1
|
Munteanu R, Tomuleasa C, Iuga CA, Gulei D, Ciuleanu TE. Exploring Therapeutic Avenues in Lung Cancer: The Epigenetic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5394. [PMID: 38001653 PMCID: PMC10670535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, primarily non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), is distinguished by its high prevalence and marked mortality rates. Traditional therapeutic approaches, encompassing chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies, frequently show limited efficacy due to acquired resistance and notable side effects. The objective of this review is to introduce a fresh perspective on the therapeutic strategies for lung cancer, emphasizing interventions targeting the epigenetic alterations often seen in this malignancy. This review presents the most recent advancements in the field, focusing on both past and current clinical trials related to the modulation of methylation patterns using diverse molecular agents. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the challenges and advantages of these methylation-modifying drugs will be provided, assessing their efficacy as individual treatments and their potential for synergy when integrated with prevailing therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (C.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Tudor Eliade Ciuleanu
- Department of Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Li S, Shi W, Wu Y. An Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals EGFR Exon-19 E746-A750 Fragment Deletion Regulated miRNA, circRNA, mRNA and lncRNA Networks in Lung Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6031-6042. [PMID: 35818580 PMCID: PMC9270948 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s370247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) appears to be an important post-transcriptional manner that regulates gene expression through a miRNA-mediated mechanism. Mutations in exon-19 of EGFR were frequently observed in lung cancer genes, which were associated with EGFR activity and EGFR-targeted therapies. Methods We explored the transcriptome regulated by mutation in EGFR exon-19 E746-A750 fragment via using a network modeling strategy. We applied transcriptome sequencing to detect the deletion process of EGFR exon-19 E746-A750 fragment. Bio-informatics analyses were used to predict the gene target pairs and explain their potential roles in tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer. Results We conducted an explorative lncRNA/miRNA/circRNA and mRNA expression study with two groups of lung adenocarcinoma tissues, including EGFR exon-19 E746-A750 deletion group and EGFR exon-19 wild-type group. Meanwhile, we screen out the hub genes related to the EGFR-19-D patient. Significant pathways and biological functions potentially regulated by the deregulated 128 non-coding genes were enriched. Conclusion Our work provides an important theoretical, experimental and clinical foundation for further research on more effective targets for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyi Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yibo Wu; Weifeng Shi, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-510-68089762; +86-510-68089762, Fax +86-510-68089762, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mussafi O, Mei J, Mao W, Wan Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for PD-1/PD-L1 axis in combination with other immunotherapies and targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:948405. [PMID: 36059606 PMCID: PMC9430651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely acknowledged that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is an effective therapeutic treatment in many late-stage cancers. However, not all patients could benefit from ICI therapy. Several biomarkers, such as high expression of PD-L1, high mutational burden, and higher number of tumor infiltration lymphocytes have shown to predict clinical benefit from immune checkpoint therapies. One approach using ICI in combination with other immunotherapies and targeted therapies is now being investigated to enhance the efficacy of ICI alone. In this review, we summarized the use of other promising immunotherapies and targeted therapies in combination with ICI in treatment of lung cancers. The results from multiple animals and clinical trials were reviewed. We also briefly discussed the possible outlooks for future treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Mussafi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Wan, ; Wenjun Mao,
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuan Wan, ; Wenjun Mao,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui M, Chen S, Wang H, Pan P, Luo Y, Sha X. Mechanisms of Fritillariae Thunbergii Flos in lung cancer treatment from a systems pharmacology perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113245. [PMID: 32805357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fritillariae Thunbergii Flos (FTF) included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1977 Edition) is a Chinese medicinal herb traditionally used to treat bronchitis. In recent years, it has been applied in the treatment of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. METHODS The screening of bioactive compounds, acquisition of drug targets, network construction, and experimental validation in vivo were combined to explored the mechanism of FTF in the treatment of lung carcinoma with regards to systems pharmacology. RESULTS The network Lung Cancer Pathway consisted of 114 nodes (44 compounds and 70 potential targets) and 361 edges, as well as modules that included inflammatory response, angiogenesis, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, and positive regulation of cell proliferation and migration. It was examined by conducting experiments that involved the administration of ethanol-based extracts of FTF in Lewis lung carcinoma mice. The extracts exerted excellent anti-lung cancer effects in vivo by significantly inhibiting tumor proliferation, thereby extending the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, FTF induced the downregulation of PIK3CG, Bcl-2, eNOS, VEGF, p-STAT3, and STAT3 genes in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study verify the therapeutic effects and mechanism of FTF on lung cancer and provide a theoretical basis to support the comprehensive utilization of FTF resources.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Fritillaria/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects
- Protein Interaction Maps/physiology
- Random Allocation
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Road, 315100, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojun Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Road, 315100, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhua Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Road, 315100, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Pan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Road, 315100, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Road, 315100, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Sha
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No.888 Yinxian Road, 315100, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Human papillomavirus and lung cancer: an overview and a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1919-1937. [PMID: 31236668 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review is devoted to assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in lung cancer (LC) in the world. HPV is recognized as the etiological factor of cervical cancer, however, there is widespread evidence that this virus is detected not only in gynecological carcinomas, but also in tumors of other organs, in particular the upper respiratory tract and digestive tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted to a depth of 29 years in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, databases. The review includes 95 articles. RESULTS Of all the analyzed studies (9195 patients), 12 works showed a complete absence of HPV in the biological material in patients with LC. The absence of a virus among lung cancer patients has been established for Canada, the Netherlands and Singapore. The highest average percent of occurrence of this virus is shown for such countries as: Brazil, Korea, Greece and Taiwan (more than 40%). But the highest percentage of HPV occurrence by region is observed in Latin America (33.5%), followed by the Asian countries (31%), in European countries the frequency is 18%. Interestingly, the highest occurrence of high oncogenic types (16 and 18) is observed in Asia (40.3%), then in Latin America (33.6%), Europe (25.6%) and North America (15.4%). Low-oncogenic types (6 and 11) are also predominantly observed in Asia (39.9%), while in Europe and North America 30% and 12.8%, respectively. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of HPV was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0. Program, which included 26 studies, the results of which revealed: the prevalence of HPV infection in tumor lung tissue was compared with normal lung tissue OR (95% CI) = 5.38 (3.21-9.00) p < 0.0001, significance was also found for Chinese studies OR = 6.3, 95% CI 3.42-11.53, p < 0.0001, I2 = 71.8% and for nine studies in Europe OR = 6.3, 95% CI 1.8-22.18, p = 0.004, I2 = 51.0%. However, given the fact that the frequency of occurrence of HPV in lung tumor tissue varies greatly, a question may arise about the real role of HPV in LC carcinogenesis, which makes further research relevant and promising.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Y, Su Z, Li J, Wang Q, Meng G, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Gao P. Role of RNA-binding protein 5 in the diagnosis and chemotherapeutic response of lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2013-2019. [PMID: 30675268 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Lung carcinogenesis is frequently associated with deletions or the loss of heterozygosity at the critical chromosomal region 3p21.3, where RNA-binding protein 5 (RBM5) is localized. RBM5 regulates cell growth, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in cell homeostasis. In the lungs, altered RBM5 protein expression leads to alterations in cell growth and apoptosis, with subsequent lung pathogenesis and varied responses to treatment in patients with lung cancer. Detection of RBM5 expression may be a tumor marker for diagnosis, prediction and treatment response in lung cancer, and may be developed as a potential therapeutic target for drug resistant lung cancer. This review discusses the most recent progress on the role of RBM5 in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China.,Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guangping Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Geriatrics and General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhen-fei W, Yong-ping M, Jun-qing L, Yong-yan L, Jing-quan L. Xanthii fructus inhibits malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ii-2017-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the influence of Xanthii fructus on the expression of small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) and the malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells.
Method
A549 cells were treated with Xanthii fructus extract. SncRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR. Proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion capacities were determined using Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, soft agar colony formation, and Matrigel assays, respectively.
Results
Xanthii fructus extract downregulated microRNA (miR)-21 expression and upregulated PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA)55490 expression. The proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion capacities of A549 cells were strongly inhibited by the extract.
Conclusion
Xanthii fructus can inhibit the malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sheng B, Qi C, Liu B, Lin Y, Fu T, Zeng Q. Increased HSP27 correlates with malignant biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer and predicts patient's survival. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13807. [PMID: 29062135 PMCID: PMC5653747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been found to be related to tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of HSP27 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of HSP27 in tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and serum level of HSP27 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. The survival analysis was performed by a Kaplan Meier method and the estimation of risk factors was determined by the multiple regression analysis. The expression of HSP27 was increased in lung cancer tissues (p < 0.001) and serum (p < 0.001) of NSCLC patients and higher HSP27 in lung cancer tissues and serum of NSCLC patients was associated with poorly differentiated cancer (p < 0.001; p = 0.035), lymphatic metastasis (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), advanced TNM stage (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). And the levels of HSP27 in tissues and serum of lung cancer patients had a certain positive correlation (p = 0.046). Moreover, increased HSP27 expression correlated with shorter survival of NSCLC patients (p < 0.001). The results suggest that HSP27 may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Sheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Congcong Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingdi Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu J, Zhou W, Yang F, Chen G, Li H, Zhao Y, Liu P, Li H, Tan M, Xiong X, Sun Y. The β-TrCP-FBXW2-SKP2 axis regulates lung cancer cell growth with FBXW2 acting as a tumour suppressor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14002. [PMID: 28090088 PMCID: PMC5241824 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-TrCP and SKP2 are two well-studied F-box proteins, which often act as oncogenes. Whether and how they communicate with each other is unknown. Here we report that FBXW2, a poorly characterized F-box, is a substrate of β-TrCP1 and an E3 ligase for SKP2. While β-TrCP1 promotes FBXW2 ubiquitylation and shortens its half-life, FBXW2 does the same to SKP2. FBXW2 has tumour suppressor activity against lung cancer cells and blocks oncogenic function of both β-TrCP1 and SKP2. The levels of β-TrCP1-FBXW2-SKP2 are inversely correlated during cell cycle with FBXW2 and β-TrCP/SKP2 being high or low, respectively, in arrested cells, whereas the opposite is true in proliferating cells. Consistently, FBXW2 predicts a better patient survival, whereas β-TrCP1 and SKP2 predict a worse survival. Finally, the gain- and loss-of-function mutations of FBXW2 are found in various human cancers. Collectively, our data show that the β-TrCP-FBXW2-SKP2 axis forms an oncogene-tumour suppressor-oncogene cascade to control cancer cell growth with FBXW2 acting as a tumour suppressor by promoting SKP2 degradation.
F-box proteins β-TrCP1 and SKP2 act as oncogenes by promoting targeted degradation of critical protein substrates. Here, the authors identify an axis of F-box proteins β-TrCP1-FBXW2-SKP2 where FBXW2 is a substrate of β-TrCP1 but mediates the degradation of SKP2, thus acting as a tumour suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Affiliated Children Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Key laboratory of combined multi-organ transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Avilés-Salas A, Muñiz-Hernández S, Maldonado-Martínez HA, Chanona-Vilchis JG, Ramírez-Tirado LA, HernáNdez-Pedro N, Dorantes-Heredia R, RuíZ-Morales JM, Motola-Kuba D, Arrieta O. Reproducibility of the EGFR immunohistochemistry scores for tumor samples from patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:912-920. [PMID: 28356978 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in >60% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. In combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, first-line treatments with antibodies against EGFR, including cetuximab and necitumumab, have demonstrated benefits by increasing overall survival (OS), particularly in patients who overexpress EGFR. The present study evaluated the interobserver agreement among three senior pathologists, who were blinded to the clinical outcomes and assessed tumor samples from 85 patients with NSCLC using the H-score method. EGFR immunohistochemistry was performed using a qualitative immunohistochemical kit. The reported (mean ± standard deviation) H-scores from each pathologist were 111±102, 127±103 and 128.53±104.03. The patients with average H-scores ≥1, ≥100, ≥200 and between 250-300 were 85.9, 54.1, 28.2 and 12.9, respectively. Patients who had an average H-score >100 had a shorter OS time compared with those with lower scores. Furthermore, patients with EGFR mutations who were treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and had an average H-score >100 had a longer OS time compared with those with an average H-score <100. The interobserver concordance for the total H-scores were 0.982, 0.980 and 0.988, and for a positive H-score ≥200, the interobserver concordance was 0.773, 0.710 and 0.675, respectively. The determination of EGFR expression by the H-score method is highly reproducible among pathologists and is a prognostic factor associated with a poor OS in all patients. Additionally, the results of the present study suggest that patients with EGFR mutations that are treated with EGFR-TKIs and present with a high H-score have a longer OS time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Avilés-Salas
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saé Muñiz-Hernández
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José G Chanona-Vilchis
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Norma HernáNdez-Pedro
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rita Dorantes-Heredia
- Department of Pathology, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, 14050 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel Motola-Kuba
- Oncology Center, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, 14050 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; Thoracic Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falco M, Palma G, Rea D, De Biase D, Scala S, D'Aiuto M, Facchini G, Perdonà S, Barbieri A, Arra C. Tumour biomarkers: homeostasis as a novel prognostic indicator. Open Biol 2016; 6:160254. [PMID: 27927793 PMCID: PMC5204124 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'personalized medicine' refers to a medical procedure that consists in the grouping of patients based on their predicted individual response to therapy or risk of disease. In oncologic patients, a 'tailored' therapeutic approach may potentially improve their survival and well-being by not only reducing the tumour, but also enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing the adverse effects. Diagnostic tests are often used to select appropriate and optimal therapies that rely both on patient genome and other molecular/cellular analysis. Several studies have shown that lifestyle and environmental factors can influence the epigenome and that epigenetic events may be involved in carcinogenesis. Thus, in addition to traditional biomarkers, epigenetic factors are raising considerable interest, because they could potentially be used as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the role of conventional cancer genetic biomarkers and their association with epigenomics. Furthermore, we will focus on the so-called 'homeostatic biomarkers' that result from the physiological response to cancer, emphasizing the concept that an altered 'new' homeostasis influence not only tumour environment, but also the whole organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Falco
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Molecular lmmunology and Immuneregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Naples 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Naples, italy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Breast Disease, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Department of Urology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Regulatory roles of epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 42:4-12. [PMID: 27840279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths can be initiated and progressed by the interaction between dynamically genetic and epigenetic elements, although mechanisms mediating lung cancer development and progression remain unclear. Tumor progenitor genes may contribute to lung carcinogenesis and cancer progression, are epigenetically disrupted at the early stages of malignancies even before mutations, and alter cell differentiation throughout tumor evolution. The present review explores potential roles and mechanisms of epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in the development of lung cancer. We also overviewed potential mechanisms by which epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators control and regulate 3D nuclear architectures, and discussed translational efforts to epigenetic modifications for treatment of lung cancer. Deep understanding of epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators will benefit the discovery and development of new diagnostics and therapies for lung cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Papadimitrakopoulou V, Lee JJ, Wistuba II, Tsao AS, Fossella FV, Kalhor N, Gupta S, Byers LA, Izzo JG, Gettinger SN, Goldberg SB, Tang X, Miller VA, Skoulidis F, Gibbons DL, Shen L, Wei C, Diao L, Peng SA, Wang J, Tam AL, Coombes KR, Koo JS, Mauro DJ, Rubin EH, Heymach JV, Hong WK, Herbst RS. The BATTLE-2 Study: A Biomarker-Integrated Targeted Therapy Study in Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3638-3647. [PMID: 27480147 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.66.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE By applying the principles of real-time biopsy, biomarker-based, adaptively randomized studies in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) established by the Biomarker-Integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination (BATTLE) trial, we conducted BATTLE-2 (BATTLE-2 Program: A Biomarker-Integrated Targeted Therapy Study in Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), an umbrella study to evaluate the effects of targeted therapies focusing on KRAS-mutated cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced NSCLC (excluding sensitizing EGFR mutations and ALK gene fusions) refractory to more than one prior therapy were randomly assigned, stratified by KRAS status, to four arms: (1) erlotinib, (2) erlotinib plus MK-2206, (3) MK-2206 plus AZD6244, or (4) sorafenib. Tumor gene expression profiling-targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to evaluate predictive and prognostic biomarkers. RESULTS Two hundred patients, 27% with KRAS-mutated (KRAS mut+) tumors, were adaptively randomly assigned to erlotinib (n = 22), erlotinib plus MK-2206 (n = 42), MK-2206 plus AZD6244 (n = 75), or sorafenib (n = 61). In all, 186 patients were evaluable, and the primary end point of an 8-week disease control rate (DCR) was 48% (arm 1, 32%; arm 2, 50%; arm 3, 53%; and arm 4, 46%). For KRAS mut+ patients, DCR was 20%, 25%, 62%, and 44% whereas for KRAS wild-type patients, DCR was 36%, 57%, 49%, and 47% for arms 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 2.0 months, not different by KRAS status, 1.8 months for arm 1, and 2.5 months for arms 2 versus arms 3 and 4 in KRAS mut+ patients (P = .04). Median overall survival was 6.5 months, 9.0 and 5.1 months for arms 1 and 2 versus arms 3 and 4 in KRAS wild-type patients (P = .03). Median overall survival was 7.5 months in mesenchymal versus 5 months in epithelial tumors (P = .02). CONCLUSION Despite improved progression-free survival on therapy that did not contain erlotinib for KRAS mut+ patients and improved prognosis for mesenchymal tumors, better biomarker-driven treatment strategies are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Anne S Tsao
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Frank V Fossella
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Julie G Izzo
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Scott N Gettinger
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Sarah B Goldberg
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Ximing Tang
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Vincent A Miller
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Ferdinandos Skoulidis
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Li Shen
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Caimiao Wei
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - S Andrew Peng
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Jing Wang
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Alda L Tam
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Ja Seok Koo
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - David J Mauro
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Eric H Rubin
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - John V Heymach
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, J. Jack Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Anne S. Tsao, Frank V. Fossella, Neda Kalhor, Sanjay Gupta, Lauren Averett Byers, Julie G. Izzo, Ximing Tang, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Don L. Gibbons, Li Shen, Caimiao Wei, Lixia Diao, S. Andrew Peng, Jing Wang, Alda L. Tam, John V. Heymach, and Waun Ki Hong, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Scott N. Gettinger, Sarah B. Goldberg, Ja Seok Koo, and Roy S. Herbst, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Vincent A. Miller, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA; Kevin R. Coombes, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and David J. Mauro and Eric H. Rubin, Merck, North Wales, PA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Clinical pharmacists are important contributors to the care of patients with cancer; it is therefore critical for oncology clinical pharmacists to stay current with new anticancer therapies. This review summarizes the epidemiology and pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer, including the most common genetic alterations, as well as the mechanism of action, clinical development, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor ceritinib for the treatment of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Targeted therapies based on the presence of specific mutations are an important development in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, acquired resistance to the first anaplastic lymphoma kinase-inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, crizotinib, is observed in almost half of patients treated with it. Ceritinib is an oral anaplastic lymphoma kinase-inhibitor that has demonstrated more potent antitumor activity than crizotinib in preclinical models. It was granted accelerated approval in 2014 to treat anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients who have progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib. Ceritinib represents an important alternative second-line therapy for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who have traditionally limited treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang H Au
- 1 Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,2 Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - David D Stenehjem
- 1 Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,2 Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Kahnert K, Kauffmann-Guerrero D, Huber RM. SCLC-State of the Art and What Does the Future Have in Store? Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:325-333. [PMID: 27397481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the total number of diagnosed lung cancer cases amounts to 1.8 million every year. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% to 17% of all diagnosed lung cancers. Despite all progress made in the field of non-small-cell lung cancer, the prognosis and therapeutic options in SCLC are still limited. The resistance of SCLC to conventional therapy as well as its high recurrence rate can be attributed to the heterogeneous genetic structure of SCLC; however, a targeted therapy approach to SCLC may build on this very heterogeneous genetic structure. SCLC is by now a well-characterized cancer with various genetic alterations; for example, mutations in tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1, alterations in chromosome 3p, JAK2, FGFR1, and MYC genes were discovered. Based on these findings, various treatment options (eg, aurora kinase inhibitors, PARP inhibition, immune checkpoint inhibition and vaccine therapy) are currently evaluated with the goal of determining their clinical effectiveness. In this article, we review the existing knowledge of SCLC genetics and the current treatment standards and highlight new approaches of immunotherapy and other targeted therapies, which may yield new treatment options and improve the outcome of patients with SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kahnert
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.
| | - Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Maria Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodriguez PC, Popa X, Martínez O, Mendoza S, Santiesteban E, Crespo T, Amador RM, Fleytas R, Acosta SC, Otero Y, Romero GN, de la Torre A, Cala M, Arzuaga L, Vello L, Reyes D, Futiel N, Sabates T, Catala M, Flores YI, Garcia B, Viada C, Lorenzo-Luaces P, Marrero MA, Alonso L, Parra J, Aguilera N, Pomares Y, Sierra P, Rodríguez G, Mazorra Z, Lage A, Crombet T, Neninger E. A Phase III Clinical Trial of the Epidermal Growth Factor Vaccine CIMAvax-EGF as Switch Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3782-90. [PMID: 26927662 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EGFR is a well-validated target for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CIMAvax-EGF is a therapeutic cancer vaccine composed of human recombinant EGF conjugated to a carrier protein and Montanide ISA51 as adjuvant. The vaccine is intended to induce antibodies against self EGFs that block EGF-EGFR interaction. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To evaluate overall survival, safety, immunogenicity, and EGF concentration in serum after CIMAvax-EGF, a randomized phase III trial was done in patients with advanced NSCLC. Four to 6 weeks after first-line chemotherapy, 405 patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were randomly assigned to a vaccine group, which received CIMAvax-EGF or a control group, treated with best supportive care. RESULTS Long-term vaccination was very safe. Most frequent adverse reactions were grade 1 or 2 injection-site pain, fever, vomiting, and headache. Vaccination induced anti-EGF antibodies and decreased serum EGF concentration. In the safety population, median survival time (MST) was 10.83 months in the vaccine arm versus 8.86 months in the control arm. These differences were not significant according the standard log rank (HR, 0.82; P = 0.100), but according a weighted log rank (P = 0.04) that was applied once the nonproportionality of the HR was verified. Survival benefit was significant (HR, 0.77; P = 0.036) in the per-protocol setting (patients receiving at least four vaccine doses): MST was 12.43 months for the vaccine arm versus 9.43 months for the control arm. MST was higher (14.66 months) for vaccinated patients with high EGF concentration at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Switch maintenance with CIMAvax-EGF was well tolerated and significantly increased MST of patients that completed induction vaccination. Baseline EGF concentration predicted survival benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3782-90. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Odeth Martínez
- Vladimir I. Lenin University Hospital, Holguín Province, Cuba
| | - Silvia Mendoza
- Manuel Ascunce University Hospital, Camagüey Province, Cuba
| | | | | | - Rosa M Amador
- III Congreso University Hospital, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba
| | | | - Soraida C Acosta
- Saturnino Lora University Hospital, Santiago de Cuba Province, Cuba
| | - Yanine Otero
- Camilo Cienfuegos University Hospital, Sancti Spiritus Province, Cuba
| | - Gala N Romero
- Carlos M. de Céspedes University Hospital, Granma Province, Cuba
| | - Ana de la Torre
- Celestino Hernández University Hospital, Villa Clara Province, Cuba
| | - Mireysi Cala
- Dr. Juan B. Zayas University Hospital, Santiago de Cuba Province, Cuba
| | - Lina Arzuaga
- Maria Curie University Hospital, Camagüey Province, Cuba
| | - Loisel Vello
- Antonio Luaces University Hospital, Ciego de Ávila Province, Cuba
| | | | - Niurka Futiel
- Celia Sánchez University Hospital, Granma Province, Cuba
| | - Teresa Sabates
- Dr. Gustavo Aldegueria University Hospital, Cienfuegos Province, Cuba
| | | | - Yoanna I Flores
- National Institute for Oncology & Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Maria A Marrero
- National Center for Clinical Trials Coordination, Havana, Cuba
| | - Liuba Alonso
- National Center for Clinical Trials Coordination, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jenelin Parra
- National Center for Clinical Trials Coordination, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nadia Aguilera
- National Center for Clinical Trials Coordination, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elia Neninger
- Hermanos Ameijeiras University Hospital, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Molecular genetic approaches in the diagnosis of lung cancer. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2015. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract83261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is an acute problem for the 21st century to find effective and inexpensive methods for early detection of lung cancer. Patients, suspected of having a malignant disease of lungs, generally undergo clinical studies such as CT scans of the chest and bronchoscopy. The latter is mainly used to confirm the diagnosis. However, even when the signs, symptoms and radiological findings indicate that clinical diagnosis of malignant lung disease is evident, additional invasive procedures for obtaining the biological material suitable for the final confirmation of the presence of malignant cells are required. Currently, there is a clear understanding of the need to find biomarkers able to detect pre-clinical stage of cancer cells using minimally invasive procedures.
Collapse
|
19
|
MicroRNA-92a promotes growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3215-25. [PMID: 26432332 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-92a (miR-92a) has been reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis of human various cancers. However, the roles and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-92a in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been totally elucidated. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the role of miR-92a and to elucidate its regulatory mechanism in NSCLC. We found that miR-92a was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to matched adjacent normal lung tissues, and its expression is significantly associated with clinical characteristics of patients, including tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage; tumor size; and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.01). Function assays demonstrated that upregulation of miR-92a in NSCLC cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, decreased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, and enhanced chemoresistance of NSCLC cells, whereas downregulation of miR-92a showed the opposite effects. Moreover, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a unique tumor suppressor gene, was confirmed as a direct target of miR-92a, and PTEN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was decreased in NSCLC tissues and was inversely correlated with miR-92a. Downregulation of PTEN could mimic the same effects of miR-92a mimic in NSCLC cells and rescue the effects on NSCLC cells induced by miR-92a inhibitor. Taken together, these findings suggested that miR-92a could promote growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance in NSCLC cells at least partially by targeting PTEN.
Collapse
|
20
|
Watanabe M, Yamamoto H, Hashida S, Soh J, Sugimoto S, Toyooka S, Miyoshi S. Primary pulmonary melanoma: a report of two cases. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:274. [PMID: 26376781 PMCID: PMC4573480 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a refractory malignancy with a dismal prognosis. It generally arises from the skin in most cases, and cases of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma are rare and often behave aggressively. We have treated two cases of localized primary pulmonary malignant melanoma using surgical resection. Pulmonary malignant melanomas often metastasize to the brain and liver; one of our cases exhibited metastasis to the cecum at about 8 months after surgery. Because cutaneous melanomas often carry activating mutations in the BRAF gene (V600E), we performed a BRAF mutational analysis using direct sequencing for both of these tumors arising from the lung. However, no BRAF mutations were detected. We detected a p53 mutation, which was thought to be a potential somatic mutation, in one of the two cases using a sequencing panel targeting 20 lung cancer-related genes. Although we also checked the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of the tumor cells by immunohistochemical testing, neither of our two cases expressed PD-L1. Further molecular analyses may uncover the characteristics of primary pulmonary malignant melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hashida
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Biobank of Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sugimoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
- Biobank of Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen C, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Mu D. microRNA-99a is downregulated and promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1128-1134. [PMID: 25663868 PMCID: PMC4315021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to play a key role in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. miRNA-99a (miR-99a), which is downregulated in several human malignancies, has been reported as a potential tumor suppressor. However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression and function of miR-99a has not been investigated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at present. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between NSCLC and miR-99a. miR-99a expression was analyzed in 15 pairs of NSCLC and non-cancerous tissue samples by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the NSCLC A549 and H1299 cell lines were transfected with miR-99a mimics, and the effect of miR-99a on the cell cycle, cell proliferation, migration and colony formation of A549 and H1299 cells was investigated. It was found that the level of miR-99a expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and that ectopic overexpression of miR-99a significantly inhibited the growth of A549 and H1299 cells. Additionally, ectopic overexpression of miR-99a inhibited A549 and H1299 cell migration and invasion by inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The downregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) by miR-99a and knockdown of IGF-1R mediated by siRNA were each found to phenocopy the effect of miR-99a overexpression in NSCLC. To the best of our knowledge, the present study demonstrated for the first time that, in NSCLC, miR-99a is downregulated and thus regulates proliferation, colony formation and migration through the IGF-1R pathway, which indicates that miR-99a is a diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Center Laboratory, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Center Laboratory, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Langevin SM, Kratzke RA, Kelsey KT. Epigenetics of lung cancer. Transl Res 2015; 165:74-90. [PMID: 24686037 PMCID: PMC4162853 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, have been reported widely in the literature to play a major role in the genesis of lung cancer. The goal of this review is to summarize the common epigenetic changes associated with lung cancer to give some clarity to its etiology, and to provide an overview of the potential translational applications of these changes, including applications for early detection, diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Revannasiddaiah S, Thakur P, Bhardwaj B, Susheela SP, Madabhavi I. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma: implications of the recent advances in molecular biology, treatment and the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:S502-25. [PMID: 25349702 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A decade ago, lung cancer could conveniently be classified into two broad categories-either the small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), or the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), mainly to assist in further treatment related decision making. However, the understanding regarding the eligibility of adenocarcinoma histology for treatments with agents such as pemetrexed and bevacizumab made it a necessity for NSCLC to be classified into more specific sub-groups. Then, the availability of molecular targeted therapy with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib not only further emphasized the need for accurate sub-classification of lung cancer, but also heralded the important role of molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinomas. Given the remarkable advances in molecular biology, oncology and radiology, a need for felt for a revised classification for lung adenocarcinoma, since the existing World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung cancer, published in the year 2004 was mainly a pathological system of classification. Thus, there was a combined effort by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) with an effort to inculcate newly established perspectives from clinical, molecular and radiological aspects in evolving a modern classification for lung adenocarcinomas. This review provides a summary of the recent advances in molecular biology and molecular targeted therapy with respect to lung adenocarcinoma. Also, a brief summation of the salient recommendations provided in the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinomas is provided. Lastly, a discussion regarding the future prospects with lung adenocarcinoma is included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Revannasiddaiah
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhaskar Bhardwaj
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sridhar Papaiah Susheela
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Irappa Madabhavi
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The influence of mtDNA deletion on lung cancer cells under the conditions of hypoxia and irradiation. Lung 2014; 192:997-1004. [PMID: 25218334 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to evaluate the influence of mtDNA deletion on the lung cancer cells under the conditions of hypoxia or irradiation. METHOD The treatment conditions of lung cancer cell lines with (A549) and without mtDNA (ρ0A549: obtained by inducing from A549) included 2 h of hypoxia and 4 Gy irradiation (group 1: without treatment; group 2: 2 h of hypoxia; group 3: 4 Gy irradiation; group 4: 2 h of hypoxia plus 4 Gy irradiation). The Human OneArray™ microarray was used to hybridize with the Cy5-labeled aRNA in microarray sample preparation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the lung cancer cells with and without mtDNA were identified using NOISeq package in R. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the online tool of DAVID. RESULT In the KEGG pathway analysis of down-regulated DEGs, nineteen pathways were simultaneously enriched in the four groups, which were mainly metabolism- and biosynthesis-related pathways. Nine lung cancer-related pathways were enriched in group 4, and more cancer-associated DEGs, such as MYC, MAX, and E2F1 were found in group 4 than in the other groups. CONCLUSION The mtDNA deletion could inhibit the biosynthesis and metabolism of lung cancer cells and promote the effect of hypoxia and radiation on lung cancer cells. MYC might be the key gene of the cooperation of hypoxia and radiation and MYC, MAX, and E2F1 might play roles in hypoxia- and radiation-induced cell death in lung cancer cells without mtDNA.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dimou A, Papadimitrakopoulou V. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer beyond Biomarkers: The Evolving Landscape of Clinical Trial Design. J Pers Med 2014; 4:386-401. [PMID: 25563357 PMCID: PMC4263964 DOI: 10.3390/jpm4030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of EGFR and ALK directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors materialized the concept of tailoring therapy on the basis of specific biomarkers for treating patients with NSCLC. Research for other biologics, although demonstrating clinical benefit, has been less successful so far for producing biomarkers that predict response. Blocking angiogenesis is the prototype for the agents that belong in the latter group that target specific molecules, yet they are currently approved for relatively unselected groups of patients. In order to meet the goal of personalizing care in the various settings of NSCLC, a wealth of biologics and compounds are currently being tested in clinical trials in different phases of clinical development. In a subset of the relevant studies, a biomarker perspective is appreciated. This review summarizes the clinical rationale of the major ongoing phase II and III NSCLC studies that employ targeting specific molecules with novel agents, as well as innovative strategies, and includes a comparative discussion of the different designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Dimou
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Street, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
| | - Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 432, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lennon FE, Salgia R. Mitochondrial dynamics: biology and therapy in lung cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:675-92. [PMID: 24654596 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.899350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer mortality rates remain at unacceptably high levels. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of most tumor types, mitochondrial dynamics are often overlooked. Altered rates of mitochondrial fission and fusion are observed in lung cancer and can influence metabolic function, proliferation and cell survival. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors outline the mechanisms of mitochondrial fission and fusion. They also identify key regulatory proteins and highlight the roles of fission and fusion in metabolism and other cellular functions (e.g., proliferation, apoptosis) with an emphasis on lung cancer and the interaction with known cancer biomarkers. They also examine the current therapeutic strategies reported as altering mitochondrial dynamics and review emerging mitochondria-targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION Mitochondrial dynamics are an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in lung cancer. Mitochondrial dysfunction, despite its molecular heterogeneity, is a common abnormality of lung cancer. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics can alter mitochondrial metabolism, and many current therapies already non-specifically affect mitochondrial dynamics. A better understanding of mitochondrial dynamics and their interaction with currently identified cancer 'drivers' such as Kirsten-Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene homolog will lead to the development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Lennon
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology , 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115 Chicago, IL 60637 , USA +1 773 702 4399 ; +1 773 834 1798 ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abi-Jaoudeh N, Duffy AG, Greten TF, Kohn EC, Clark TWI, Wood BJ. Personalized oncology in interventional radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 24:1083-92; quiz 1093. [PMID: 23885909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As personalized medicine becomes more applicable to oncologic practice, image-guided biopsies will be integral for enabling predictive and pharmacodynamic molecular pathology. Interventional radiology has a key role in defining patient-specific management. Advances in diagnostic techniques, genomics, and proteomics enable a window into subcellular mechanisms driving hyperproliferation, metastatic capabilities, and tumor angiogenesis. A new era of personalized medicine has evolved whereby clinical decisions are adjusted according to a patient's molecular profile. Several mutations and key markers already have been introduced into standard oncologic practice. A broader understanding of personalized oncology will help interventionalists play a greater role in therapy selection and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Abi-Jaoudeh
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
The clinicopathological significance of Lgr5 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:143-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
29
|
Tan Y, Chen B, Xu W, Zhao W, Wu J. Clinicopathological significance of CD133 in lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 2:111-115. [PMID: 24649317 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is one of the most commonly used markers of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by their ability for self-renewal and tumorigenicity. However, the clinical value and significance of CD133 in lung cancer remains controversial. Due to the limited size of the individual studies, the association between CD133 and the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer had not been fully elucidated. A meta-analysis based on published studies was performed with the aim of evaluating the effect of CD133 on the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer and to investigate the role of CSCs in the prognosis of lung cancer. A total of 15 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis and our results indicated that a positive CD133 expression was significantly associated with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis, although it was not associated with tumor stage or histological type. Therefore, CD133 may be considered as a prognostic maker of lung cancer. Further clinical studies, with larger patient samples, unified methods and cut-off levels to detect CD133 expression, classified by tumor stage, therapeutic schedule, follow-up time and survival events, are required to determine the role of CD133 in clinical application and the association between CD133 and the prognosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxi Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodriguez PC, Sanchez B. Challenges and opportunities for cancer vaccines in the current NSCLC clinical scenario. Curr Top Med Chem 2013; 13:2551-61. [PMID: 24066886 PMCID: PMC4104452 DOI: 10.2174/15680266113136660182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed to focus on NSCLC as an emerging and promising model for active immunotherapy and the challenges for its inclusion in the current clinical scenario. Cancer vaccines for NSCLC have been focused as a therapeutic option based on the identification of a tumor hallmark and the active immunization with the related molecules that triggers cellular and/or humoral responses that consequently destroy or delay the rate of malignant progression. This therapeutic intervention in an established disease state has been aimed to impact into prolonging patient´s survival with ethically accepted quality of life. Understanding of relationship between structure and function in cancer vaccines is essential to interpret their opportunities to impact into prolonging survival and increasing quality of life in cancer patients. It is widely accepted that the failure of the cancer vaccines in the NSCLC scenario is related with its introduction in the advanced disease stages and poor performance status of the patients due to the combination of the tumor induced immunosuppression with the immune senescence. Despite first, second and emerging third line of onco-specific treatments the life expectancy for NSCLC patients diagnosed at advanced stages is surrounding the 12 months of median survival and in facts the today real circumstances are extremely demanding for the success inclusion of cancer vaccines as therapeutic choice in the clinical scenario. The kinetics of the active immunizations encompasses a sequential cascade of clinical endpoints: starting by the activation of the immune system, followed by the antitumor response and finalizing with the consequential impact on patients’ overall survival. Today this cascade of clinical endpoints is the backbone for active immunization assessment and moreover the concept of cancer vaccines, applied in the NSCLC setting, is just evolving as a complex therapeutic strategy, in which the opportunities for cancer vaccines start from the selection of the target cancer hallmark, followed by the vaccine formulation and its platforms for immune potentiating, also cover the successful insertion in the standard of care, the chronic administration beyond progression disease, the personalization based on predictors of response and the potential combination with other targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro C Rodriguez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Clinical Research Direction, 216 and 15, Playa, P.O.Box: 16040, Havana 11600, Cuba.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Genetic alterations defining NSCLC subtypes and their therapeutic implications. Lung Cancer 2013; 82:179-89. [PMID: 24011633 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for more deaths than breast, prostate and colon cancer combined. While treatment decisions are determined primarily by stage, therapeutically non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has traditionally been treated as a single disease. However, recent findings have led to the recognition of histology and molecular subtypes as important determinants in treatment selection. Identifying the genetic differences that define these molecular and histological subtypes has the potential to impact treatment and as such is currently the focus of much research. Microarray and genomic sequencing efforts have provided unparalleled insight into the genomes of lung cancer subtypes, specifically adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), revealing subtype specific genomic alterations and molecular subtypes as well as differences in cell signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the recurrent genomic alterations characteristic of AC and SqCC (including molecular subtypes), their therapeutic implications and emerging clinical practices aimed at tailoring treatments based on a tumor's molecular alterations with the hope of improving patient response and survival.
Collapse
|
32
|
Taira C, Matsuda K, Yamaguchi A, Sueki A, Koeda H, Takagi F, Kobayashi Y, Sugano M, Honda T. Novel high-speed droplet-allele specific-polymerase chain reaction: application in the rapid genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:39-46. [PMID: 23685227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide alterations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and single nucleotide mutations are associated with responses to drugs and predisposition to several diseases, and they contribute to the pathogenesis of malignancies. We developed a rapid genotyping assay based on the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) with our droplet-PCR machine (droplet-AS-PCR). METHODS Using 8 SNP loci, we evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of droplet-AS-PCR. Buccal cells were pretreated with proteinase K and subjected directly to the droplet-AS-PCR without DNA extraction. The genotypes determined using the droplet-AS-PCR were then compared with those obtained by direct sequencing. RESULTS Specific PCR amplifications for the 8 SNP loci were detected, and the detection limit of the droplet-AS-PCR was found to be 0.1-5.0% by dilution experiments. Droplet-AS-PCR provided specific amplification when using buccal cells, and all the genotypes determined within 9 min were consistent with those obtained by direct sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Our novel droplet-AS-PCR assay enabled high-speed amplification retaining specificity and sensitivity and provided ultra-rapid genotyping. Crude samples such as buccal cells were available for the droplet-AS-PCR assay, resulting in the reduction of the total analysis time. Droplet-AS-PCR may therefore be useful for genotyping or the detection of single nucleotide alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Taira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yamaguchi F, Kugawa S, Tateno H, Kokubu F, Fukuchi K. Analysis of EGFR, KRAS and P53 mutations in lung cancer using cells in the curette lavage fluid obtained by bronchoscopy. Lung Cancer 2012; 78:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
34
|
Maki Y, Soh J, Ichimura K, Shien K, Furukawa M, Muraoka T, Tanaka N, Ueno T, Yamamoto H, Asano H, Tsukuda K, Toyooka S, Miyoshi S. Impact of GLUT1 and Ki-67 expression on early‑stage lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed according to a new international multidisciplinary classification. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:133-40. [PMID: 23076555 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression levels of glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1) and Ki-67 are reportedly associated with malignancy-related clinicopathological factors in malignant tumors. Recently, a new histological IASLC/ATS/ERS classification for lung adenocarcinoma was proposed. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological impact of GLUT1 and Ki-67 expression on early-stage lung adenocarcinoma classified according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. One hundred and five patients with completely resected stage IA lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively classified into two groups, a 'non-invasive type' (n=31) or an 'invasive type' (n=74), based on the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. GLUT1 and Ki-67 expression status was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS mutation status was determined using PCR-based assays. Positive GLUT1 and Ki-67 expression and EGFR and KRAS mutations were detected in 28 (27%), 33 (31%), 51 (49%) and 5 (8%) cases, respectively. Positive GLUT1 expression was significantly associated with a wild-type EGFR and mutant KRAS status. A multivariate analysis revealed that positive GLUT1 expression was independently associated with the 'invasive type'. In multivariate analyses for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), positive Ki-67 and GLUT1 expression was the only independent factor for a poor OS (P=0.012) and DFS (P=0.040), respectively. In addition, when stratified according to the GLUT1 and Ki-67 status, double-positive cases had the poorest DFS and OS times, compared with the other categories. Positive GLUT1 expression is associated with the invasive character of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and with early disease relapse. Our results strongly suggest that GLUT1 and Ki-67 play important roles in acquiring biological malignant potential in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Maki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ueno T, Toyooka S, Suda K, Soh J, Yatabe Y, Miyoshi S, Matsuo K, Mitsudomi T. Impact of age on epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012; 78:207-11. [PMID: 23036155 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is one of the best, but rarely referred, risk factors for various types of cancer including lung cancer, because age could be a surrogate for accumulation of genetic events in cancers. Smoking inversely associates with the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in lung cancer, but its strong confounding with age and sex makes it difficult to evaluate sole impact of age. To clarify an impact of age on EGFR mutation, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on data of 1262 lung cancer patients. The associations between EGFR mutation and age, considering sex, smoking and histology, were evaluated using logistic regression models. In multivariate analysis, we found a significant increase of EGFR mutation prevalence by increase of age (p-trend=0.0004). Consistent trend was observed among never-smoking females (p-trend=0.011) and never-smoking males also showed similar trend although not significant. These were consistently observed when we limit the subject to those with adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, age independently associates with EGFR mutation among lung cancer. Positive association between EGFR mutation and age among never-smokers regardless of sex might indicate that EGFR mutation occurs cumulatively by unidentified internal/external factors other than smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pogribny IP, Beland FA. DNA methylome alterations in chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2012; 334:39-45. [PMID: 23010082 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis, a complex multifactorial process of the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells, is characterized by many biologically significant and interdependent alterations triggered by the mutational and/or non-mutational (i.e., epigenetic) events. One of these events, specific to all types of cancer, is alterations in DNA methylation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of DNA methylation changes induced by various genotoxic chemicals (carcinogenic agents that interact with DNA) and non-genotoxic carcinogens (chemicals causing tumor by mechanisms other than directly damaging DNA) in the lung, colorectal, liver, and hematologic carcinogenesis. It also emphasizes the potential role for epigenetic changes to serve as markers for carcinogen exposure and carcinogen risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu ZL, Wang H, Liu J, Wang ZX. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) expression promotes growth, metastasis, and chemo- or radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 372:35-45. [PMID: 22956424 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to target sites and initiating translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. In our previous study, we have shown that expression of serum microRNA (miR)-21 is correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis and might be an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients. However, the roles of miR-21 overexpression in NSCLC development are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of miR-21 and determine whether miR-21 can be a therapeutic target for human NSCLC. Taqman real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to detect miR-21 expression in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Next, the effects of miR-21 expression on NSCLC cell characteristics including growth, invasion, and chemo- or radioresistance were also determined. Results showed that miR-21 is commonly upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues with important functional consequences. In addition, we found that anti-miR-21 could significantly inhibit growth, migration and invasion, and reverse chemo- or radioresistance of NSCLC cells, while miR-21 mimics could increase growth, promote migration and invasion, and enhance chemo- or radioresistance of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, miR-21 mimics could inhibit expression of PTEN mRNA and protein and the luciferase activity of a PTEN 3'-untranslated region (UTR)-based reporter construct in A549 cells, while anti-miR-21 could increase expression of PTEN mRNA and protein and the luciferase activity of a PTEN 3'-UTR-based reporter construct in A549 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PTEN could mimic the same effects of anti-miR-21 in NSCLC cells, and siRNA-mediated downregulation of PTEN could rescue the effects on NSCLC cells induced by anti-miR-21. Taken together, these results provide evidence to show the promotion role of miR-21 in NSCLC development through modulation of the PTEN signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Muraoka T, Soh J, Toyooka S, Maki Y, Shien K, Furukawa M, Ueno T, Tanaka N, Yamamoto H, Asano H, Tsukuda K, Miyoshi S. Impact of aberrant methylation of microRNA-9 family members on non-small cell lung cancers. Mol Clin Oncol 2012; 1:185-189. [PMID: 24649145 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) contribute to cancer development and progression by acting as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. miR-9 family members (miR-9s), including miR-9-1, 9-2 and 9-3, have been shown to be oncogenically involved through the downregulation of E-cadherin expression, which promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumor suppressive roles of miR-9s have also been reported to silence miR-9 through methylation, which is associated with an shortened overall survival (OS) period in several types of cancer. In this study, the impact of miR-9s methylation on non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) was investigated. In total, 293 resected NSCLC samples were examined and the miR-9s methylation status was determined using a combined bisulfite restriction analysis. miR-9 expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization. Methylation of miR-9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 was present in 20 (7%), 33 (11%) and 34 (12%) of the cases, respectively. Methylation of any miR-9s (miR-9s methylation) was observed in 76 of the cases (26%), and miR-9 expression was silenced in cases with miR-9s methylation. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male gender [odds ratio (OR), 2.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-3.6; P=0.01] and pathologically negative lymph node metastasis (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.4-17.2; P=0.002) were independent relative factors for miR-9s methylation. Additionally, miR-9s methylation [hazard ratio (HR), 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2-27.0; P=0.026] and early pathological stage (HR, 8.3; 95% CI, 2.1-28.6; P=0.004) were found to be independent predictive factors for prolonged OS time by the Cox proportional hazard test. miR-9s methylation which induces expression silencing is common in NSCLC cases without lymph nodal metastasis, suggesting that miR-9s are oncogenically involved in NSCLC carcinogenesis through the promotion of tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Muraoka
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuho Maki
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masashi Furukawa
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tanaka
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asano
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsukuda
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Miyoshi
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang T, Jiang M, Kong X, Cai YD. Dysfunctions associated with methylation, microRNA expression and gene expression in lung cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43441. [PMID: 22912875 PMCID: PMC3422260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating high-throughput data obtained from different molecular levels is essential for understanding the mechanisms of complex diseases such as cancer. In this study, we integrated the methylation, microRNA and mRNA data from lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues using functional gene sets. For each Gene Ontology (GO) term, three sets were defined: the methylation set, the microRNA set and the mRNA set. The discriminating ability of each gene set was represented by the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), as evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). Next, the MCCs in the methylation sets, the microRNA sets and the mRNA sets were ranked. By comparing the MCC ranks of methylation, microRNA and mRNA for each GO term, we classified the GO sets into six groups and identified the dysfunctional methylation, microRNA and mRNA gene sets in lung cancer. Our results provide a systematic view of the functional alterations during tumorigenesis that may help to elucidate the mechanisms of lung cancer and lead to improved treatments for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- Institute of Systems Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang J, Lan H, Huang X, Liu B, Tong Y. MicroRNA-126 inhibits tumor cell growth and its expression level correlates with poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42978. [PMID: 22900072 PMCID: PMC3416793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is controversial whether microRNA-126 is a tumor suppressive or oncogenic miRNA. More experiments are needed to determine whether microRNA-126 is associated with non-small cell lung cancer risk and prognosis. Methods Over-expression of microRNA-126 was performed to evaluate the cell invasion and tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and nude mouse xenograft model. Gain-of-function experiments and luciferase assays were performed to reveal the relationship between microRNA-126 and PI3K-Akt signal pathway in A549 cells. We analyzed the associations of the microRNA-126 expression between genetic variants within microRNA-126 and clinical information including smoking status, sex, age, and histological type and the tumor stage. Results Over-expression of microRNA-126 in NSCLC cell lines decreased cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in the nude mouse xenograft model. And microRNA-126 repressed the activity of PI3K-Akt pathway by targeting binding sites in the 3′-untranslated region of PI3KR2 mRNA. The expression level of microRNA-126 was decreased in NSCLC lines and tumor tissues. The patients with low microRNA-126 expression had significantly poorer survival time than those with high microRNA-126 expression (means for survival time (month): 24.392±1.055 vs. 29.282±1.140, P = 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of the microRNA-126 variant (G>A, rs4636297) between cases and controls (P = 0.366). In addition, there was no association between SNP rs4636297 and survival time in NSCLC patients (P = 0.992). And microRNA-126 expression had no significant difference among the three genotype groups (P = 0.972). Conclusions Our data indicate that microRNA-126 is a tumor-suppressor gene in NSCLC and low microRNA-126 expression is a unfavorable prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. However, the regulatory mechanism of microRNA-126 remains to be elucidated in different normal and malignant tissues. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the tumor suppressive functions of microRNA-126 in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haitao Lan
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baoyu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Army General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institute of Woman and Children’s Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ding C, Li R, Wang P, Jin P, Li S, Guo Z. Identification of sequence polymorphisms in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA as a risk factor for lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:251-4. [PMID: 22708867 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.674120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may be associated with an increased cancer risk. We investigated the lung cancer risk profile of D-loop SNPs in a case-controlled study. The minor alleles of nucleotides 235A/G and 324A/G were associated with an increased risk for lung cancer patients. The minor alleles of the nucleotides 151C/T, 200A/G, 524C/CA, and 16274G/A were specifically associated with the cancer risk of squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the minor allele of nucleotide 16298T/C was specifically associated with the risk of small cell lung cancer. In conclusion, SNPs in mtDNA are potential modifiers of lung cancer risk. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop can help identify subgroups of patients who are at a high risk of developing lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuimin Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Knockdown of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene to investigate its therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers. Clin Lung Cancer 2012; 13:488-93. [PMID: 22503506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often overexpressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Anti-EGFR agents, including EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors are considered to be effective when a drug-sensitive EGFR mutation is present. However, inherent and acquired resistances are major problems of EGFR-targeting therapies. In this study, we performed EGFR knockdown by using small interfering RNAs in NSCLC cell lines to examine the significance of targeting EGFR for NSCLC therapy. METHODS We treated 13 NSCLC cell lines, including 8 EGFR mutant and 5 EGFR wild type by using gefitinib or small interfering RNAs against EGFR (siEGFR). Three cell lines (PC-9-GR1, RPC-9, and HCC827-ER) were experimentally established with acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The antitumor effect was determined by using an 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxyphenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) or colony formation assay. The protein expression was evaluated by using Western blotting. RESULTS All 13 cell lines expressed EGFR protein, and siEGFR downregulated EGFR protein expression in all. The cell viability was suppressed by siEGFR in 6 of 8 EGFR-mutant cell lines (suppressed 57%-92% of control cells), including PC-9-GR1 and RPC-9. The NCI-H1650 and HCC827-ER harbored EGFR mutations but were not suppressed. Of note, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) was deleted in NCI-H1650, and c-MET was amplified in HCC827-ER. It was not suppressed in any of the EGFR wild-type cells except in the NCI-H411, in which EGFR is phosphorylated, which indicates its activation. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the results indicated that EGFR can be a therapeutic target in NSCLCs with EGFR activation. In contrast, targeting EGFR is not appropriate for tumors in which EGFR is not activated, even if EGFR is expressed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Shien K, Toyooka S, Ichimura K, Soh J, Furukawa M, Maki Y, Muraoka T, Tanaka N, Ueno T, Asano H, Tsukuda K, Yamane M, Oto T, Kiura K, Miyoshi S. Prognostic impact of cancer stem cell-related markers in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with induction chemoradiotherapy. Lung Cancer 2012; 77:162-7. [PMID: 22387005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of several cancer stem cell (CSC)-related markers has been confirmed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical role of CSC-related markers in patients with NSCLC undergoing induction chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Fifty patients with clinically diagnosed N2 or N3 NSCLC who underwent induction CRT with docetaxel and cisplatin concurrently with thoracic radiation followed by surgery were examined in this study. The expressions of CSC related markers (CD133, ALDH1, ABCG2, and Bmi-1) were examined using immunohistochemical staining in surgically resected specimens. Among the 50 patients, 20 patients had no residual tumor cells in the resected specimen when examined pathologically; CSC-related marker expressions and their correlation to survival were evaluated in the other 30 patients. After a median follow-up period of 72 months, the 5-year overall survival rate of the patients with CD133-positive or ALDH1-positive specimens was significantly worse than that of the patients with both CD133-negative and ALDH1-negative expressions (44.9% vs. 90.0%, respectively; P = 0.042). In a multivariate analysis, CD133 and ALDH1 negativity (P = 0.047) and cN2-3 single station metastasis (P = 0.03) were significant independent prognostic factors for prolonged survival. The expressions of CSC-related markers after CRT were significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. The development of therapeutic strategies including adjuvant therapy that take CSC-related marker positivity into consideration is likely to be a key factor in further improvements of the prognosis of patients undergoing trimodality therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tanaka N, Toyooka S, Soh J, Kubo T, Yamamoto H, Maki Y, Muraoka T, Shien K, Furukawa M, Ueno T, Asano H, Tsukuda K, Aoe K, Miyoshi S. Frequent methylation and oncogenic role of microRNA-34b/c in small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2011; 76:32-8. [PMID: 22047961 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor with a dismal prognosis among primary lung cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes in human malignancy. The miR-34 family is comprised of tumor-suppressive miRNAs, and its reduced expression by methylation has been reported in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the alteration and tumor-suppressive impact of miR-34s in SCLC. The methylation of miR-34a and miR-34b/c was observed in 4 (36%) and 7 (64%) of 11 SCLC cell lines, respectively. Among the 27 SCLC clinical specimens, miR-34a and miR-34b/c were methylated in 4 (15%) and 18 (67%), respectively. In contrast, 13 (28%) miR-34a methylated cases and 12 (26%) miR-34b/c methylated cases were found in 47 NSCLC primary tumors. The frequency of miR-34b/c methylation was significantly higher in SCLC than in NSCLC (p<0.001). The expressions of miR-34s were reduced in methylated cell lines and tumors and restored after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, indicating that methylation was responsible for the reduced expression of miR-34s. Because the frequency of methylation was higher in miR-34b/c, we focused on miR-34b/c for a functional analysis. We examined the effect of miR-34b/c introduction on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The transfection of miR-34b/c to two SCLC cell lines (H1048 and SBC5) resulted in the significant inhibition of cell growth, migration, and invasion, compared with control transfectants. Our results indicate that the aberrant methylation of miR-34b/c plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SCLC, implying that miR-34b/c may be a useful therapeutic target for SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Tanaka
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ueno T, Tsukuda K, Toyooka S, Ando M, Takaoka M, Soh J, Asano H, Maki Y, Muraoka T, Tanaka N, Shien K, Furukawa M, Yamatsuji T, Kiura K, Naomoto Y, Miyoshi S. Strong anti-tumor effect of NVP-AUY922, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, on non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2011; 76:26-31. [PMID: 21996088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tumor activity of a newly developed Hsp90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922 (AUY922), against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was examined. Twenty-one NSCLC cell lines were used, the somatic alterations of which were characterized. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a modified MTS assay. Expression of the client proteins was assessed using Western blotting. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. The IC50 value of AUY922 for the NSCLC cell lines ranged from 5.2 to 860 nM (median, 20.4 nM). Based on previous data, cells with an IC50 of less than 50 nM were classified as sensitive cells and 19 of the 21 NSCLC cell lines were judged to be sensitive. The IC50 of five malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines revealed that the MPM cells had a significantly higher IC50 value (median, 89.2 nM; range, 22.2-24,100 nM) than the NSCLC cells (p=0.015). There was significant depletion of both the total and phosphorylated client proteins--EGFR, MET, HER2 and AKT--at low drug concentrations (50-100 nM) in drug-sensitive cell lines. Cell-cycle analysis was performed for two sensitive cell lines, H1975 and H838. Following AUY922 treatment, an increase in the sub-G0-G1 cell population, as well as appearance of cleaved PARP expression, indicated the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, AUY922 was effective against most NSCLC cell lines, independent of the type of known molecular alteration, and appears to be a promising new drug for the treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|