1
|
Wu YW, Zhou XY, Zhou JL, Hu Z, Cai Q, Lu Q. A comprehensive review of the heavy metal issues regarding commercial vanadium‑titanium-based SCR catalyst. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159712. [PMID: 36302402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Facing the increasing demand of atmosphere pollutant control, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology has been widely applied in various industries for NOx abatement. However, in the condition of complicated flue gas components, the heavy metal issue is a great challenge to the catalyst deactivation and atmospheric pollution control. In this review, with the comprehensive consideration of SCR catalysts in heavy metal-rich flue gas scenarios, the distribution character of heavy metals in SCR system is firstly summarized, then the detailed interaction mechanism between heavy metals and the vanadium‑titanium-based catalyst is discussed. Focusing on the mercury oxidation as well as against arsenic/lead poisoning, certain modification strategies are also concluded to develop novel SCR catalysts with multiple functions. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art technologies regarding the regeneration, the valuable metal recovery, and the harmless treatment of the spent SCR catalyst are also reported. This paper provides theoretical guidance for the manufacture of novel SCR catalysts under multiple scenarios, as well as the synergistic control of NOx and heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia-le Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhuang Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang J, Su J, Chen L, Huang Y, Gao M, Zhang M, Yang M, Zhang X, Wang F, Shen B. Mercury removal using various modified V/Ti-based SCR catalysts: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129115. [PMID: 35596990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing levels of mercury pollution has made countries urgently need a suitable mercury treatment technology. Among various technologies, heterogeneous oxidative mercury removal via different modified V/Ti-based SCR catalysts is considered as a promising approach due to excellent economic value and removal efficiency. Although various related modification experiments have been worked in recent years, the research on the performance, including activity and resistance, and mechanism of catalysts still needs to be improved, so it is necessary to summarize these experiments to guide further work. This article will review many modifications start from the V/Ti catalyst. Not only the performance of these catalysts, but also a lot of speculation about the mercury removal mechanism are include in our research. In addition, the characteristics of some modified catalysts have been linked with their oxidation mechanism and structural changes by comparing many studies, and finally attributed to some special properties of the corresponding modifiers. We expect this study will clarify the research progress of modified V/Ti-based SCR catalysts in mercury removal, and guide future modification so that some properties of the catalyst can be improved in a targeted manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Jiachun Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Long Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Mengkai Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Mingkai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Mingtao Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fumei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollutant Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Tianjin 300401, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Experimental and Mechanistic Study of Synergistic Removal of Hg by Evaporation from Desulfurization Wastewater. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The flue evaporation of desulfurization wastewater can solve the problem that it is difficult to remove some heavy metal ions and chloride ions by conventional methods. A large amount of chloride ions in desulfurization wastewater can also promote the catalytic oxidation removal of Hg in the flue gas. The migration character of chloride ions in the flue evaporation process of desulfurization wastewater was studied by using the coal-fired thermal state experimental platform. The concentrations of Hg0 and Hg2+ in the flue gas at the inlet and outlet of selective catalytic reduction denitration (SCR), electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and wet desulfurization (WFGD) devices were tested, and the synergistic removal of traditional pollutant removal equipment by flue evaporation of desulfurization wastewater was analyzed. The influence of Hg and the effect of the evaporation of desulfurization wastewater at different positions on the removal of Hg in the flue gas were compared and analyzed, and the catalytic mechanism of Hg on the SCR surface was further revealed. The results show that 10% chloride ions enter the flue gas after the desulfurization wastewater evaporates. The content of chlorine elements and evaporation temperature influence the evaporation of desulfurization wastewater. The mechanism of SCR catalytic oxidation of Hg0 was explored; oxygen atoms have catalytic oxidation effects on Hg0 at different positions in the V2O5 molecule in SCR; and chloride ions can enhance the catalytic oxidation of Hg0 by V2O5. The intermediate product HgCl is generated, which is finally converted into HgCl2. The oxidation efficiency of Hg0 in electrostatic precipitation (ESP) is increased from 3% to 18%, and the removal efficiency of Hg is increased from 5% to 10%. The removal efficiency of Hg2+ in WFGD is basically maintained at approximately 85%. In addition, a small amount of Hg2+ was restored to Hg0 in WFGD. The removal efficiency of Hg0 in the flue gas of evaporative desulfurization wastewater before SCR is 65%, and the removal efficiency of gaseous Hg is 62%. When the evaporative desulfurization wastewater before ESP, the synergistic removal efficiency of Hg0 is 39%, and the gaseous Hg removal efficiency is 39%, and the removal efficiency of Hg is 40%. Evaporation of the desulfurization wastewater before SCR was more conducive to the coordinated removal of Hg by the device.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li R, Li X, Ramella D, Zhao Y, Luan Y. An efficient and recyclable Cu@UiO-67-BPY catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols and the epoxidation of olefins. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00225f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel CuCl2-UiO-67-BPY catalyst was synthesized for catalytic oxidation with up to 99% yield and 99% selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Daniele Ramella
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University-Beury Hall, 1901, N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Sciences, Xijing University, Xi’an, 710123, China
| | - Yi Luan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan XL, Yuan CG, Guo Q, Niu SL, He KQ, Xia GW. Preparation of halloysite nanotubes-encapsulated magnetic microspheres for elemental mercury removal from coal-fired flue gas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124683. [PMID: 33310338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a natural and inexpensive clay mineral with hollow nanotubular structures, good biocompatibility and active surfaces have been ubiquitously applied in many fields. In this work, a novel multifunctional core-shell sorbent based on HNTs, CuCl2-HNTs encapsulated magnetic microspheres (SiO2@Fe3O4), was successfully fabricated and applied for Hg0 removal from flue gas with good performance for the first time. The core-shell structure prevented the composites from aggregating but kept their magnetism, which enabled the adsorbents being easily separated for reuse by an external magnetic field. In addition, the special structure also significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of the composites by dispersing the CuCl2 modified HNTs on the prepared magnetic microspheres. The adsorption performance was comprehensively investigated and fitted by dynamic models. The adsorption followed surface adsorption, particle diffusion and chemisorption with very good SO2 tolerance. The Cu+, Cl- and lattice oxygen were the crucial components for Hg0 removal. In order to further understand the possible mechanism, an online home-made coupling system of temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD) was used to investigate the mercury species on the spent adsorbent in addition to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The results confirmed the mercury species adsorbed were primarily Hg0, HgO and HgCl2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Duan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chun-Gang Yuan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qi Guo
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Sheng-Li Niu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kai-Qiang He
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guo-Wei Xia
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Chen Q, Zhang X, Gao C, Wang B, Huang X, Peng Y, Li J, Lu C, Crittenden J. Multipollutant Control (MPC) of Flue Gas from Stationary Sources Using SCR Technology: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2743-2766. [PMID: 33569951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emission of gaseous pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels is believed to be one of the most serious environmental challenges in the 21st century. Given the increasing demands of multipollutant control (MPC) via adsorption or catalysis technologies, such as NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals (Hg etc.), and ammonia, and considering investment costs and site space, the use of existing equipment, especially the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to convert pollutants into harmless or readily adsorbed substances, is one of the most practical approaches. Consequently, many efforts have been directed at achieving the simultaneous elimination of multipollutants in a SCR convertor, and this method has been widely used to mitigate the stationary emission of NOx. However, the development of active, selective, stable, and multifunctional catalysts/adsorbents suitable for large-scale commercialization remains challenging. Herein, we summarize recent works on the applications of SCR in MPC, describing the approaches of (i) SCR + VOCs oxidation, (ii) SCR + heavy metal control, and (iii) SCR + NH3 reduction to reveal that the efficiency of simultaneous elimination depends on catalyst composition and flue gas parameters. Furthermore, the synergistic promotional/inhibitory effects between SCR and VOCs/ammonia/heavy metal oxidations are shown to be the key to the feasibility of the reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Qiuzhun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Liu H, Guo X, Wu F, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Performance of CuCl2-Modified Activated Carbon on Mercury Capture after Injection in an Entrained Flow Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yongchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raja S, Alphin MS, Sivachandiran L. Promotional effects of modified TiO2- and carbon-supported V2O5- and MnOx-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx: a review. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the promotional effects of transition metal modification over TiO2- and carbon-supported V2O5- and MnOx-based SCR catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Raja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
- Kalavakkam 603110
- India
| | - M. S. Alphin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
- Kalavakkam 603110
- India
| | - L. Sivachandiran
- Department of chemistry
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai
- India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mei J, Sun P, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Yang S. Influence mechanism of the compositions in coal-fired flue gas on Hg0 oxidation over commercial SCR catalyst. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Review on the latest developments in modified vanadium-titanium-based SCR catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|