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Shafqat I, Shahzad S, Yasmin A, Chaudhry MT, Ahmed S, Javed A, Afzal I, Bibi M. Characterization and applications of glutaminase free L-asparaginase from indigenous Bacillus halotolerans ASN9. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288620. [PMID: 38015853 PMCID: PMC10683992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a versatile anticancer and acrylamide reduction enzyme predominantly used in medical and food industries. However, the high specificity of L-asparaginase formulations for glutamine, low thermostability, and blood clearance are the major disadvantages. Present study describes production, characterization, and applications of glutaminase free extracellular L-asparaginase from indigenous Bacillus halotolerans ASN9 isolated from soil sample. L-asparaginase production was optimized in M9 medium (containing 0.2% sucrose and 1% L-asparagine) that yielded maximum L-ASNase with a specific activity of 256 U mg-1 at pH 6 and 37°C. L-asparaginase was purified through acetone precipitation and Sephadex G-100 column, yielding 48.9 and 24% recovery, respectively. Enzyme kinetics revealed a Vmax of 466 mM min-1 and Km of 0.097 mM. Purified L-ASNase showed no activity against glutamine. The purified glutaminase free L-ASNase has a molecular mass of 60 kDa and an optimum specific activity of 3083 U mg-1 at pH 7 and 37°C. The enzyme retains its activity and stability over a wide range of pH and temperature, in the presence of selected protein inhibitors (SDS, β-mercaptoethanol), CoCl2, KCl, and NaCl. The enzyme also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 value 70.7 μg mL-1) and anticancer activity against U87 human malignant glioma (IC50 55 μg mL-1) and Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma (IC50 37 μg mL-1) cell lines. Normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) had greater than 80% cell viability with purified L-ASNase indicating its least cytotoxicity against normal cells. The present work identified potent glutaminase free L-ASNase from B. halotolerans ASN9 that performs well in a wide range of environmental conditions indicating its suitability for various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shafqat
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Safia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Afzal
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Monaza Bibi
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Lefin N, Miranda J, Beltrán JF, Belén LH, Effer B, Pessoa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Current state of molecular and metabolic strategies for the improvement of L-asparaginase expression in heterologous systems. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208277. [PMID: 37426818 PMCID: PMC10323146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous expression of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) has become an important area of research due to its clinical and food industry applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and metabolic strategies that can be used to optimize the expression of L-ASNase in heterologous systems. This article describes various approaches that have been employed to increase enzyme production, including the use of molecular tools, strain engineering, and in silico optimization. The review article highlights the critical role that rational design plays in achieving successful heterologous expression and underscores the challenges of large-scale production of L-ASNase, such as inadequate protein folding and the metabolic burden on host cells. Improved gene expression is shown to be achievable through the optimization of codon usage, synthetic promoters, transcription and translation regulation, and host strain improvement, among others. Additionally, this review provides a deep understanding of the enzymatic properties of L-ASNase and how this knowledge has been employed to enhance its properties and production. Finally, future trends in L-ASNase production, including the integration of CRISPR and machine learning tools are discussed. This work serves as a valuable resource for researchers looking to design effective heterologous expression systems for L-ASNase production as well as for enzymes production in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lefin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javiera Miranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge G. Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Rath G, Nivedita S, Behera SS, Behera HT, Gouda SK, Raina V, Achary KG, Behera SK, Ray L. l-Asparaginase producing novel Streptomyces sp. HB2AG: optimization of process parameters and whole genome sequence analysis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:201. [PMID: 37215374 PMCID: PMC10195970 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
l-asparaginase (ASNase) is a key enzyme widely used as an anti-cancer drug and is also used in the pharmaceutical and food processing industries. This enzyme's applications are determined by its source and nature. The production of the enzyme through the fermentation process is also crucial for economic feasibility. Searching for a new potent microbial strain is necessary for increased ASNase synthesis. In this work, a potent strain was isolated from the sediment of Chilika Lake and selected for its high ASNase production potential. It was recognized following Bergey's manual of determinative and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by 16S rDNA sequencing. The isolated organism was Streptomyces sp. HB2AG. Additionally, a genome-wide analysis of HB2AG was performed. The result showed that the HB2AG genome possesses a chromosome with 6,099,956 bp and GC content of 74.0%. The whole genome analysis of the strain HB2AG revealed the presence of ASNase (ansA, ansB) and Asparagine synthase (asnB) in the HB2AG genome. Optimization of media composition is crucial for microbial growth and obtaining the desired end product. The current effort focuses on the Taguchi orthogonal design to determine optimum factor combinations that would allow the strain to produce maximum ASNase enzyme. Results showed that compared to unoptimized media, approximately 1.76-fold higher ASNase production was observed in Sea Water Luria Bertani (SWLB) media, pH-5, 0.5% (w/v) of lactose, 0.5% (w/v) of casein, 2.5% (w/v) NaCl, 1 mM Ca2+ and 0.1% Tween 80. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03620-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gupteswar Rath
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Suchismita Nivedita
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | | | - Sudhansu Kumar Gouda
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Vishakha Raina
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | | | - Lopamudra Ray
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- School of Law, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
- School of Biotechnology and School of Law, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
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Gladilina YA, Shishparenok AN, Zhdanov DD. [Approaches for improving L-asparaginase expression in heterologous systems]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:19-38. [PMID: 36857424 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236901019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is one of the most demanded enzymes used in the pharmaceutical industry as a drug and in the food industry to prevent the formation of toxic acrylamide. Researchers aimed to improve specific activity and reduce side effects to create safer and more potent enzyme products. However, protein modifications and heterologous expression remain problematic in the production of asparaginases from different species. Heterologous expression in optimized producer strains is rationally organized; therefore, modified and heterologous protein expression is enhanced, which is the main strategy in the production of asparaginase. This strategy solves several problems: incorrect protein folding, metabolic load on the producer strain and codon misreading, which affects translation and final protein domains, leading to a decrease in catalytic activity. The main approaches developed to improve the heterologous expression of L-asparaginases are considered in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Suresh SA, Ethiraj S, Rajnish KN. A systematic review of recent trends in research on therapeutically significant L-asparaginase and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11281-11287. [PMID: 35816224 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginases are mostly obtained from bacterial sources for their application in the therapy and food industry. Bacterial L-asparaginases are employed in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and its subtypes, a type of blood and bone marrow cancer that results in the overproduction of immature blood cells. It also plays a role in the food industry in reducing the acrylamide formed during baking, roasting, and frying starchy foods. This importance of the enzyme makes it to be of constant interest to the researchers to isolate novel sources. Presently L-asparaginases from E. coli native and PEGylated form, Dickeya chrysanthemi (Erwinia chrysanthemi) are in the treatment regime. In therapy, the intrinsic glutaminase activity of the enzyme is a major drawback as the patients in treatment experience side effects like fever, skin rashes, anaphylaxis, pancreatitis, steatosis in the liver, and many complications. Its significance in the food industry in mitigating acrylamide is also a major reason. Acrylamide, a potent carcinogen was formed when treating starchy foods at higher temperatures. Acrylamide content in food was analyzed and pre-treatment was considered a valuable option. Immobilization of the enzyme is an advancing and promising technique in the effective delivery of the enzyme than in free form. The concept of machine learning by employing the Artificial Network and Genetic Algorithm has paved the way to optimize the production of L-asparaginase from its sources. Gene-editing tools are gaining momentum in the study of several diseases and this review focuses on the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K N Rajnish
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of an L-Asparaginase from Isolated Escherichia coli MF-107 as an Anti-Tumor Enzyme on MCF7 Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:279-90. [PMID: 35690915 PMCID: PMC9432472 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Patel P, Gosai H, Panseriya H, Dave B. Development of Process and Data Centric Inference System for Enhanced Production of L-Asparaginase from Halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis PPD37. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1659-1681. [PMID: 34845588 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims at bioengineering of medium components using data and process centric approaches for enhanced production of L-asparaginase, an important biological molecule, by halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis PPD37 strain. To achieve this, first significant medium components were screened followed by optimisation of a combination of media components and culture conditions such as L-asparagine, MgSO4, NaCl, pH, and temperature. Optimisation study was carried out using statistical models such as response surface methodology (RSM) - process centric and artificial neural network (ANN) - data centric approaches. The production improved from 2.86 U/mL to 17.089 U/mL, an increase of approximately 6-times of the unoptimised L-asparaginase production. On comparing RSM and ANN models for optimised L-asparaginase production based on R2 value, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute deviation (MAD) values, the ANN model emerged as the superior one. As this is the first report to the authors best knowledge on development of inference system using RSM and ANN models for enhanced L-asparaginase production using a halotolerant bacteria, this study could lead to more in-depth and large-scale L-asparaginase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Patel
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Indrashil University, Dist. Mehsana, Rajpur-Kadi, Gujarat, India, 382740
| | - Haren Gosai
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Indrashil University, Dist. Mehsana, Rajpur-Kadi, Gujarat, India, 382740.
| | - Haresh Panseriya
- Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy house, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 390003
| | - Bharti Dave
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Indrashil University, Dist. Mehsana, Rajpur-Kadi, Gujarat, India, 382740
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Castro D, Marques ASC, Almeida MR, de Paiva GB, Bento HBS, Pedrolli DB, Freire MG, Tavares APM, Santos-Ebinuma VC. L-asparaginase production review: bioprocess design and biochemical characteristics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4515-4534. [PMID: 34059941 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the production of biopharmaceuticals has gained high interest due to its great sensitivity, specificity, and lower risk of negative effects to patients. Biopharmaceuticals are mostly therapeutic recombinant proteins produced through biotechnological processes. In this context, L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, L-ASNase (E.C. 3.5.1.1)) is a therapeutic enzyme that has been abundantly studied by researchers due to its antineoplastic properties. As a biopharmaceutical, L-ASNase has been used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and other lymphoid malignancies, in combination with other drugs. Besides its application as a biopharmaceutical, this enzyme is widely used in food processing industries as an acrylamide mitigation agent and as a biosensor for the detection of L-asparagine in physiological fluids at nano-levels. The great demand for L-ASNase is supplied by recombinant enzymes from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, production processes are associated to low yields and proteins associated to immunogenicity problems, which leads to the search for a better enzyme source. Considering the L-ASNase pharmacological and food importance, this review provides an overview of the current biotechnological developments in L-ASNase production and biochemical characterization aiming to improve the knowledge about its production. KEY POINTS: • Microbial enzyme applications as biopharmaceutical and in food industry • Biosynthesis process: from the microorganism to bioreactor technology • Enzyme activity and kinetic properties: crucial for the final application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia C Marques
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mafalda R Almeida
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela B de Paiva
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Heitor B S Bento
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Danielle B Pedrolli
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
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Freire RKB, Mendonça CMN, Ferraro RB, Moguel IS, Tonso A, Lourenço FR, Santos JHPM, Sette LD, Pessoa Junior A. Glutaminase-free L-asparaginase production by Leucosporidium muscorum isolated from Antarctic marine-sediment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:277-288. [PMID: 32921254 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an essential drug in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Commercial bacterial ASNases increase patient survival, but the consequent immunological reactions remain a challenge. Yeasts ASNase is closer to human congeners and could lead to lower side effects. Among 134 yeast strains isolated from marine-sediments in King George Island, Antarctica, nine were L-asparaginase producing yeasts and glutaminase-free. Leucosporidium muscorum CRM 1648 yielded the highest ASNase activity (490.41 U.L-1) and volumetric productivity (5.12 U.L-1 h-1). Sucrose, yeast extract and proline were the best carbon and nitrogen sources to support growth and ASNase production. A full factorial design analysis pointed the optimum media condition for yeast growth and ASNase yield: 20 g L-1 sucrose, 15 g L-1 yeast extract and 20 g L-1 proline, which resulted in 4582.5 U L-1 and 63.64 U L-1 h-1 of ASNase and volumetric productivity, respectively. Analysis of temperature, pH, inoculum and addition of seawater indicated the best condition for ASNase production by this yeast: 12-15 °C, pH 5.5-6.5 and seawater >25% (v/v). Inoculum concentration seems not to interfere. This work is pioneer on the production of ASNase by cold-adapted yeasts, highlighting the potential of these microbial resources as a source of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rominne Karla Barros Freire
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Miguel Nóbrega Mendonça
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bertelli Ferraro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Sánchez Moguel
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Tonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rebello Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Durães Sette
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Biovalorisation of crude glycerol and xylose into xylitol by oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:121. [PMID: 32493445 PMCID: PMC7271524 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylitol is a commercially important chemical with multiple applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol is one of the top twelve platform chemicals that can be produced from biomass. The chemical method for xylitol synthesis is however, expensive and energy intensive. In contrast, the biological route using microbial cell factories offers a potential cost-effective alternative process. The bioprocess occurs under ambient conditions and makes use of biocatalysts and biomass which can be sourced from renewable carbon originating from a variety of cheap waste feedstocks. Result In this study, biotransformation of xylose to xylitol was investigated using Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast which was firstly grown on a glycerol/glucose for screening of co-substrate, followed by media optimisation in shake flask, scale up in bioreactor and downstream processing of xylitol. A two-step medium optimization was employed using central composite design and artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm. The yeast amassed a concentration of 53.2 g/L xylitol using pure glycerol (PG) and xylose with a bioconversion yield of 0.97 g/g. Similar results were obtained when PG was substituted with crude glycerol (CG) from the biodiesel industry (titer: 50.5 g/L; yield: 0.92 g/g). Even when xylose from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was used as opposed to pure xylose, a xylitol yield of 0.54 g/g was achieved. Xylitol was successfully crystallized from PG/xylose and CG/xylose fermentation broths with a recovery of 39.5 and 35.3%, respectively. Conclusion To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time the potential of using Y. lipolytica as a microbial cell factory for xylitol synthesis from inexpensive feedstocks. The results obtained are competitive with other xylitol producing organisms.![]()
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Lipid Production from Sugarcane Top Hydrolysate and Crude Glycerol with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis using a Two-Stage Batch-Cultivation Strategy with Separate Optimization of Each Stage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030453. [PMID: 32210119 PMCID: PMC7143989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms, including oleaginous yeasts, are recognized as feedstock for biodiesel production. A production process development of these organisms is necessary to bring lipid feedstock production up to the industrial scale. This study aimed to enhance lipid production of low-cost substrates, namely sugarcane top and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, by using a two-stage cultivation process with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-SP314. In the first stage, sugarcane top hydrolysate was used for cell propagation, and in the second stage, cells were suspended in a crude glycerol solution for lipid production. Optimization for high cell mass production in the first stage, and for high lipid production in the second stage, were performed separately using a one-factor-at-a-time methodology together with response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions in the first stage (sugarcane top hydrolysate broth containing; 43.18 g/L total reducing sugars, 2.58 g/L soy bean powder, 0.94 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.39 g/L KH2PO4 and 2.5 g/L MgSO4 7H2O, pH 6, 200 rpm, 28 °C and 48 h) and second stage (81.54 g/L crude glycerol, pH 5, 180 rpm, 27 °C and 196 h), a high lipid concentration of 15.85 g/L, a high cell mass of 21.07 g/L and a high lipid content of 73.04% dry cell mass were obtained.
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Prabhu AA, Chityala S, Jayachandran D, Deshavath NN, Veeranki VD. A two step optimization approach for maximizing biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions (Cr (VI)) using alginate immobilized Sargassum sp in a packed bed column. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1708933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A. Prabhu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory
| | - Sushma Chityala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory
| | | | | | - Venkata Dasu Veeranki
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Feng Y, Liu S, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Du G. Gene cloning and expression of the l-asparaginase from Bacillus cereus BDRD-ST26 in Bacillus subtilis WB600. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:418-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Alrumman SA, Mostafa YS, Al-Izran KA, Alfaifi MY, Taha TH, Elbehairi SE. Production and Anticancer Activity of an L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis Isolated from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3756. [PMID: 30842557 PMCID: PMC6403232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an important anticancer agent that is used extensively worldwide. In this study, 40 bacterial isolates were obtained from the Red Sea of Saudi Arabia and screened for ASNase production using a qualitative rapid plate assay, 28 of which were producing large L-asparagine hydrolysis zones. The ASNase production of the immobilized bacterial cells was more favorable than that of freely suspended cells. A promising isolate, KKU-KH14, was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus licheniformis. Maximal ASNase production was achieved using an incubation period of 72 h, with an optimum of pH 6.5, an incubation temperature of 37 °C, an agitation rate 250 rpm, and with glucose and (NH4)2SO4 used as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The glutaminase activity was not detected in the ASNase preparations. The purified ASNase showed a final specific activity of 36.08 U/mg, and the molecular weight was found to be 37 kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis. The maximum activity and stability of the purified enzyme occurred at pH values of 7.5 and 8.5, respectively, with maximum activity at 37 °C and complete thermal stability at 70 °C for 1 h. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 0.049995 M and of 45.45 μmol/ml/min, respectively. The anticancer activity of the purified ASNase showed significant toxic activity toward HepG-2 cells (IC50 11.66 µg/mL), which was greater than that observed against MCF-7 (IC50 14.55 µg/mL) and HCT-116 cells (IC50 17.02 µg/mL). The results demonstrated that the Red Sea is a promising biological reservoir, as shown by the isolation of B. licheniformis, which produces a glutaminase free ASNase and may be a potential candidate for further pharmaceutical use as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Alrumman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Y S Mostafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood A Al-Izran
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Y Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - T H Taha
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S E Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Jayachandran D, Chityala S, Prabhu AA, Dasu VV. Cationic reverse micellar based purification of recombinant glutaminase free L-asparaginase II of Bacillus subtilis WB800N from fermentation media. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 157:1-8. [PMID: 30615939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reverse micellar extraction (RME), a liquid-liquid based separation is a versatile tool for protein purification. A statistical approach was employed for the purification of recombinant glutaminase free anti-cancerous enzyme viz., l-asparaginase II to evaluate the effects of RME in current study. The cationic system (CTAB/iso-octane/hexanol/butanol) was used in RME to optimize both forward and backward protein extraction efficiency. By adapting Taguchi's orthogonal array (OA), maximum forward extraction efficiency (FEE) of 86.98% with 84.82% enzyme activity recovery and 1.04 times purification fold achieved with the optimized parameters. Under the optimal levels, the back extraction efficiency (BEE) was observed to be 96.97% with 93.07% enzyme activity recovery and 1.38 times purification fold. Further, mass transfer kinetic studies of RME indicated the mass transfer coefficients of forward and backward extraction to be 0.049 min-1 and 0.036 min-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharanidaran Jayachandran
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sushma Chityala
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Veeranki Venkata Dasu
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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16
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Unni S, Prabhu AA, Pandey R, Hande R, Veeranki VD. Artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm (ANN‐GA) based medium optimization for the production of human interferon gamma (hIFN‐γ) inKluyveromyces lactiscell factory. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Unni
- Biochemical Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia
| | - Ashish A. Prabhu
- Biochemical Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia
| | - Rajat Pandey
- Biochemical Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia
| | - Rohit Hande
- Biochemical Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia
| | - Venkata Dasu Veeranki
- Biochemical Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia
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