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Berouaken A, Rihani R, Marra FS. Study of sparger design effects on the hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of a D-shape hybrid airlift reactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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2
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Li L, Xu X, Wang W, Lau R, Wang CH. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer of concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127451. [PMID: 35716864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactor is a typical reactor configuration which has been adopted for a myriad of chemical and biological processes. The reactor hydrodynamics (including mixing) and the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases remarkably affect the operational conditions and thus are crucial to the overall reactor performance. Hence, this study aims at providing a thorough description of the basic concepts and a comprehensive review of the relevant reported studies on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors, taking microalgae cultivation as an exemplary application. In particular, the reactor characteristics, geometry, CFD modeling, experimental characterization, and scale up considerations are elucidated. The research gaps for future research and development are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore.
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Marroquín-Fandiño JE, Ramírez-Acosta CM, Luna-Wandurraga HJ, Valderrama-Rincón JA, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Valderrama-Rincon JD. Novel external-loop-airlift milliliter scale bioreactors for cell growth studies: Low cost design, CFD analysis and experimental characterization. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:71-82. [PMID: 32991936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many researchers have limited access to fully equipped laboratory-scale batch bioreactors and chemostats due to their relatively high cost. This becomes particularly prohibitive when multiple replicas of the same experiment are required, but not enough bioreactors are available to operate simultaneously. Additionally, experiments using shaken flasks are common but show significant limitations in terms of maintaining homogeneous conditions in liquid cultures or installing instrumentation for monitoring. Here, we proposed to tackle this significant hurdle by providing a route to make available the manufacture of low-cost, milliliter-scale bioreactors. This approach seems plausible for enabling proof-of-concept experiments before moving to a larger scale without significant investments. The conceptually designed systems were based on external-loop bioreactors due to their flexibility, simplicity, and ease of assembling and testing. Designs were initially evaluated in silico with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics. The successfully evaluated systems were then constructed via additive manufacturing and assembled for hydrodynamics testing via tracer methods. This was enabled by a newly home-made optical absorbance sensor (OAS) for in-line and real-time measurements. Both the in silico and experimental results indicated close to ideal mixing conditions and low shear stress. Cell growth curves were prepared by culturing Escherichia coli and following its cell density in real-time. Our cell growth rate and maximum cell density were similar to those previously obtained in closely related systems. Therefore, the proposed bioreactors are an affordable alternative for batch and continuous cell growth studies rapidly and inexpensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Manuel Ramírez-Acosta
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | | | | | - Juan C Cruz
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | - Luis H Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | - Juan D Valderrama-Rincon
- Grupo GRESIA, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia.
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Bun S, Wongwailikhit K, Chawaloesphonsiya N, Lohwacharin J, Ham P, Painmanakul P. Development of modified airlift reactor (MALR) for improving oxygen transfer: optimize design and operation condition using 'design of experiment' methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2670-2682. [PMID: 30741612 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1579869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen scarcity may significantly affect the process performance since it has low aqueous solubility and high demand by chemical and biological processes. The oxygen mass transfer is therefore necessary to enhance. This work aimed to develop the gas-liquid reactor, named Modified Airlift Reactor (MALR) for improving the oxygen transfer efficiency in terms of internal configurations and aeration parameters by equipping a vertical baffle for creating liquid circulation phenomena, and installing slanted baffles in the reactor riser to extend air-bubbles retention time and to improve their distributions. Since extremum conditions of the investigated factors may inefficient, optimum levels are required to identify. 2 k factorial and response surface design of Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology were applied to optimize these complex variables in terms of overall liquid mass transfer coefficient (K L a) of clean water. As a result, the main effective factors of MALR with their optimum value are amount of baffles (N b ∼ 3 baffles), baffle angle (α ∼ 50°), position of base area (Y r ∼ 10 cm), open space on baffle (A s ∼ 90 cm2), and gas flow (Qg). Increasing Qg resulted better K L a for the studied ranges (2-18 LPM). At the optimum condition, the improvement of MALR in terms of K L a coefficient was increased up to 97% and 28% compared to the regular bubble column and airlift reactor, respectively, at a certain gas flow without any extra energy. The correlation models of K L a coefficient with significant variables and power consumption were constructed for future estimation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saret Bun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Rural Engineering, Institut de Technologie du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kritchart Wongwailikhit
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- INSA, UPS, INPT; LISBP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nattawin Chawaloesphonsiya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jenyuk Lohwacharin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phaly Ham
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Rural Engineering, Institut de Technologie du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pisut Painmanakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence of Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Amiri P, Behin J. Assessment of wastes recycling for deinking purposes in ozone assisted green process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21859-21871. [PMID: 32285393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates techno-economic aspects of wastepaper recycling to optimize process efficiency and operating cost. The deinking was carried out using pulping followed by froth flotation. The development of a waste management process was achieved employing refinery wastewater to provide chemical reagents in pulping. Ozone was also used as a gas media in flotation to improve brightness and number of ink-spot and to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) simultaneously. An enhancement in the brightness was observed from 50.1 to 64.1% ISO that was superior to the brightness of virgin newspaper before printing (61.0% ISO). It was equivalent to a reduction of 55% (from > 100,000 to 45,058) in number of ink-spot. The quality of flotation effluent was assessed by measuring the COD and phthalocyanine concentration. The COD reduction of 67% (from 3250 to 1072 mg/L) and phthalocyanine reduction of 85% (from 2 to 0.3 mg/L) were achieved after 30 min ozonation. According to the obtained results, approximately 67% of the direct (variable) cost reduced while the wastewater was used in pulping because of saving NaOH and water consumption. Associating the refinery and paper recycling wastewater treatment units, while taking into account the environmental and economic benefits of ozone, results in a quality paper and significantly preserves the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Amiri
- Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jamshid Behin
- Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Esperança MN, Mendes CE, Rodriguez GY, Cerri MO, Béttega R, Badino AC. Sparger design as key parameter to define shear conditions in pneumatic bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prończuk M, Bizon K. Investigation of the liquid mixing characteristic of an external-loop hybrid fluidized-bed airlift reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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