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Souza-Gonçalves J, Fialho A, Soares CMF, Osório NM, Ferreira-Dias S. Continuous Production of Dietetic Structured Lipids Using Crude Acidic Olive Pomace Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062637. [PMID: 36985609 PMCID: PMC10054457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Crude olive pomace oil (OPO) is a by-product of olive oil extraction. In this study, low-calorie structured triacylglycerols (TAGs) were produced by acidolysis of crude OPO with medium-chain fatty acids (caprylic, C8:0; capric, C10:0) or interesterification with their ethyl ester forms (C8EE, C10EE). These new TAGs present long-chain fatty acids (L) at position sn-2 and medium-chain fatty acids (M) at positions sn-1,3 (MLM). Crude OPO exhibited a high acidity (12.05–28.75% free fatty acids), and high contents of chlorophylls and oxidation products. Reactions were carried out continuously in a packed-bed bioreactor for 70 h, using sn-1,3 regioselective commercial immobilized lipases (Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, Lipozyme TL IM; and Rhizomucor miehei lipase, Lipozyme RM IM), in solvent-free media at 40 °C. Lipozyme RM IM presented a higher affinity for C10:0 and C10EE. Lipozyme TL IM preferred C10:0 over C8:0 but C8EE over C10EE. Both biocatalysts showed a high activity and operational stability and were not affected by OPO acidity. The New TAG yields ranged 30–60 and the specific productivity ranged 0.96–1.87 g NewTAG/h.g biocatalyst. Lipozyme RM IM cost is more than seven-fold the Lipozyme TL IM cost. Therefore, using Lipozyme TL IM and crude acidic OPO in a continuous bioreactor will contribute to process sustainability for structured lipid production by lowering the cost of the biocatalyst and avoiding oil refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Souza-Gonçalves
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arsénio Fialho
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cleide M. F. Soares
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Avenida Murilo Dantas 300—Farolandia, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
- Tiradentes University (UNIT), Avenida Murilo Dantas 300—Farolandia, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Natália M. Osório
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Barreiro, 2839-001 Lavradio, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suzana Ferreira-Dias
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório de Estudos Técnicos, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Lee WJ, Lai OM, Tan CP, Wang Y. Production of Structured Triacylglycerol
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Enzymatic Interesterification of Medium‐Chain Triacylglycerol and Soybean Oil Using a Pilot‐Scale Solvent‐Free Packed Bed Reactor. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish ProcessingJiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Wan Jun Lee
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Oi Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
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Hollow silica microspheres as robust immobilization carriers. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Machado JR, Pereira GN, dos Santos de Oliveira P, Zenevicz MC, Lerin L, dos Reis Barreto de Oliveira R, Cabral de Holanda Cavalcanti S, Ninow JL, de Oliveira D. Synthesis of eugenyl acetate by immobilized lipase in a packed bed reactor and evaluation of its larvicidal activity. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Aspergillus oryzaeLipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dioleoyl; Palmitoyl-Rich Triacylglycerols in Two Reactors. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Optimization of the Hydrolysis of Safflower Oil for the Production of Linoleic Acid, Used as Flavor Precursor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2015; 2015:594238. [PMID: 26904663 PMCID: PMC4745565 DOI: 10.1155/2015/594238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Commercial lipases, from porcine pancreas (PPL), Candida rugosa (CRL), and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM), were investigated in terms of their efficiency for the hydrolysis of safflower oil (SO) for the liberation of free linoleic acid (LA), used as a flavor precursor. Although PPL, under the optimized conditions, showed a high degree of hydrolysis (91.6%), its low tolerance towards higher substrate concentrations could limit its use for SO hydrolysis. In comparison to the other investigated lipases, Lipozyme TL IM required higher amount of enzyme and an additional 3 h of reaction time to achieve its maximum degree of SO hydrolysis (90.2%). On the basis of the experimental findings, CRL was selected as the most appropriate biocatalyst, with 84.1% degree of hydrolysis. The chromatographic analyses showed that the CRL-hydrolyzed SO is composed mainly of free LA.
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Yang H, Mu Y, Chen H, Su C, Yang T, Xiu Z. Sn-1,3-specific Interesterification of Soybean Oil with Medium-chain Triacylglycerol Catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM. Chin J Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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De Martini Soares FAS, Osório NM, da Silva RC, Gioielli LA, Ferreira-Dias S. Batch and continuous lipase-catalyzed interesterification of blends containing olive oil for trans-free margarines. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Won JW, Park KM, Choi SJ, Chang PS. Serial connection of packed-bed reactors with different reaction temperatures: enhanced operational stability for enzymatically interesterified trans-free lipid production. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Continuous production of fatty acid methyl esters from corn oil in a supercritical carbon dioxide bioreactor. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Palla CA, Pacheco C, Carrín ME. Preparation and modification of chitosan particles for Rhizomucor miehei lipase immobilization. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Svensson J, Adlercreutz P. Effect of acyl migration in Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed interesterification using a triacylglycerol model system. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chae MH, Park HK, Kwon KI, Kim JW, Hong SI, Kim Y, Kim BH, Kim IH. Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification in Packed Bed Reactor Using 2 Different Temperatures. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C555-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Lipase-catalyzed interesterification of high oleic sunflower oil and fully hydrogenated soybean oil comparison of batch and continuous reactor for production of zero trans shortening fats. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Structured and Specialty Lipids in Continuous Packed Column Reactors: Comparison of Production Using One and Two Enzyme Beds. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Osório NM, Dubreucq E, da Fonseca MMR, Ferreira-Dias S. Operational stability of immobilised lipase/acyltransferase during interesterification of fat blends. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shin JA, Akoh CC, Lee KT. Production and physicochemical properties of functional-butterfat through enzymatic interesterification in a continuous reactor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:888-900. [PMID: 19138078 DOI: 10.1021/jf802678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Modified-butterfat (MBF) was synthesized with four blends (8:6:6, 6:6:8, 6:6:9, and 4:6:10, by weight) of anhydrous butterfat (ABF), palm stearin (PS) and flaxseed oil (FSO) through enzymatic interesterification in a continuous packed-bed reactor. Flow rate effect of 3, 5, 8 and 10 mL/min on enzymatic interesterification was investigated. By increasing the enzyme contact time with substrates (decreased flow rates), not only did melting and crystallization points shift to lower temperature but also the equivalent carbon number, ECN 36-38 from FSO decreased. Further all reactions were performed at flow rate of 5 mL/min (contact time 140 min) in a continuous reactor packed with 150 g of Lipozyme RM IM. After short path distillation, alpha-linolenic acid composition (%) of 8:6:6, 6:6:8, 6:6:9, and 4:6:10 MBFs were 16, 21, 23 and 25%, respectively. The contents of ECN 36-38, and ECN 48-50 decreased in the blends and MBFs for each substrate ratio. ECN 42-46 in the newly produced TAG increased. Melting points of MBFs were 38 degrees C (8:6:6), 35.5 degrees C (6:6:8), 34 degrees C (6:6:9), and 32 degrees C (4:6:10). MBFs interesterified with FSO contained phytosterols (17-36 mg/100 g) and tocopherols (116-173 microg/g). The products of 8:6:6, 6:6:8, 6:6:9 and 4:6:10 MBFs were softer (69, 88, 80, and 92%, respectively) than pure butterfat at refrigeration temperature. The polymorphic form changed from beta form (blends) to desirable crystalline structure of beta' form (MBFs). Crystal morphology of MBFs also changed and was composed of small spherulites of varying density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Shin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Osório NM, Dubreucq E, da Fonseca MMR, Ferreira-Dias S. Lipase/acyltransferase-catalysed interesterification of fat blends containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ciftçi ON, Fadiloğlu S, Göğüş F. Conversion of olive pomace oil to cocoa butter-like fat in a packed-bed enzyme reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:324-329. [PMID: 18606538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Refined olive pomace oil (ROPO) was utilized as a source oil for production of cocoa butter-like fat. Immobilized sn-1,3 specific lipase catalyzed acidolysis of ROPO with palmitic (PA) and stearic (SA) acids was performed in a laboratory scale packed-bed reactor. Effect of reactor conditions on product formation was studied at various substrate mole ratios (ROPO:PA:SA; 1:1:1, 1:1:3, 1:3:3, 1:2:6), enzyme loads (10%, 20%, 40%), substrate flow rates (1.5, 4.5, 7.5, 15 ml/min) and solvent amounts (150, 400 ml). The highest yield (10.9% POP, 19.7% POS and 11.2% SOS) was obtained at 40% enzyme load, 1:2:6 substrate mole ratio, 45 degrees C, 7.5 ml/min substrate flow rate, 150 ml solvent and 3h reaction time. The melting profile and SFC of the product were comparable to those of CB. Polarized light microscope (PLM) images showed no drastic changes in polymorphic behavior between CB and product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Nazim Ciftçi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Svensson J, Adlercreutz P. Identification of triacylglycerols in the enzymatic transesterification of rapeseed and butter oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Perea Villamil A, Moreno Safra N. Production of structured lipids by enzymatic transesterification of soybean oil and palm kernel oil in a packed-bed reactor. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2008. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.2008.v59.i4.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Osório NM, da Fonseca MMR, Ferreira-Dias S. Operational stability ofThermomyces lanuginosa lipase during interesterification of fat in continuous packed-bed reactors. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Nielsen NS, Yang T, Xu X, Jacobsen C. Production and oxidative stability of a human milk fat substitute produced from lard by enzyme technology in a pilot packed-bed reactor. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Osório NM, Gusmão JH, da Fonseca MM, Ferreira-Dias S. Lipase-catalysed interesterification of palm stearin with soybean oil in a continuous fluidised-bed reactor. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200501188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Porsgaard T, Xu X, Göttsche J, Mu H. Differences in the intramolecular structure of structured oils do not affect pancreatic lipase activity in vitro or the absorption by rats of (n-3) fatty acids. J Nutr 2005; 135:1705-11. [PMID: 15987853 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition and intramolecular structure of dietary triacylglycerols (TAGs) influence their absorption. We compared the in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and the lymphatic transport in rats of fish oil and 2 enzymatically interesterified oils containing 10:0 and (n-3) PUFAs of marine origin to investigate whether the positional distribution of fatty acids influenced the overall bioavailability of (n-3) PUFAs in the body. The structured oils had the (n-3) PUFA either mainly at the sn-1,3 position (LML, M = medium-chain fatty acid, L = long-chain fatty acid) or mainly at the sn-2 position (MLM). Oils were administered to lymph-cannulated rats and lymph was collected for 24 h. The fatty acid composition as well as the lipid class distribution of lymph samples was determined. In vitro pancreatic lipase activity was greater when fish oil was the substrate than when the structured oils were the substrates (P < 0.001 at 40 min). This was consistent with a greater 8-h recovery of total fatty acids from fish oil compared with the 2 structured oils (P < 0.05). The absorption profiles of MLM and LML in rats and their in vitro rates of lipase activity did not differ. This indicates that the absorption rate is highly influenced by the lipase activity, which in turn is affected by the fatty acid composition and intramolecular structure. The lipid class distribution in lymph collected from the 3 groups of rats did not differ. In conclusion, the intramolecular structure did not affect the overall absorption of (n-3) PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Porsgaard
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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29
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Hayes DG. Enzyme-Catalyzed modification of oilseed materials to produce eco-friendly products. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-004-1024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Hayes
- ; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Environmental Science; University of Tennessee; 2506 E.J. Chapman Dr. 37996-4531 Knoxville TN
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Nascimento AC, Tecelão CSR, Gusmão JH, da Fonseca MMR, Ferreira-Dias S. Modelling lipase-catalysed transesterification of fats containingn-3 fatty acids monitored by their solid fat content. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200401000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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