phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) (23.2%), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) (17.3%) and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) (20.1%). Similarly, the proportion of arachidonic acid was higher in PtdIns (35.8%) than in PtdEtn (29.1%), PtdSer (18.2%) and PtdCho (20.2%) in arachidonic-acid-supplemented cells. The extensive accumulation of sciadonic acid in PtdIns resulted in the enrichment of newly formed 1-stearoyl-2-sciadonoyl molecular species (38%) in PtdIns and caused the reduction in the level of pre-existing arachidonic-acid-containing molecular species. The kinetics of incorporation of sciadonic acid to PtdEtn, PtdSer and PtdIns of cells were similar to those of arachidonic acid. In contrast to sciadonic acid, neither eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 Delta-5,8,11,14,17) nor juniperonic acid (20:4 Delta-5,11,14,17) accumulated in the PtdIns fraction. Rather, these n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, once incorporated into PtdIns, tended to be excluded from PtdIns. In addition, the level of arachidonic-acid-containing PtdIns molecular species remained unchanged by eicosapentaenoic-acid-supplementation. These results suggest that sciadonic acid or sciadonic-acid-containing glycerides are metabolized in a similar manner to arachidonic acid or arachidonic-acid-containing glyceride in the biosynthesis of PtdIns and that sciadonic acid can effectively modify the molecular species composition of PtdIns in HepG2 cells. In this regard, sciadonic acid will be an interesting experimental tool to clarify the significance of arachidonic acid-residue of PtdIns-origin bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Japan
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Delton-Vandenbroucke I, Maude MB, Chen H, Aguirre GD, Acland GM, Anderson RE. Effect of diet on the fatty acid and molecular species composition of dog retina phospholipids. Lipids 1998; 33:1187-93. [PMID: 9930404 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-998-0322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dogs were born to mothers fed commercial diets low or enriched in n-3 fatty acids and raised on those diets until they were about 50 d old. Retinas were removed, lipids were extracted, and total phospholipids were analyzed for fatty acid and molecular species composition. Animals from the low n-3 group had significantly lower retinal levels of 22:6n-3 and higher levels of n-6 fatty acids, especially 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6. There was no difference in the retinal levels of 18:2n-6, and only small differences were found in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The most dramatic differences in molecular species occurred in 22:6n-3-22:6n-3 (4.7 vs. 0.8%) and 18:0-22:6n-3 (27.6 vs. 14.4%); total molecular species containing 22:6n-3 were significantly lower in the low n-3 group (45.5 vs. 24.0%). Molecular species containing 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 were greater in the low n-3 animals (13.0 vs. 25.7%), as were molecular species containing only saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (40.8 vs. 35.4%). These results show that modest differences in the amount of n-3 fatty acids in the diets of dogs can have profound effects on the fatty acid and molecular species composition of their retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Delton-Vandenbroucke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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