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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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2
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Determination of Glycerophospholipids in Biological Material Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detector HPLC-CAD-A New Approach for Isolation and Quantification. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103356. [PMID: 35630833 PMCID: PMC9146369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The method of using high-performance liquid chromatography with a charged aerosol detector method (HPLC-CAD) was developed for the separation and determination of phospholipids isolated from cell membranes. The established cell lines—normal and neoplastic prostate cells and normal skin fibroblasts and melanoma cells—were selected for the study. Chromatographic separation was performed in the diol stationary phase using a gradient elution based on a mixture of n-hexane, isopropanol and water with the addition of triethylamine and acetic acid as buffer additives. Taking the elements of the Folch and Bligh–Dyer methods, an improved procedure for lipid isolation from biological material was devised. Ultrasound-assisted extraction included three extraction steps and changed the composition of the extraction solvent, which led to higher recovery of the tested phospholipids. This method was validated by assessing the analytical range, precision, intermediate precision and accuracy. The analytical range was adjusted to the expected concentrations in cell extracts of various origins (from 40 µg/mL for PS up to 10 mg/mL for PC). Both precision and intermediate precision were at a similar level and ranged from 3.5% to 9.0%. The recovery for all determined phospholipids was found to be between 95% and 110%. The robustness of the method in terms of the use of equivalent columns was also confirmed. Due to the curvilinear response of CAD, the quantification was based on an internal standard method combined with a power function transformation of the normalized peak areas, allowing the linearization of the signal with an R2 greater than 0.996. The developed method was applied for the isolation and determination of glycerophospholipids from cell membranes, showing that the profile of the tested substances was characteristic of various types of cells. This method can be used to assess changes in metabolism between normal cells and neoplastic cells or cells with certain pathologies or genetic changes.
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Yasuda S, Yamamoto Y. Highly efficient preparation of 1-lysophosphatidylcholine via high proportion of Novozym® 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica)-catalyzed ethanolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00505. [PMID: 32760663 PMCID: PMC7393457 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine was prepared via Novozym® 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica)-catalyzed ethanolysis. Novozym® 435 showed sn-1 regiospecificity to phosphatidylcholine. The water content of ethanol and high enzyme dose were key determinants of yields. The yield of 1-LPC at optimal reaction conditions was 96.5 ± 0.2 mol%. No acyl migration occurred during the reaction.
Efficient preparation methods for 1-lysophosphatidylcholine (1-LPC), a physiologically important compound, are lacking. Here, we established a method for 1-LPC preparation via Novozym® 435 (a lipase B from Candida antarctica)-catalyzed ethanolysis. Novozym® 435 showed sn-1 regiospecificity to phosphatidylcholine, although it does not exhibit regiospecificity to triacylglycerol. In particular, quantitative 1-LPC yields (96.5 ± 0.2 mol%) were reliably obtained in the presence of Novozym® 435 (100 wt% of PC), 97 % ethanol, in 72 h at 40 °C. During the reaction, acyl migration from 1-LPC to 2-LPC was rare. This novel synthetic method is expected to expand the practical applications of 1-LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayumi Yasuda
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-cho, 5562, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-cho, 5562, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Cai ZZ, Wang HF, Li WZ, Lee WJ, Li W, Wang Y, Wang Y. Preparation of l-α-glyceryl phosphorylcholine by hydrolysis of soy lecithin using phospholipase A1 in a novel solvent-free water in oil system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Wang X, Qin X, Li X, Zhao Z, Yang B, Wang Y. An Efficient Synthesis of Lysophosphatidylcholine Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Immobilized MAS1 Lipase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:242-249. [PMID: 31668065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with many beneficial effects was effectively synthesized by immobilized MAS1 lipase-catalyzed esterification of n-3 PUFA with sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (GPC) under vacuum in a solvent-free system. Immobilized MAS1 lipase was found to be a more suitable catalyst for the production of n-3 PUFA-rich LPC when compared with Novozym 435. The maximal GPC conversion and LPC content (93.12% and 90.77 mol %) were obtained under the optimized conditions (enzyme loading of 300 U/g substrate, temperature of 55 °C, and n-3 PUFA/GPC molar ratio of 20:1). Moreover, it was observed that 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-lysophosphatidylcholine (sn-1 acyl LPC) was the main reaction product, as demonstrated by molecular docking. These results showed that immobilized MAS1 lipase had high phospholipase activity with a predominant specificity for the sn-1 hydroxyl position of GPC to efficiently synthesize highly pure n-3 PUFA-rich LPC from GPC for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Putian University , Putian 351100 , P. R. China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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6
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Sugasini D, Subbaiah PV. Rate of acyl migration in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is dependent upon the nature of the acyl group. Greater stability of sn-2 docosahexaenoyl LPC compared to the more saturated LPC species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187826. [PMID: 29117232 PMCID: PMC5678866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies reported that sn-2 acyl lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) undergo rapid isomerization due to acyl migration, especially at physiological pH and temperature. However, these studies have been carried out using mostly sn-2 palmitoyl LPC, whereas the naturally occurring sn-2 LPCs are predominantly unsaturated. In this study, we investigated the acyl migration in four naturally occurring sn-2 acyl LPCs (sn-2 16:0, sn-2 18:1, sn-2 20:4, and sn-2 22:6) stored at various temperatures in aqueous or organic solvents, employing LC/MS to analyze the isomer composition. At 37°C and pH 7.4, the order of acyl migration rates (from sn-2 to sn-1) in aqueous buffer was 16:0 LPC> 18:1 LPC> 20:4 LPC> 22:6 LPC. The rate of isomerization of sn-2 16:0 LPC was 2–5 times greater than that of sn-2 22:6 under these conditions. Complexing the LPCs to serum albumin accelerated the acyl migration of all species, but sn-2 22:6 LPC was least affected by the presence of albumin. The migration rates were lower at lower temperatures (22°C, 4°C, and -20°C), but the differences between the LPC species persisted. All the sn-2 acyl LPCs were more stable in organic solvent (chloroform: methanol, 2:1 v/v), but the effect of the acyl groups on acyl migration was evident in the solvent also, at all temperatures. Storage of sn-2 22:6 LPC at -20°C for 4 weeks in the organic solvent resulted in about 10% isomerization, compared to 55% isomerization for sn-2 16:0. These results show that the sn-2 polyunsaturated LPCs can be stored at -20°C or below for several days without appreciable isomerization. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the sn-2 polyunsaturated LPCs generated in vivo are much more stable under physiological conditions than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Papasani V. Subbaiah
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Non-target analysis of phospholipid and sphingolipid species in egg yolk using liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Tan G, Tian Y, Addy M, Cheng Y, Xie Q, Zhang B, Liu Y, Chen P, Ruan R. Structural analysis of phosphatidylcholine using a thin layer chromatography‐based method. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Tan
- Department of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Yinggang Tian
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangP.R. China
| | - Min Addy
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- Biochemical Engineering CollegeBeijing Union UniversityBeijingP.R. China
| | - Qinglong Xie
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass ConversionNanchang UniversityNanchangP.R. China
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Department of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass ConversionNanchang UniversityNanchangP.R. China
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9
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Walczak J, Bocian S, Trziszka T, Buszewski B. Hyphenated Analytical Methods in Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Hen's Eggs. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:201-12. [PMID: 26186292 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1023428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hen's egg is a complete material needed for the development of the embryo; it is an important source of nutraceutical compounds, such as protein, fats, vitamins, trace metals, and minerals. Moreover, avian egg contains biologically active compounds that exhibit antibacterial and antimicrobial activities as well as antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulating, and therapeutic properties. Eggs are mostly very good sources of valuable, easily digestible proteins. This review focuses on the biologically active compounds from hen's egg and applications of these compounds in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, it gives an overview of the hyphenated separation techniques, including sample preparation, analysis, and identification, used in the proteomics and lipidomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Walczak
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Trziszka
- b Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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10
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Kiełbowicz G, Chojnacka A, Gliszczyńska A, Gładkowski W, Kłobucki M, Niezgoda N, Wawrzeńczyk C. Positional analysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine via LC with a charged aerosol detector. Talanta 2015; 141:137-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Niezgoda N, Gliszczyńska A, Gładkowski W, Kempińska K, Wietrzyk J, Wawrzeńczyk C. Phosphatidylcholine with cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Studies. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines with cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were synthesized in high yields (75–99 %). The in vitro cytotoxic activities of these compounds against three human cancer cell lines (HL-60, MCF-7, and HT-29) were evaluated. The results revealed that there are differences in the activity between phosphatidylcholine with cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA acyl groups. 1,2-Di(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was the most potent cytotoxic agent among all tested CLA derivatives and its IC50 (concentration of a compound that inhibits the proliferation of 50 % of the cancer cell population) was 29.4 µM against HL-60. Moreover, phosphatidylcholines with CLA acyls exhibited much lower cytotoxicity against non-cancer cells (Balb/3T3) than free CLA isomers.
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12
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Two-Dimensional High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Phosphatidylcholine Analysis in Egg Yolk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Nilsson AK, Johansson ON, Fahlberg P, Steinhart F, Gustavsson MB, Ellerström M, Andersson MX. Formation of oxidized phosphatidylinositol and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid containing acylated phosphatidylglycerol during the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 101:65-75. [PMID: 24559746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant membranes are composed of a wide array of polar lipids. The functionality of these extends far beyond a pure structural role. Membrane lipids function as enzyme co-factors, establish organelle identity and as substrates for enzymes such as lipases and lipoxygenases. Enzymatic degradation or oxidation (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) of membrane lipids leads to the formation of a diverse group of bioactive compounds. Plant defense reactions provoked by pathogenic microorganisms are often associated with substantial modifications of the lipidome. In this study, we profiled changes in phospholipids during the hypersensitive response triggered by recognition of the bacterial effector protein AvrRpm1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. A simple and robust LC-MS based method for profiling plant lipids was designed to separate all the major species of glycerolipids extracted from Arabidopsis leaf tissue. The method efficiently separated several isobaric and near isobaric lipid species, which otherwise are difficult to quantify in direct infusion based profiling. In addition to the previously reported OPDA-containing galactolipids found to be induced during hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis, three OPDA-containing sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol species, one phosphatidylinositol species as well as two acylated OPDA-containing phosphatidylglycerol species were found to accumulate during the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis. Our study confirms and extends on the notion that the hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis triggers a unique profile of Allene Oxide Synthase dependent oxidation of membrane lipids. Primary targets of this oxidation seem to be uncharged and anionic lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oskar N Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Fahlberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Feray Steinhart
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael B Gustavsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mats Ellerström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Meng X, Pan Q, Ding Y, Jiang L. Rapid determination of phospholipid content of vegetable oils by FTIR spectroscopy combined with partial least-square regression. Food Chem 2014; 147:272-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Kiełbowicz G, Micek P, Wawrzeńczyk C. A new liquid chromatography method with charge aerosol detector (CAD) for the determination of phospholipid classes. Application to milk phospholipids. Talanta 2013; 105:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Wang X. Enzymatic preparation ofL-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine in an aqueous medium. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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A simple method for positional analysis of phosphatidylcholine. Food Chem 2012; 135:2542-8. [PMID: 22980840 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple and fast method of positional analysis of fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from egg-yolk and soy has been elaborated. The key step of the procedure was complete ethanolysis of PC catalyzed by sn-1,3 specific lipase from Mucor miehei (Lipozyme). 2-Acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (2-acyl LPC), fatty acids ethyl esters (FAEEs) and free fatty acids (FAs) were formed in this process. No acyl migration was observed during the reaction. The products were entirely separated from the products mixture by simple extraction in water:hexane (2:3 v/v) system. The hexane fraction containing free FAs and FAEEs was treated with BF(3)/Et(2)O in ethanol to obtain only FAEEs. The analysis of FAEEs by GC gave the composition of the FAs in the sn-1 position of the PC. 2-Acyl LPC from water fraction after precipitation in cold (-20°C) acetone was converted into FAEEs and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to determine FAs composition in the sn-2 position of the PC.
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18
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Kiełbowicz G, Smuga D, Gładkowski W, Chojnacka A, Wawrzeńczyk C. An LC method for the analysis of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis products and its application to the monitoring of the acyl migration process. Talanta 2012; 94:22-9. [PMID: 22608409 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
An assay for quantitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and its hydrolysis products: 1-hydroxy-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and palmitic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with charge aerosol detector (CAD) was developed. The separation of the compounds of interest was achieved on a reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction stationary phase with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:methanol:10mM ammonium acetate solution. The method was applied to control the acyl migration process of LPC regioisomers in the most common solvents used in the synthesis or modification of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kiełbowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Purification of l-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine from the Enzyme Reaction Solutions by Resin Column Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Dods RH, Mosely JA, Sanderson JM. The innate reactivity of a membrane associated peptide towards lipids: acyl transfer to melittin without enzyme catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5371-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Balasubramanian RK, Obbard JP. Heterogeneous catalytic transesterification of phosphatidylcholine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1942-1946. [PMID: 20832299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The transesterification of phosphatidylcholine (PC) via homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis was investigated for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) i.e. biodiesel. Calcium methoxide and calcium oxide were used as heterogeneous catalysts, and KOH as a homogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of phosphatidylcholine (PC)--a polar phospholipid prevalent in eukaryotic organisms. The initial reaction rate was higher for KOH (24.23 g of FAME/g of catalyst.min) than for calcium methoxide (17.06 g of FAME/g of catalyst.min) and calcium oxide (1.06 g of FAME/g of catalyst.min). PC was then mixed with soybean oil at different proportions (i.e. 10%, 30% and 50%, PC10, PC30 and PC50, respectively) which was then used as the feedstock for transesterification using calcium methoxide. When the mass fraction of PC was increased in the feedstock reaction rate also increased. Phosphorus content of the FAME layer of PC100, PC50, PC30 and PC10 was 0.081, 0.041, 0.035 and 0.028% (w/w), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Balasubramanian
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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Ueda A, Hanada A, Ishinaga M. Measurement of dietary choline-phospholipid content by a novel phospholipase D-triiodide method. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2006; 52:79-81. [PMID: 16637235 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.52.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel method that conveniently measures dietary choline-phospholipid content. Crude lipids extracted from dietary samples were reacted with phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus. The choline liberated from this reaction was then reacted with potassium triiodide, yielding choline periodide, which could be measured spectrophotometrically at 365 nm. This method proved to be more convenient than conventional assays, such as thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Our novel method is suitable for measuring many samples in single experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Ueda
- Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan
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Adlercreutz P, Lyberg AM, Adlercreutz D. Enzymatic fatty acid exchange in glycero-phospholipids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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