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Kamaszewski M, Kawalski K, Wiechetek W, Szudrowicz H, Martynow J, Adamek-Urbańska D, Łosiewicz B, Szczepański A, Bujarski P, Frankowska-Łukawska J, Chwaściński A, Aksakal E. The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Digestive System, Gonad Morphology, and Physiology of Butterfly Splitfin ( Ameca splendens). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14598. [PMID: 37834045 PMCID: PMC10572687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the morphology and enzymatic activity of butterfly splitfin (Ameca splendens). Individuals of both sexes, aged about five months, were exposed to AgNPs at concentrations of 0 (control group), 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/dm3 for 42 days. On the last day of the experiment, the fish were euthanized, subjected to standard histological processing (anterior intestine, liver, and gonads), and analysed for digestive enzyme activity in the anterior intestine and oxidative stress markers in the liver. Fish in the AgNP 0.01 and 0.1 groups had the lowest anterior intestinal fold and enterocyte height. However, there were no statistically significant changes in the digestive enzyme activity in the anterior intestine. Analysis of enzymatic activity in the liver showed an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in fish in the AgNP 0.1 group. Histological analyses showed that AgNPs inhibited meiotic divisions at prophase I in a non-linear manner in ovaries and testes. In the AgNP 0.1 and 1.0 groups, the area occupied by spermatocytes was lower compared to the other groups. These results indicate that exposure to AgNPs may lead to disturbances in morphology and enzymatic activity in the liver and intestine and may lead to disruption of reproduction in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kamaszewski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Kawalski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Wiechetek
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Szudrowicz
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Martynow
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dobrochna Adamek-Urbańska
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogumił Łosiewicz
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Szczepański
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Bujarski
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksander Chwaściński
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ercüment Aksakal
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
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Kasprzak R, Grzeszkiewicz AB, Górecka A. Performance of Co-Housed Neon Tetras ( Paracheirodon innesi) and Glowlight Rasboras ( Trigonostigma hengeli) Fed Commercial Flakes and Lyophilized Natural Food. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123520. [PMID: 34944294 PMCID: PMC8697964 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little to no research has been conducted thus far regarding aquarium fish nutrition. In order to ensure the welfare of house-kept ornamentals, such studies should take into account that there are distinct biological differences occurring between different fish species/taxa, especially in regard to the structure of their digestive organs. Accordingly, a 12-week trial was executed to assess the effects of two commercial flakes and a mix of lyophilized natural food on the condition of co-reared neon tetras, Paracheirodon innesi (Characidae), and glowlight rasboras, Trigonostigma hengeli (Danionidae). The four feeding groups were as follows: (T)-Tetra flakes; (O)-Omega flakes; (TO)-Tetra + Omega; (TOL)-Tetra + Omega + Lyophilizate (twice a week). There were no differences in final body weight (FBW) between the feeding groups of either species, but in the case of neon tetras, FBW increased significantly from the initial value only for the T group. However, histological observations and measurements of digestive organs (livers, intestines) showed pronounced differences between the two species. The supplementation with natural food in group TOL caused lipoid hepatic degeneration only in the rasboras. The healthiest histological structure of livers and longest intestinal folds were found in group T of the tetras and group TO of the rasboras. Whole-mount staining for bone and cartilage did not reveal any significant deformities or differences in terms of bone mineralization. In conclusion, it was outlined that concurrent feeding of co-housed, anatomically diverse ornamental fish species is a highly ambiguous task, because the nutritional strategy applied for a community tank may yield radically divergent effects, most of which may remain unnoticed when depending only on external body observations and measurements. Most emphatically, this was highlighted in regard to the dietary supplementation with natural food-although no significant effects were observed in neon tetras, severe lipoid liver degeneration occurred in glowlight rasboras.
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