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Aqif M, Shah MUH, Khan R, Umar M, SajjadHaider, Razak SIA, Wahit MU, Khan SUD, Sivapragasam M, Ullah S, Nawaz R. Glycolipids biosurfactants production using low-cost substrates for environmental remediation: progress, challenges, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47475-47504. [PMID: 39017873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The production of renewable materials from alternative sources is becoming increasingly important to reduce the detrimental environmental effects of their non-renewable counterparts and natural resources, while making them more economical and sustainable. Chemical surfactants, which are highly toxic and non-biodegradable, are used in a wide range of industrial and environmental applications harming humans, animals, plants, and other entities. Chemical surfactants can be substituted with biosurfactants (BS), which are produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeast. They have excellent emulsifying, foaming, and dispersing properties, as well as excellent biodegradability, lower toxicity, and the ability to remain stable under severe conditions, making them useful for a variety of industrial and environmental applications. Despite these advantages, BS derived from conventional resources and precursors (such as edible oils and carbohydrates) are expensive, limiting large-scale production of BS. In addition, the use of unconventional substrates such as agro-industrial wastes lowers the BS productivity and drives up production costs. However, overcoming the barriers to commercial-scale production is critical to the widespread adoption of these products. Overcoming these challenges would not only promote the use of environmentally friendly surfactants but also contribute to sustainable waste management and reduce dependence on non-renewable resources. This study explores the efficient use of wastes and other low-cost substrates to produce glycolipids BS, identifies efficient substrates for commercial production, and recommends strategies to improve productivity and use BS in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqif
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute, Topi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23460, Pakistan
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- College of Dentistry, Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, King Saud University, 11545, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute, Topi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23460, Pakistan
| | - SajjadHaider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Sports Innovation & Technology Centre, Institute of Human Centred Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mat Uzir Wahit
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Salah Ud-Din Khan
- College of Engineering, Sustainable Energy Center Technologies, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magaret Sivapragasam
- Faculty of Integrated Life Sciences, School of Integrated Sciences (SIS), School of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Internationalization, Quest International University, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PirMehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, Murree Rd, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PirMehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, Murree Rd, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Valkenburg AD, Ncube MZ, Teke GM, van Rensburg E, Pott RWM. A review on the upstream production and downstream purification of mannosylerythritol lipids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:853-876. [PMID: 38108218 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are natural compounds with remarkable surface-active properties that may offer an eco-friendly alternative to conventional surfactants. Among them, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) stand out as an intriguing example of a glycolipid biosurfactant. MELs have been used in a variety of sectors for various applications, and are currently commercially produced. Industrially, they are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural industries, based on their ability to reduce surface tension and enhance emulsification. However, despite their utility, their production is comparatively limited industrially. From a bioprocessing standpoint, two areas of interest to improve the production process are upstream production and downstream (separation and purification) product recovery. The former has seen a significant amount of research, with researchers investigating several production factors: the microbial species or strain employed, the producing media composition, and the production strategy implemented. Improvement and optimization of these are key to scale-up the production of MELs. On the other hand, the latter has seen comparatively limited work presented in the literature. For the most part traditional separation techniques have been employed. This systematic review presents the production and purification methodologies used by researchers by comprehensively analyzing the current state-of-the-art with regards the production, separation, and purification of MELs. By doing so, the review presents different possible approaches, and highlights some potential areas for future work by identifying opportunities for the commercialization of MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André D Valkenburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mellisa Z Ncube
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - George M Teke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eugéne van Rensburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Robert W M Pott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Miao Y, To MH, Siddiqui MA, Wang H, Lodens S, Chopra SS, Kaur G, Roelants SLKW, Lin CSK. Sustainable biosurfactant production from secondary feedstock-recent advances, process optimization and perspectives. Front Chem 2024; 12:1327113. [PMID: 38312346 PMCID: PMC10834756 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1327113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have garnered increased attention lately due to their superiority of their properties over fossil-derived counterparts. While the cost of production remains a significant hurdle to surpass synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants have been anticipated to gain a larger market share in the coming decades. Among these, glycolipids, a type of low-molecular-weight biosurfactant, stand out for their efficacy in reducing surface and interfacial tension, which made them highly sought-after for various surfactant-related applications. Glycolipids are composed of hydrophilic carbohydrate moieties linked to hydrophobic fatty acid chains through ester bonds that mainly include rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids, sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids. This review highlights the current landscape of glycolipids and covers specific glycolipid productivity and the diverse range of products found in the global market. Applications such as bioremediation, food processing, petroleum refining, biomedical uses, and increasing agriculture output have been discussed. Additionally, the latest advancements in production cost reduction for glycolipid and the challenges of utilizing second-generation feedstocks for sustainable production are also thoroughly examined. Overall, this review proposes a balance between environmental advantages, economic viability, and societal benefits through the optimized integration of secondary feedstocks in biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Miao
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Ming Ho To
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Sofie Lodens
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shauhrat S Chopra
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie L K W Roelants
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
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de Andrade CJ, Coelho AL, Feuser PE, de Andrade LM, Carciofi BA, de Oliveira D. Mannosylerythritol lipids: production, downstream processing, and potential applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102769. [PMID: 35985133 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are biosurfactants produced by various fungal species. Depending on the degree of acetylation and further chemical modifications, these glycolipids can show remarkable biological properties, including the increase of water retention in the stratum corneum suppression of melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase-1 and -2, reversion of UV-A radiation-induced aquaporin-3 suppression, skin whitening, and anti-aging effects. These applications of MELs require high purity, which is usually reached by liquid-liquid extraction followed by chromatography, obtaining ≥95% purity. This worked aimed to critically discuss the current state of the art and trends on the production of MELs, including post-production treatment as enzymatic conversion. In addition, their application as skincare or pharmaceutical agents and agricultural biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano J de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Ls Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Lidiane M de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering of the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Bruno Am Carciofi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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Surface-Active Compounds Produced by Microorganisms: Promising Molecules for the Development of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Healing Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081106. [PMID: 36009975 PMCID: PMC9404966 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-active compounds (SACs), biomolecules produced by bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, have interesting properties, such as the ability to interact with surfaces as well as hydrophobic or hydrophilic interfaces. Because of their advantages over other compounds, such as biodegradability, low toxicity, antimicrobial, and healing properties, SACs are attractive targets for research in various applications in medicine. As a result, a growing number of properties related to SAC production have been the subject of scientific research during the past decade, searching for potential future applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic fields. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of biosurfactants and emulsifiers as antimicrobials, modulators of virulence factors, anticancer agents, and wound healing agents in the field of biotechnology and biomedicine, to meet the increasing demand for safer medical and pharmacological therapies.
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