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Asgarimoghaddam H, Chen Q, Ye F, Shahin A, Song B, Musselman KP. Zinc Aluminum Oxide Encapsulation Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells Deposited Using Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300995. [PMID: 37997175 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An atmospheric-pressure spatial atomic layer deposition system is used to rapidly deposit 60 nm zinc-aluminum oxide (Zn-AlOx ) thin-film-encapsulation layers directly on perovskite solar cells at 130 °C without damaging the temperature-sensitive perovskite and organic materials. Varying the Zn/Al ratio has a significant impact on the structural properties of the films and their moisture barrier performance. The Zn-AlOx films have higher refractive indexes, lower concentrations of OH─ groups, and lower water-vapor transmission rates (WVTR) than AlOx films without zinc. However, as the Zn/Al ratio increases beyond 0.21, excess Zn atoms segregate, leading to an increase in the number of available hydroxyl groups on the surface of the deposited film and a slight increase in the WVTR. The stability of the p-i-n formamidinium methylammonium lead iodide solar cells under standard ISOS-D-3 testing conditions (65 °C and 85% relative humidity) is significantly enhanced by the thin encapsulation layers. The layers with a Zn/Al ratio of 0.21 result in a seven-fold increase the time required for the cells to degrade to 80% of their original efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatameh Asgarimoghaddam
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qiaoyun Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shahin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bo Song
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible electronic devices (especially flexible LCD/OLED), flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high light transmittance, high electrical conductivity, and excellent stretchability have attracted extensive attention from researchers and businesses. FTEs serve as an important part of display devices (touch screen and display), energy storage devices (solar cells and super capacitors), and wearable medical devices (electronic skin). In this paper, we review the recent progress in the field of FTEs, with special emphasis on metal materials, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers (CPs), and composite materials, which are good alternatives to the traditional commercial transparent electrode (i.e., indium tin oxide, ITO). With respect to production methods, this article provides a detailed discussion on the performance differences and practical applications of different materials. Furthermore, major challenges and future developments of FTEs are also discussed.
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Strategies for High-Performance Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells toward Commercialization. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received a great deal of attention in the science and technology field due to their outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE), which increased rapidly from 3.9% to 25.5% in less than a decade, comparable to single crystal silicon solar cells. In the past ten years, much progress has been made, e.g. impressive ideas and advanced technologies have been proposed to enlarge PSC efficiency and stability. However, this outstanding progress has always been referred to as small-area (<0.1 cm2) PSCs. Little attention has been paid to the preparation processes and their micro-mechanisms for large-area (>1 cm2) PSCs. Meanwhile, scaling up is an inevitable way for large-scale application of PSCs. Therefore, we firstly summarize the current achievements for high efficiency and stability large-area perovskite solar cells, including precursor composition, deposition, growth control, interface engineering, packaging technology, etc. Then we include a brief discussion and outlook for the future development of large-area PSCs in commercialization.
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Rafiqul Bari GAKM, Kim H. High‐refractive‐index and high‐barrier‐capable epoxy‐phenoxy‐based barrier film for organic electronics. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haekyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk Korea
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An efficient isolation of foodborne pathogen using surface-modified porous sponge. Food Chem 2019; 270:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Choi G, Jeong GM, Oh MS, Joo M, Im SG, Jeong KJ, Lee E. Robust Thin Film Surface with a Selective Antibacterial Property Enabled via a Cross-Linked Ionic Polymer Coating for Infection-Resistant Medical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2614-2622. [PMID: 33435124 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of new antibacterial surfaces has become a primary strategy for preventing device-associated infections (DAIs). Although considerable progress has recently been made in reducing DAIs, current antibacterial coating methods are technically complex and do not allow selective bacterial killing. Here, we propose novel anti-infective surfaces made of a cross-linked ionic polymer film that achieve selective bacteria killing while simultaneously favoring the survival of mammalian cells. A one-step polymerization process known as initiated chemical vapor deposition was used to generate a cross-linked ionic polymer film from 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate monomers in the vapor phase. In particular, the deposition process produced a polymer network with quaternary ammonium cross-linking sites, which provided the surface with an ionic moiety with an excellent antibacterial contact-killing property. This method confers substrate compatibility, which enables various materials to be coated with ionic polymer films for use in medical implants. Moreover, the ionic polymer-deposited surfaces supported the healthy growth of mammalian cells while selectively inhibiting bacterial growth in coculture models without any detectable cytotoxicity. Thus, the cross-linked ionic polymer-based antibacterial surface developed in this study can serve as an ideal platform for biomedical applications that require a highly sterile environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Min Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkyu Joo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Shin J, Kim H, Moon H, Kwak MJ, Oh S, Yoo Y, Lee E, Chang YK, Im SG. A hydrogel-coated membrane for highly efficient separation of microalgal bio-lipid. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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High textured carbon from chemical vapor infiltration with ethanol precursor and its rate of pyrolytic carbon deposition. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Choi J, Joo M, Seong H, Pak K, Park H, Park CW, Im SG. Flexible, Low-Power Thin-Film Transistors Made of Vapor-Phase Synthesized High-k, Ultrathin Polymer Gate Dielectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20808-20817. [PMID: 28569054 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of high-k, ultrathin copolymer gate dielectrics were synthesized from 2-cyanoethyl acrylate (CEA) and di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (DEGDVE) monomers by a free radical polymerization via a one-step, vapor-phase, initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) method. The chemical composition of the copolymers was systematically optimized by tuning the input ratio of the vaporized CEA and DEGDVE monomers to achieve a high dielectric constant (k) as well as excellent dielectric strength. Interestingly, DEGDVE was nonhomopolymerizable but it was able to form a copolymer with other kinds of monomers. Utilizing this interesting property of the DEGDVE cross-linker, the dielectric constant of the copolymer film could be maximized with minimum incorporation of the cross-linker moiety. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of a cyanide-containing polymer in the vapor phase, where a high-purity polymer film with a maximized dielectric constant was achieved. The dielectric film with the optimized composition showed a dielectric constant greater than 6 and extremely low leakage current densities (<3 × 10-8 A/cm2 in the range of ±2 MV/cm), with a thickness of only 20 nm, which is an outstanding thickness for down-scalable cyanide polymer dielectrics. With this high-k dielectric layer, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and oxide TFTs were fabricated, which showed hysteresis-free transfer characteristics with an operating voltage of less than 3 V. Furthermore, the flexible OTFTs retained their low gate leakage current and ideal TFT characteristics even under 2% applied tensile strain, which makes them some of the most flexible OTFTs reported to date. We believe that these ultrathin, high-k organic dielectric films with excellent mechanical flexibility will play a crucial role in future soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Choi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkyu Joo
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Seong
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyong Pak
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkeun Park
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Wearable Device Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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