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Rasifudi NF, Mekuto L, Mathaba MJ. Optimization of Chitosan Synthesis Process Parameters to Enhance PES/Chitosan Membrane Performance for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2562. [PMID: 38893826 PMCID: PMC11173904 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an environmental issue linked with mining activities, causing the release of toxic water from mining areas. Polyethersulphone (PES) membranes are explored for AMD treatment, but their limited hydrophilicity hinders their performance. Chitosan enhances hydrophilicity, addressing this issue. However, the effectiveness depends on chitosan's degree of deacetylation (DD), determined during the deacetylation process for chitosan production. This study optimized the chitin deacetylation temperature, alkaline (NaOH) concentration, and reaction time, yielding the highest chitosan degree of deacetylation (DD) for PES/chitosan membrane applications. Prior research has shown that high DD chitosan enhances membrane antifouling and hydrophilicity, increasing contaminant rejection and permeate flux. Evaluation of the best deacetylation conditions in terms of temperature (80, 100, 120 °C), NaOH concentration (20, 40, 60 wt.%), and time (2, 4, 6 h) was performed. The highest chitosan DD obtained was 87.11% at 80 °C, 40 wt. %NaOH at 4 h of chitin deacetylation. The PES/0.75 chitosan membrane (87.11%DD) showed an increase in surface hydrophilicity (63.62° contact angle) as compared to the pristine PES membrane (72.83° contact angle). This was an indicated improvement in membrane performance. Thus, presumably leading to high contaminant rejection and permeate flux in the AMD treatment context, postulate to literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndiwanga F. Rasifudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
| | - Machodi J. Mathaba
- Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solutions, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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Mosai AK, Ndlovu G, Tutu H. Improving acid mine drainage treatment by combining treatment technologies: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170806. [PMID: 38350575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The mining and processing of some minerals and coal result in the production of acid mine drainage (AMD) which contains elevated levels of sulfate and metals, which tend to pose serious environmental issues. There are different technologies that have been developed for the treatment of wastewater or AMD. However, there is no "one-size-fits-all" solution, hence a combination of available technologies should be considered to achieve effective treatment. In this review, AMD treatment technologies and the possible alignment in tandem of the different treatment technologies were discussed. The alignment was based on the target species of each technology and AMD composition. The choice of the technologies to combine depends on the quality of AMD and the desired quality of effluent depending on end use (e.g., drinking, industrial, irrigation or release into the environment). AMD treatment technologies targeting metals can be combined with membrane and/or ettringite precipitation technologies that focus on the removal of sulfates. Other technologies can be added to deal with the secondary waste products (e.g., sludge and brines) from the treatment processes. Moreover, some technologies such as ion exchange and adsorption can be added to target specific valuable elements in AMD. Such combinations have the potential to result in effective AMD treatment and minimum waste production, which are not easily achievable with the individual technologies. Overall, this review presents combinations of AMD treatment technologies which can work best together to produce optimal water quality and valuable products in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alseno Kagiso Mosai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Gebhu Ndlovu
- Hydrometallurgy Division, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe drive, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, South Africa
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Masindi V, Shabalala A, Foteinis S. Passive co-treatment of phosphorus-depleted municipal wastewater with acid mine drainage: Towards sustainable wastewater management systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116399. [PMID: 36206654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Industrial processes typically produce large wastewater volumes, which, if left untreated, greatly affect receiving ecosystems. However, wastewater treatment can be costly and energy-intensive, with the developing world particularly struggling with wastewater management. As such, simple and cost-effective solutions are urgently required with the passive (no energy or reagents) co-treatment of different wastewater matrices holding great promise. Here, wastewater from a phosphorus recovery system (chemical precipitation) was co-treated with acid mine drainage (AMD). Specifically, phosphorus-rich municipal wastewater was treated with hydrated lime, as to synthesize a wastewater-derived phosphorus product, i.e., calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), also producing a phosphorous-depleted alkaline effluent. The feasibility of valorising this effluent is examined here by using it for the passive co-treatment of real AMD. Different liquid-to-liquid (v/v) ratios were considered, with the optimum ratio (AMD to phosphate-depleted wastewater) being 1:9. The pH of the co-treated effluent was adjusted to 8.4 (from an initial value of 11.5 in the phosphorus-depleted wastewater and 2.2 in AMD), while metals (∼100% reduction of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, ≥99.5 for Al, Zn, and Mg, 80% for Cr, and 75% for As) and sulphate (89.26% reduction) contained in AMD were greatly removed. This was also the case for the remaining orthophosphate that was contained in the phosphorus-depleted wastewater (93.75% reduction). The electrical conductivity was also reduced in both the AMD (88.75%) and the phosphorus-depleted wastewater (69.21%), suggesting the removal of contaminants from both matrices. Results were underpinned by state-of-the-art analytical techniques, including FE-SEM/FIB/EDX, FTIR, and XRD, along with geochemical modelling (PHREEQC). Contaminants were removed through complexation, (co)adsorption, crystallization, and (co)precipitation. Overall, results suggest that the co-treatment of these wastewater matrices is feasible and could be directly scaled up (e.g., using waste stabilization ponds), while opportunities for the beneficiation of the produced sludge and for water reclamation (e.g., through membrane filtration) could also arise, further promoting the sustainably of this passive co-treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Masindi
- Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, Erf 3475, Stoffberg Street, Brits, 0250, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), P. O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - A Shabalala
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela, Mpumalanga, 1200, South Africa
| | - S Foteinis
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
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Masindi V, Fosso-Kankeu E, Mamakoa E, Nkambule TTI, Mamba BB, Naushad M, Pandey S. Emerging remediation potentiality of struvite developed from municipal wastewater for the treatment of acid mine drainage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112944. [PMID: 35183518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The valorisation of wastewaters for minerals recovery and their potential beneficiation has gained enormous attention recently. In this study the removal of phosphate and ammonia from municipal wastewater using activated magnesite resulted in the formation of struvite. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of struvite were 60 min of mixing, 300 rpm mixing speed, 1 g of activated magnesite and room temperature, whilst optimum conditions for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using the synthesized struvite were 45 min of mixing, 20 g of struvite dosage, 1000 mL, and 300 rpm mixing speed. The efficacy of struvite for neutralisation of AMD and attenuation of inorganic contaminants were ≥98.99% for metals (Al3+, Fe3+, and Mn2+) and ≥30% for SO42-. Traces of other metals such as Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr were significantly attenuated. Phosphate was fully attenuated from the aqua-sphere. PHREEQC predicted the removal of minerals as oxy-(hydro)-sulphates, oxy-(hydro)-phosphate, metals hydroxides, and other complexes. FE-SEM equipped with FIB and an EDX, XRD, XRF, and FTIR confirmed the synthesis of struvite and fate of chemical species after treatment. This study confirmed the feasibility of recovering phosphate and ammonia as struvite which can be employed for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vhahangwele Masindi
- Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, Erf 3475, Stoffberg Street, Brits, 0250, South Africa; Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), P. O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Elvis Fosso-Kankeu
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, South Africa; Department of Mining Engineering, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, South Africa; Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West University, South Africa.
| | - Ednah Mamakoa
- Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, Erf 3475, Stoffberg Street, Brits, 0250, South Africa; Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West University, South Africa
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, South Africa
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Delineation of the Diamine Monomers Effect on the Desalination Properties of Polyamide Thin Film Composite Membranes: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Nguegang B, Masindi V, Msagati Makudali TA, Tekere M. Effective treatment of acid mine drainage using a combination of MgO-nanoparticles and a series of constructed wetlands planted with Vetiveria zizanioides: A hybrid and stepwise approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114751. [PMID: 35220100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this novel study, acid mine drainage (AMD) was treated using a hybrid approach comprising a nano-and-biotic system synergistically integrated in a step-wise and modular fashion. Specifically, the treatment chains were made up of different stages, which comprise, neutralization using activated magnesite or MgO-nanoparticles (NPs) (Stage 1) and polishing the product water using a series of wetlands (Stage 2) in a step-wise connection. In stage One (1), real AMD was treated with MgO-NPs at a ratio of 1:100 (1 g/100 mL - w/v ratio), 500 rpm of mixing speed, and One (1) hour of hydraulic retention time (HRT) whilst in stage 2, the final water was fed into constructed wetlands, i.e. Three (3) interconnected wetland with different flow modalities [(I) subsurface vertical flow (SSVF-CW), (II) free water surface flow (FWS-CW), and (III) subsurface horizontal flow (SSHF-CW)], for further purification and polishing to the desired product. In this stage, i.e. stage 2, the product water and substrate were collected daily at the outlet and bottom of each wetland. After the treatment process, the pH of the product water was observed to have increased from 2.6 to 10.4. Significant removal of inorganic contaminants was also observed and the following removal sequence was registered, Fe (99.8%) ≥ Al (99.5%) ≥ Mn (99.24%) ≥ Zn (98.36%) ≥ Cu (97.38%) ≥ Ni (97.7%) ≥ SO42─ (80.59%). Reduction in electrical conductivity (EC) was also observed (86%). Specifically, the nano-part removed the metals and sulphate partially whereas the bio-part effectively removed SO42─ and EC levels, thus denoting stellar combination and complementary performance for the hybrid system in integrated fashion. The state-of-the-art analytical instruments were used to underpin and succinct the fate of chemical species in raw and product MgO-NPs, substrates, and the grass. Finally, the product water conformed to the prescribed standards for effluent discharge hence proving that the synergy of neutralization and bio-remediation, i.e. nano-and-biotic system, could potentially yield the desired results in mine water management and afield. This will go a long way in curtailing ecological footprints associated with mining activities thus fostering the concept of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beauclair Nguegang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), University of South Africa (UNISA), P.O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Vhahangwele Masindi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), University of South Africa (UNISA), P.O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa; Magalies Water (MW), Scientific Services (SS), Research & Development (R&D) Division, Erf 3475, Stoffberg Street, Brits, 0250, South Africa.
| | - Titus Alfred Msagati Makudali
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology (CSET), Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), University of South Africa (UNISA), P.O.BOX 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), University of South Africa (UNISA), P.O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
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7
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Li Z, Fantke P. Toward harmonizing global pesticide regulations for surface freshwaters in support of protecting human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113909. [PMID: 34624580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To promote international collaboration on environmental pollution management and human health protection, we conducted a global-level study on the management of pesticides for surface freshwater quality. Prior to actions being taken in terms of water treatment or remediation, it is essential that clear and definite regulations be disseminated. In our study, 3094 surface freshwater quality standards for 184 different pesticides were recorded from 53 countries and categorized according to pesticide types and standard types, as well as diverse use of freshwater by humans, and compared water quality standards related to human health. Our results indicate large variations in pesticide regulations, standard types (i.e., long- or short-term water quality standards), and related numerical values. With regard to the protection of human health, the 10 most frequently regulated pesticides account for approximately 47% of the total number of standards across 184 considered pesticides. The average occurrence-weighted variations of standard values (i.e., numerical values provided in a standard in terms of residue limits of a given pesticide in water) for the 20 most regulated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other phase-out pesticides (i.e., pesticides not currently-approved for use in agriculture across various countries) are 4.1 and 2.6 orders of magnitude, respectively, with human-exposure related standard values for some pesticides varying with over 3 orders of magnitude (e.g., lindane). In addition, variations in water quality standard values occurred across standard types (e.g., maximum and average), water use types (e.g., unspecified waters and human consumption), and standard values (e.g., pesticide individuals and groups). We conclude that regulatory inconsistencies emphasize the need for international collaboration on domestic water treatment, environmental management as well as specific water quality standards for the wider range of current-use pesticides, thereby improving global harmonization in support of protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Siekierka A, Smolińska-Kempisty K, Wolska J. Enhanced Specific Mechanism of Separation by Polymeric Membrane Modification-A Short Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120942. [PMID: 34940443 PMCID: PMC8705657 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have found a significant application in separation processes in an exceeding range of industrial fields. The crucial part that is decided regarding the efficiency and effectivity of separation is the type of membrane. The membranes deal with separation problems, working under the various mechanisms of transportation of selected species. This review compares significant types of entrapped matter (ions, compounds, and particles) within membrane technology. The ion-exchange membranes, molecularly imprinted membranes, smart membranes, and adsorptive membranes are investigated. Here, we focus on the selective separation through the above types of membranes and detect their preparation methods. Firstly, the explanation of transportation and preparation of each type of membrane evaluated is provided. Next, the working and application phenomena are evaluated. Finally, the review discusses the membrane modification methods and briefly provides differences in the properties that occurred depending on the type of materials used and the modification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siekierka
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Smolińska-Kempisty
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wolska
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
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9
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Sulonen MLK, Baeza JA, Gabriel D, Guisasola A. Optimisation of the operational parameters for a comprehensive bioelectrochemical treatment of acid mine drainage. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124944. [PMID: 33422754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems provide a promising tool for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). Biological sulphate reduction powered with electrical energy consumes acidity and produces sulphide, which can precipitate metals. However, the produced sulphide and the changes in pH resulting from the biological processes affect the efficiency and the environmental impacts of this treatment significantly. In this work, the effects of pH and sulphur speciation on the sulphate reduction rate (SRR) and comprehensive AMD treatment were evaluated in two-chamber microbial electrolysis cells at a cathode potential of -0.8 V vs. NHE. The increase of initial sulphate concentration from below 1000 mg to above 1500 mg S-SO42-/L increased SRR from 121 ± 25 to 177 ± 19 mg S-SO42-/L/d. SRR further increased to 347 mg S-SO42-/L/d when the operation mode was changed from batch to periodical addition of sulphate and acidity (363 mg S-SO42-/L/d and 22.6 mmol H+/L/d, respectively). The average SRR remained above 150 mg S-SO42-/L/d even at pH above 8.5 and with the total dissolved sulphide concentration increasing above 1300 mg S-TDSu/L. Operation at pH above 8 enabled the recovery of over 90% of the sulphur as dissolved sulphide and thus assisted in minimising the formation and release of toxic H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira L K Sulonen
- GENOCOV Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gabriel
- GENOCOV Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Vecino X, Reig M, López J, Valderrama C, Cortina JL. Valorisation options for Zn and Cu recovery from metal influenced acid mine waters through selective precipitation and ion-exchange processes: promotion of on-site/off-site management options. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:112004. [PMID: 33529931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine waters (AMWs), generated in the processing of polymetallic sulphides, contain copper and zinc as the main valuable transition metal ions, which are typically removed by liming, due to their great environmental impact. In this context, this work proposes the integration of selective precipitation (SP) and ion-exchange (IX) processes for the separation and recovery of both valuable metals to encourage on-site and off-site management options promoting valorisation routes. Thus, the main objectives of this work were (i) the selective removal of Fe(III) and Al(III), using NaOH under pH control (pH < 5) to avoid the precipitation of Cu(II) and Zn(II) and (ii) the evaluation of a solvent-impregnated resin (Lewatit VP OC 1026, named VP1026) and a cation IX resin (Lewatit TP 207, named TP207) for the sequential extraction of both metal ions from AMW (batch and column experiments). Results indicated that the metallic pollution load was mostly removed during the SP process of Fe(III) (>99%) and Al(III) (>90%) as hydroxylsulphates (e.g., schwertmannite and basaluminite). The metal extraction profiles were determined for both metals from pH 1 to pH 5 by batch experiments, and indicated that the best extraction of Zn(II) was obtained using VP1026, being higher than 96% (pH = 2.6-2.8), whereas TP207 extraction performance was optimal for Cu(II) extraction (>99%) at pH = 3-4. Moreover, in dynamic experiments using a fixed-bed configuration, it was possible to separate and concentrate Zn(II) (concentration factor = 10) and Cu(II) (concentration factor = 40) using VP1026 and TP207, respectively. Overall, the integration of SP and IX processes showed a great potential in the separation and recovery of valuable metals from mine waters to promote a circular economy, based on the management proposal for non-ferrous metallurgical industries. The recovered Zn-rich and Cu-rich sulphuric concentrated streams were theoretically evaluated for further on-site or off-site re-use treatments (e.g., electrowinning, precipitation, crystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain.
| | - M Reig
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - J López
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - C Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - J L Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, Cornellà de Llobregat, 08940, Spain
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11
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Wei X, Zhang Q, Cao S, Xu X, Chen Y, Liu L, Yang R, Chen J, Lv B. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and environmental estrogens (EEs) from water using positively charged hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8486-8497. [PMID: 33067789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) membranes show great potential for advanced water treatment, especially for trace organic pollutant removal. The removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and environmental estrogenic hormones (EEHs) by positively charged hollow fiber NF membranes (PEI-NF) were evaluated. The separation properties were evaluated by changing the operating pressure, temperature, ionic strength, and cation species. A relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of the pharmaceuticals and the NF membrane retention behavior was established. The results showed that the rejection rates of the PEI-NF membrane for the selected PPCPs and EEHs ranged from 81 to ~ 91.26%. For positively (negatively) charged pharmaceutical molecules, the electrostatic repulsion (attraction) effect and steric hindrance were the dominant rejection mechanisms of the PEI-NF membrane. For neutral pharmaceutical molecules, in addition to the size sieving effect, the hydration-induced size increase of hydrophilic substances improved the rejection rates. Both the molecular structure and diffusion coefficient of pharmaceutical molecules influenced their rejection by the PEI-NF membrane to a certain extent. Moreover, the PEI-NF membrane showed a high removal effect for PPCPs and EEHs in water samples from actual tap water plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Wei
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xufeng Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ruiyuan Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Bosheng Lv
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Robust siloxane/graphene oxide thin film membranes: Siloxane size adjustment for improved separation performance and flux recovery. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Molybdenum sulphide modified chelating resin for toxic metal adsorption from acid mine wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Viadero RC, Zhang S, Hu X, Wei X. Mine drainage: Remediation technology and resource recovery. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1533-1540. [PMID: 32671879 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drainage from current and historic mining operations remains a persistent environmental problem. Numerous research and development efforts were made in 2019 with a goal to minimize the impact of mine drainage on the environment, while other research endeavors addressed the mine drainage issue from a different perspective, where mine drainage was considered a resource for water and valuable products, such as metals, sulfuric acid, and rare earth elements. Thus, this review has two main sections: (a) focusing on research efforts in mine drainage remediation technology, and (b) emphasizing advances in resource recovery from mine drainage. The first section covers traditional and emerging passive and active treatment technologies. The second section summarizes resource recovery efforts using various technologies, such as selective precipitation, membrane process, and biological systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Significant progress continued to be made in the management of mine drainage and related issues. Recent remediation technology advances in mine drainage were presented. Technologies focusing on resource recovery from mine drainage were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Viadero
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinchao Wei
- School of Engineering, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania
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15
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Jung SY, Park JE, Kang TG, Ahn KH. Design Optimization for a Microfluidic Crossflow Filtration System Incorporating a Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E836. [PMID: 31801229 PMCID: PMC6952986 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on a numerical study on design optimization for a microfluidic crossflow filtration system incorporated with the staggered herringbone micromixer (SHM). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Taguchi method were employed to find out an optimal set of design parameters, mitigating fouling in the filtration system. The flow and the mass transfer characteristics in a reference SHM model and a plain rectangular microchannel were numerically investigated in detail. Downwelling flows in the SHM model lead to backtransport of foulants from the permeable wall, which slows down the development of the concentration boundary layer in the filtration system. Four design parameters - the number of grooves, the groove depth, the interspace between two neighboring grooves, and the interspace between half mixing periods - were chosen to construct a set of numerical experiments using an orthogonal array from the Taguchi method. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the evaluated signal-to-noise (SN) ratios enabled us to identify the contribution of each design parameter on the performance. The proposed optimal SHM model indeed showed the lowest growth rate of the wall concentration compared to other SHM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yeop Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jo Eun Park
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10540, Korea;
| | - Tae Gon Kang
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10540, Korea;
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
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