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Kakamad FH, Abdullah AM, Salih AM, Baba HO, Mohammed SH, Salih RQ, Abdulla BA, Hassan MN, Muhialdeen AS. Thymoma with osseous metaplasia; a case report with a brief literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 85:106149. [PMID: 34280875 PMCID: PMC8318848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE The thymus is a primary lymphatic organ within the mediastinum that plays an essential role in developing and maintaining cell-mediated immunity. The current study aims to report a case of intra-tumoral osseous metaplasia of the thymus gland, which is an infrequent phenomenon. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old male presented with weakness and easy fatigability for 2 months. The patient had an elevated anti-acetylcholinesterase antibody (19.5 nmole/L). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a round, capsulated, enhanced mass in the anterior mediastinum measuring 5.5 × 3.5 cm, suspecting thymoma. The patient underwent plasmapheresis three times in one week, under general anesthesia, in a supine position, sternotomy was performed, and the thymoma was totally resected. DISCUSSION Thymomas are known to occur in all age groups with the peak of nearly between 35 and 70 years with the median age of 54 years. The sex distribution of thymoma is approximately equal with slight predilection of women in old age groups. However, among all reported cases of thymomas with osseous metaplasia, the majorities are female. The significance of this ossification is still to be clarified. CONCLUSION Although it is rare, secondary changes in thymoma may occur including calcification and ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi H Kakamad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Kscien Organization, Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Iraq.
| | - Ari M Abdullah
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Abdulwahid M Salih
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Hiwa O Baba
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Kscien Organization, Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | - Rawezh Q Salih
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Kscien Organization, Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Berwn A Abdulla
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Kscien Organization, Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Marwan N Hassan
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Kscien Organization, Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Aso S Muhialdeen
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Str, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; Kscien Organization, Hamid Str, Azadi Mall, Sulaimani, Iraq
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Yoshida M, Kondo K, Miyamoto N, Kawakami Y, Tangoku A. Calcification in thymomas can predict invasiveness to surrounding organs. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1857-1863. [PMID: 33955164 PMCID: PMC8201533 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymomas are the most common type of anterior mediastinal tumors. Calcification is sometimes observed in thymomas using computed tomography (CT), and it is more frequent in invasive thymomas than in noninvasive thymomas. However, the significance of calcification in thymomas remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of calcification in thymomas on invasiveness to surrounding organs and investigate the characteristics of thymoma cases with calcification at our institution. METHODS We included thymoma patients treated at our institution between 2000 and 2016, and evaluated their characteristics, including demographics, calcification on CT, histology, Masaoka stage, and myasthenia gravis status. The patients were categorized into calcification (C) and noncalcification (NC) groups. RESULTS Among 51 included patients, 11 (21.6%) had calcification. A higher proportion of group C patients had World Health Organization histological type B2 and B3 tumors (high-risk) than type A, AB, and B1 tumors (low-risk; p = 0.0477). The number of patients with Masaoka stages III and IV were significantly higher in the C group than in the NC group (p < 0.0001). The C group patients had significantly higher rates of invasion to the mediastinal pleura, pericardium, lung, phrenic nerve, and chest wall and pleural dissemination than the NC group patients. CONCLUSIONS Calcification reflects invasiveness of tumors to surrounding organs and tissues, and may thus predict thymoma stage and histologically high-risk thymomas. Calcification in thymomas may also predict the pathological stage and help decide therapeutic methods and surgical approaches to treat thymomas based on the calcification status according to CT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuteru Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kondo
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukikiyo Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Tangoku
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Kurihara M, Sasaki T, Sakuishi K, Terao Y, Murakawa T, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Okada S, Toda T, Tsuji S. Isolated seizure as initial presentation of GABA A receptor antibody-associated encephalitis. J Neurol Sci 2020; 410:116666. [PMID: 31954356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakuishi
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Murakawa
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan; Kansai Medical University, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Okada
- Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Zhao J, Bhatnagar V, Ding L, Atay SM, David EA, McFadden PM, Stamnes S, Lechtholz-Zey E, Wightman SC, Detterbeck FC, Kim AW. A systematic review of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymoma: Treatment modalities, recurrence, and outcomes in resected cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 160:306-314.e14. [PMID: 31982129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymomas remain incompletely understood. The objective was to examine the association between surgically resected thymomas and paraneoplastic syndromes over the past half century. METHODS A primary PubMed/MEDLINE search was used to identify published articles describing paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymomas from 1960 to 2019. A secondary search identified additional articles referenced in the articles found in the primary search. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used for time-to-event data analyses. RESULTS From 407 articles describing 507 patients, 123 different paraneoplastic syndromes were associated with thymoma. The 5 most common paraneoplastic syndromes were myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, lichen planus, Good syndrome, and limbic encephalitis. Complete or partial resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome symptoms after surgery was noted in 76% of patients, of whom 21% had a relapse or new paraneoplastic syndrome onset after surgery. The most common adjunctive therapy associated with resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome was corticosteroids (30%). For all patients after surgery, thymoma recurrence was observed in 17% of cases, whereas recurrence of paraneoplastic syndrome was observed in 34% of cases, and both were observed in approximately 11% of cases. The 5- and 10-year overall survivals were 78% and 66%, respectively. Improved overall survival was associated with patients who had total resolution from paraneoplastic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive assessment of publications over the past half century suggests that a multimodal treatment approach that includes surgical resection of thymomas is able to achieve paraneoplastic syndrome resolution in a majority of patients. Onset of new paraneoplastic syndromes after surgery is associated with the recurrence of the first paraneoplastic syndrome, and resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with improved overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Zhao
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vikrant Bhatnagar
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Scott M Atay
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Elizabeth A David
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - P Michael McFadden
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Stephanie Stamnes
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Sean C Wightman
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Anthony W Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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Hato T, Yamaguchi M, Sugiyama A, Aoki K, Inoue Y, Fukuda H, Gika M, Higashi M, Nakayama M. Hatched "egg" of thymoma with sarcoidosis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:151. [PMID: 31462247 PMCID: PMC6712793 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While calcification of thymoma is common, "eggshell" calcification is rare. We report a case of an eggshell calcified thymoma that "hatched" after 4 years of follow-up. Pathologically, it revealed that sarcoidosis accompanied this case of thymoma, which might cause in calcification. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 68-year-old female. A 20-mm anterior mediastinal nodule completely covered with calcification was noted in an annual health check-up. However, as the nodule did not change during 6 months of follow-up, she discontinued regular examinations. Four years later, an abnormality in her chest X-ray was noted again. The tumor grew outside the calcification to reach 63 mm. She underwent resection of this anterior mediastinal tumor. Pathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as thymoma of type B1 in the WHO classification. The histology of the tumor inside and outside of the calcification was not different, suggesting that the tumor grew from the inside of the calcification. The calcification was located within the fibrotic capsule of thymoma. Sarcoidosis also presented in her lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanism of calcification of the capsule was not clear, sarcoidosis might be related to this case because macrophage accumulation and altered lipid metabolism in sarcoidosis present with similar dystrophic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Hato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ato Sugiyama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inoue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukuda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Gika
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nakayama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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Jung JJ, Kim SH, Kang DH, Kim KN, Moon SH, Yang JH, Byun JH, Kim JW, Jeon KN, Bae K, Kim HC, Kim JY, Park HO, Choi JY. Invasive thymoma with multiple ring calcifications and osseous metaplasia: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1509-1512. [PMID: 30168289 PMCID: PMC6209803 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8.0 × 7.0 × 3.0 cm calcified anterior mediastinal mass was found in a 57-year-old man during a regular health checkup. The tumor had invaded the pericardium and phrenic nerve. The Masaoka-Koga classification was stage III. Multiple ring calcifications were present in the gross feature, and osseous metaplasia was observed in the histologic examination. World Health Organization histologic classification of the tumor was type B2. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy to prevent tumor recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple ring calcifications and osseous metaplasia in invasive thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jun Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ki Nyun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Joung Hun Byun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Nyeo Jeon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Bae
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Oh Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
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Nakada T, Akiba T, Yabe M, Tanaka K, Nakano M, Suzuki M, Morikawa T. Clinicopathological Features of Thymoma with Ring Calcification: Case Reports. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 23:256-261. [PMID: 28458302 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.cr.16-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymomas with ring calcifications are very rare and quaint style. Herein, we presented our three cases of thymomas with ring calcifications and reviewed totally 10 cases including 7 cases of previous English literatures. The median age was 53 years. Myasthenia gravis was a complication in 40%. The median maximal diameter was 50 mm. They were diagnosed as pathological type B or had type B component. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification, 20%, 60%, and 20% cases were stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Seven ring calcifications were within tumors (inner type) and two cases were outside tumors (outer type). The other had a thymoma arising in the calcic wall of a calcified thymic cyst (miscellaneous type). Four other anterior mediastinal tumors with ring calcification had been reported. We need pathological examinations for a definitive diagnosis. Surgeons should plan surgery because of the possibility of invasive thymomas, or other malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakada
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Akiba
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Yabe
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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den Bakker MA, Marx A, Mukai K, Ströbel P. Mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum--part II. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:501-17. [PMID: 26358060 PMCID: PMC4656710 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the second part of a two-part review on soft tissue tumours which may be encountered in the mediastinum. This review is based on the 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumours and the 2015 WHO classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart and provides an updated overview of mesenchymal tumours that have been reported in the mediastinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A den Bakker
- Department of Pathology, Maasstad Ziekenhuis, PO Box 9100, 3007, AC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Mukai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sano A, Kawashima M. Thymoma with ring calcification. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:2202-4. [PMID: 25468089 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A 59-year-old man was referred to our department for evaluation of an asymptomatic abnormal mediastinal shadow detected on chest roentgenogram. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed an anterior mediastinal tumor with ring calcification. Thymectomy through a median sternotomy was performed. Pathologic examination showed an encapsulated type B2 thymoma with ring calcification. Microscopically, the calcified layer was within the fibrous capsule layer. A part of the fibrous capsule was thought to become calcified like a ring. Although focal calcification is sometimes found in thymomas, ring calcification is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Chigasaki, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Kawashima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Chigasaki, Japan
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Fu JJ, Duan YA, Zhang JZ, Guo MS, Liao Y. Theoretical investigation of novel phenothiazine-based D–π–A conjugated organic dyes as dye-sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Farmakis SG, Herman TE, Siegel MJ. Thymoma with osseous metaplasia in an adolescent. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44:888-92. [PMID: 24442387 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-013-2865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old girl was incidentally found to have a partially calcified anterior mediastinal mass during the work-up for a left humeral lesion. The resected specimen demonstrated a lymphocyte predominant World Health Organization type B1 thymoma with nodules of metaplastic bone consistent with osseous metaplasia. In addition, she had multiple osteochondromas, a periosteal chondroma of the humerus, a metaplastic osseous pseudotumor of the thigh, and other benign-appearing sclerotic foci, all manifestations of what is likely an autosomal dominant disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G Farmakis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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