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Van den Oever SP, Maruta CK, Schreiner M, Mayer HK. "Exotic" seeds from Southern Africa as potential Novel Foods? - Chemical composition of manketti nuts (Schinziophyton rautanenii) and ushivi beans (Guibourtia coleosperma). Food Res Int 2024; 184:114200. [PMID: 38609207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Various species of Southern African plants and their edible seeds have gained huge importance due to positive health aspects, and there is increasing interest to introduce such seeds as Novel Food on the international market. Especially the seeds of Schinziophyton rautanenii (manketti) and Guibourtia coleosperma (ushivi) could have great potential as a food and food ingredient. Hence, extensive analyses on the chemical composition of manketti nuts and ushivi beans including the analysis of total solids, protein and fat content, soluble carbohydrates, ash, total and free amino acids, biogenic amines and polyamines, fatty acid profile as well as the content of certain B-vitamins and tocopherols were performed. Results obtained showed a valuable nutritional composition, e.g., a true protein content of 22.6% with a ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acid composition of 48% in manketti nuts, while ushivi beans had a true protein content of 8.2% with a similar ratio of essential to total amino acids (45%). Lipid content was 54.1% in manketti nuts, ushivi beans had a value of 7.7%. In both, linoleic acid was the most abundant. Furthermore, ushivi beans had high amounts of vitamin B1 and B2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina P Van den Oever
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 11/1, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cecilia K Maruta
- Kavango Global Trading cc, P.O. Box 91164, Klein-Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Matthias Schreiner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 11/1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut K Mayer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Muthgasse 11/1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Tauchen J, Frankova A, Manourova A, Valterova I, Lojka B, Leuner O. Garcinia kola: a critical review on chemistry and pharmacology of an important West African medicinal plant. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023:1-47. [PMID: 37359709 PMCID: PMC10205037 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae) is a tree indigenous to West and Central Africa. All plant parts, but especially the seeds, are of value in local folklore medicine. Garcinia kola is used in treatment of numerous diseases, including gastric disorders, bronchial diseases, fever, malaria and is used to induce a stimulating and aphrodisiac effect. The plant is now attracting considerable interest as a possible source of pharmaceutically important drugs. Several different classes of compounds such as biflavonoids, benzophenones, benzofurans, benzopyran, vitamin E derivatives, xanthones, and phytosterols, have been isolated from G. kola, of which many appears to be found only in this species, such as garcinianin (found in seeds and roots), kolanone (fruit pulp, seeds, roots), gakolanone (stem bark), garcinoic acid, garcinal (both in seeds), garcifuran A and B, and garcipyran (all in roots). They showed a wide range of pharmacological activities (e.g. analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects), though this has only been confirmed in animal models. Kolaviron is the most studied compound and is perceived by many studies as the active principle of G. kola. However, its research is associated with significant flaws (e.g. too high doses tested, inappropriate positive control). Garcinol has been tested under better conditions and is perhaps showing more promising results and should attract deeper research interest (especially in the area of anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activity). Human clinical trials and mechanism-of-action studies must be carried out to verify whether any of the compounds present in G. kola may be used as a lead in the drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tauchen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Frankova
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Manourova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Valterova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Lojka
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Leuner
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Simultaneous analysis of free phytosterols and phytosterol glycosides in rice bran by SPE/GC–MS. Food Chem 2022; 387:132742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rozentsvet OA, Kotlova ER, Bogdanova ES, Nesterov VN, Senik SV, Shavarda AL. Balance of Δ 5-and Δ 7-sterols and stanols in halophytes in connection with salinity tolerance. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 198:113156. [PMID: 35248579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sterols (STs) have a key role in regulating the fluidity and permeability of membranes in plants (phytosterols) that have wide structural diversity. We studied the effect of structural STs diversity on salt tolerance in halophytes. Specifically, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS), to assess the STs composition in leaves of 21 species of wild-growing halophytes from four families (Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Tamaricaceae) and three ecological groups (Euhalophytes (Eu), recretophytes (Re), salt excluders (Ex)). Fifteen molecular species of STs from three main groups, Δ5-, Δ7-and Δ0- STs (stanols), were detected. Plants of the genus Artemisia were characterized by a high content of stigmasterol (30-49% of the total STs), while β-sitosterol was the major compound in two Limonium spp., where it comprised 84-92% of the total STs. Species of Chenopodiaceae were able to accumulate both Δ5-and Δ7-STs and stanols. The content of the predominant Δ5-STs decreased in the order Ex → Re → Eu. Molecular species with a saturated steroid nucleus were identified in Eu and Re, suggesting their special salt-accumulating and salt-releasing functions. The structural analogues of stigmasterol, having a double bond C-22, were stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (spinasterol) and stigmast-22-en-3β-ol (Δ7--sitosterol). The ratio of Δ5-stigmasterol/Δ5-β-sitosterol increased in Ex plants, and spinasterol/Δ7--sitosterol and 22-stigmastenol/sitostanol increased in Eu plants. These data support the well-known role of stigmasterol and its isomers in plant responses to abiotic and biotic factors. The variability in STs types and their ratios suggested some involvement of the sterol membrane components in plant adaptation to growth conditions. The balance of Δ5-, Δ7-and stanols, as well as the accumulation of molecular analogues of stigmasterol, was suggested to be associated with salt tolerance of the plant species in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Rozentsvet
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzin Street 10, 445003, Togliatti, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina R Kotlova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Elena S Bogdanova
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzin Street 10, 445003, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Viktor N Nesterov
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzin Street 10, 445003, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Senik
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Aleksey L Shavarda
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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Xu B, You S, Zhou L, Kang H, Luo D, Ma H, Han S. Simultaneous Determination of Free Phytosterols and Tocopherols in Vegetable Oils by an Improved SPE–GC–FID Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vu DC, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Coggeshall MV, Lin CH. Identification and quantification of phytosterols in black walnut kernels. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lieb VM, Schuster LK, Schmarr H, Carle R, Steingass CB. Lipophilic compounds and thermal behaviour of African mango (
Irvingia gabonensis
(Aubry‐Lecomte ex. O'Rorke) Baill.) kernel fat. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika M. Lieb
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
| | - Laura K. Schuster
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Schmarr
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz Breitenweg 71 Neustadt an der Weinstraße 67435 Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry Instrumental Analytical Chemistry University Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstraße 5 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
- Biological Science Department King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80257 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Christof B. Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis University of Hohenheim Garbenstraße 25 Stuttgart 70599 Germany
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Zhao X, Dong B, Li P, Wei W, Dang J, Liu Z, Tao Y, Han H, Shao Y, Yue H. Fatty Acid and Phytosterol Composition, and Biological Activities ofLycium ruthenicumMurr. Seed Oil. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2448-2456. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Banmacailang Dong
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Pi Li
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Wei Wei
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Jun Dang
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Zenggeng Liu
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Hongping Han
- the Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province; Xining 810008 China
| | - Yun Shao
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
| | - Huilan Yue
- the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Northwest Inst. of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research; Qinghai 810008 China
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Cheikhyoussef N, Kandawa-Schulz M, Böck R, de Koning C, Cheikhyoussef A, Hussein AA. Characterization of Schinziophyton rautanenii (Manketti) nut oil from Namibia rich in conjugated fatty acids and tocopherol. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xu B, Zhang L, Ma F, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang Q, Luo D, Ma H, Li P. Determination of free steroidal compounds in vegetable oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 245:415-425. [PMID: 29287390 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A method based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF/MS) was developed to analyze steroidal compounds in vegetable oils, which could provide better separation and higher sensitivity than conventional one dimensional gas chromatography, and allowed determination of 31 sterols and triterpene alcohols in one injection. Furthermore, the approach also permitted separation and detection of small amounts of other compounds (may be steroidal compounds whose molecular structures have not been confirmed), which were obscured in the lower-resolution single-column technique. With the help of the GC × GC system, a more elaborate and complete information regarding the distributions and concentrations of free phytosterols and triterpene alcohols in safflower seed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil and peanut oil were obtained. The proposed method could potentially open a new opportunity for the more in-depth knowledge of the steroidal compounds of vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Denglin Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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The origin of the compounds found on males’ antennae of the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis (L.). CHEMOECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-017-0245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Gwatidzo L, Botha BM, McCrindle RI. Influence of Extraction Method on Yield, Physicochemical Properties and Tocopherol Content of Manketti (Schinziophyton rautanenii) Nut Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Sun J, Zhao XE, Dang J, Sun X, Zheng L, You J, Wang X. Rapid and sensitive determination of phytosterols in functional foods and medicinal herbs by using UHPLC-MS/MS with microwave-assisted derivatization combined with dual ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:725-732. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Science; Xining Qinghai P.R. China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Science; Xining Qinghai P.R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology; Chinese Academy of Science; Xining Qinghai P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Longfang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Jinan Shandong China
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Jin J, Sheraliev G, Xie D, Zhang W, Jin Q, Wang X. Characteristics of Specialty Natural Micronutrients in Certain Oilseeds and Oils: Plastochromanol-8, Resveratrol, 5-Hydroxytryptamine Phenylpropanoid Amides, Lanosterol, Ergosterol and Cyclolinopeptides. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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