1
|
Pichler J, Frauscher M, Marchetti-Deschmann M. Advanced Method for the Detection of Saturated Monoglycerides in Biodiesel Using GC-EI-MS/MS. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23476-23484. [PMID: 38854581 PMCID: PMC11154927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Common B7 biodiesels consist of mixtures of mineral oil-based diesel and 7% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). While biocontent increase can be achieved with these blends at high-quality levels during cold temperature periods, fuel filter blocking events are reported from time to time. Based on a preliminary study on fuel filters, the selection of compounds responsible for filter blocking could be narrowed down to saturated monoglycerides (SMGs). The most abundant SMGs in Europe are 1- and 2-monopalmitin (1-C16:0, 2-C16:0) and 1-monostearin (C18:0), based on the FAME origin. Until now, there has been no simple, precise, and accurate method to quantitatively detect those SMGs in the B7 matrix, which was the aim of the following work. An improved gas chromatography electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitative detection of 1-C16:0, 2-C16:0, C18:0, and C20:0 SMGs. During the method improvement, (a) the sample preparation and (b) the calibration were optimized for low concentrations. (c) The samples were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring focusing on specific qualifier and quantifier ions with optimized collision energies, (d) time segments and improved scan time were implemented, and (e) limits of detection and limits of quantification were determined. The time-stability of SMG standards in CHCl3 with 4% neat biodiesel and the discrimination effects of the standard components were evaluated to assess method reliability. Overall, a highly sensitive and precise method for the improved detection of SMGs in biodiesel is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pichler
- AC2T
research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2C, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcella Frauscher
- AC2T
research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2C, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prediction of B20 Storage Tank Precipitate Removal Based on Biodiesel Monoglyceride Content. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Precipitate in B20 fuel stored in storage tanks can accumulate at the bottom level of the tank and affect the fuel filter, clogging in the fuel distribution and engine system. This study examines the precipitate formation prediction in B20 fuel based on the monoglyceride content in biodiesel. This research used a modified CSFT method of ASTM D7501 for the precipitation test. Monopalmitin was added to biodiesel with a variation of monoglyceride content. Each biodiesel sample was then blended with petroleum diesel fuel to produce two groups of samples. Each sample was separately soaked in the cooling chamber at constant and room temperature for 21 days. The bottom layer of each B20 fuel sample stored in the measuring cylinder was then pipetted and filtered, washed with petro-ether, vacuum-dried, and weighed for a constant amount of precipitate retained on the filter. The simulation results show that the ratios between the amount of collected precipitate at the bottom layer of the 2-liter measuring cylinder and the total amount of collected precipitate for the 2-liter measuring cylinder increased with the monoglyceride content biodiesel. This ratio was used to predict the amount of accumulated sludge for a given volume of B20 fuel loaded into the storage tank. This study shows the effect of monoglyceride content on the precipitation behaviour in the storage tank concerning general tank storage dimension parameters and B20 loading frequency. This approach can be applied to estimate the sludge removal frequency for biodiesel storage.
Collapse
|
3
|
Seniorita L, Minami E, Kawamoto H. Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Seniorita
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
| | - Eiji Minami
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
| | - Haruo Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fathurrahman NA, Wibowo CS, Nasikin M, Khalil M. Optimization of sorbitan monooleate and γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles as cold-flow improver in B30 biodiesel blend using response surface methodology (RSM). J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
5
|
The Effect of Monoglyceride Polymorphism on Cold-Flow Properties of Biodiesel Model Fuel. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Yoshidomi S, Sugami Y, Minami E, Shisa N, Hayashi H, Saka S. Predicting Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and Monoglyceride Mixtures as Biodiesel Model Fuels. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yoshidomi
- ; Graduate School of Energy Science; Kyoto University; Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yuitsu Sugami
- ; Graduate School of Energy Science; Kyoto University; Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Eiji Minami
- ; Graduate School of Energy Science; Kyoto University; Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Noriko Shisa
- ; Material Engineering Division; Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota-cho Toyota Aichi 471-8572 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hayashi
- ; Material Engineering Division; Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota-cho Toyota Aichi 471-8572 Japan
| | - Shiro Saka
- ; Graduate School of Energy Science; Kyoto University; Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paramita VD, Bannikova A, Kasapis S. Preservation of oleic acid entrapped in a condensed matrix of high-methoxy pectin with glucose syrup. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Plata V, Haagenson D, Dağdelen A, Wiesenborn D, Kafarov V. Improvement of Palm Oil Biodiesel Filterability by Adsorption Methods. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Gómez-Coca RB, Pérez-Camino MDC, Moreda W. Specific procedure for analysing steryl glucosides in olive oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
12
|
He X, Iasmin M, Dean LO, Lappi SE, Ducoste JJ, de los Reyes FL. Evidence for fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposit formation mechanisms in sewer lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4385-4391. [PMID: 21510691 DOI: 10.1021/es2001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of hardened and insoluble fats, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits in sewer lines is a major cause of line blockages leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Despite the central role that FOG deposits play in SSOs, little is known about the mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sanitary sewers. In this study, FOG deposits were formed under laboratory conditions from the reaction between free fatty acids and calcium chloride. The calcium and fatty acid profile analysis showed that the laboratory-produced FOG deposit displayed similar characteristics to FOG deposits collected from sanitary sewer lines. Results of FTIR analysis showed that the FOG deposits are metallic salts of fatty acid as revealed by comparisons with FOG deposits collected from sewer lines and pure calcium soaps. Based on the data, we propose that the formation of FOG deposits occurs from the aggregation of excess calcium compressing the double layer of free fatty acid micelles and a saponification reaction between aggregated calcium and free fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia He
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gonzalo A, García M, Luis Sánchez J, Arauzo J, Peña JÁ. Water Cleaning of Biodiesel. Effect of Catalyst Concentration, Water Amount, and Washing Temperature on Biodiesel Obtained from Rapeseed Oil and Used Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie901707q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gonzalo
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel García
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Sánchez
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Arauzo
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ángel Peña
- Thermochemical Processes Research Group and Catalysis, Molecular Separations and Reactor Engineering Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Ed. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Automatic and Manual Analysis Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1520/jai102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
de Guzman R, Tang H, Salley S, Ng KYS. Synergistic Effects of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil- and Poultry Fat-Based Biodiesel. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|