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Chiesa M, Nicolini G, Buoli M. The Approach of Physiotherapists in the Management of Patients with Persistent Pain and Comorbid Anxiety/Depression: Are There Any Differences between Male and Female Professionals? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:292. [PMID: 38399579 PMCID: PMC10890251 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic pain is a prevalent condition that is frequently complicated by mood and anxiety disorders. The purpose of the present article is to identify differences in the management of patients with chronic pain and anxiety/mood disorders depending on the physiotherapists' gender. Materials and Methods: An ad hoc questionnaire was developed and sent to 327 physiotherapists by e-mail. The two groups identified by gender were compared by unpaired-sample t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for qualitative ones. A binary logistic regression was then performed with factors resulting as statistically significant in univariate analyses as independent variables and gender as a dependent one. Results: Female physiotherapists exhibited a higher level of confidence than male physiotherapists in administering continued physiotherapy for patients affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (p = 0.01), as well as for individuals who had previously engaged with a mental health professional (p = 0.01). Furthermore, female physiotherapists believed that pharmacotherapy was less associated with motor side effects (p < 0.01) and more frequently recognized the importance of training to identify affective disorders (p = 0.01) and the need for more education in mental health (p = 0.01). The binary logistic regression model confirmed that female professionals were less likely to work = freelance (p = 0.015) and were more confident in the receival of physiotherapy by patients with GAD (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Female physiotherapists compared to male ones seem to be more comfortable with patients affected by mental conditions and to be more aware of the need for training on mental health. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Chiesa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gregorio Nicolini
- Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Stigmatizing attitudes and social perception towards mental illness among Moroccan medical students. Encephale 2022; 49:275-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sølvhøj IN, Kusier AO, Pedersen PV, Nielsen MBD. Somatic health care professionals' stigmatization of patients with mental disorder: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34493245 PMCID: PMC8424966 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk of developing somatic disorders, just as they have a higher risk of dying from them. These patients often report feeling devaluated and rejected by health professionals in the somatic health care system, and increasing evidence shows that disparities in health care provision contribute to poor health outcomes. The aim of this review was to map and synthesize literature on somatic health professionals' stigmatization toward patients with mental disorders. METHODS We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and carried out a systematic search in three databases: Cinahl, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO in May-June 2019. Peer-reviewed articles published in English or Scandinavian languages during 2008-2019 were reviewed according to title, abstract and full-text reading. We organized and analyzed data using NVivo. RESULTS A total of 137 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were reviewed and categorized as observational studies (n = 73) and intervention studies (n = 64). A majority of studies (N = 85) focused on patients with an unspecified number of mental disorders, while 52 studies focused on specific diagnoses, primarily schizophrenia (n = 13), self-harm (n = 13), and eating disorders (n = 9). Half of the studies focused on health students (n = 64), primarily nursing students (n = 26) and medical students (n = 25), while (n = 66) focused on health care professionals, primarily emergency staff (n = 16) and general practitioners (n = 13). Additionally, seven studies focused on both health professionals and students. A detailed characterization of the identified intervention studies was conducted, resulting in eight main types of interventions. CONCLUSIONS The large number of studies identified in this review suggests that stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors toward patients with mental disorders is a worldwide challenge within a somatic health care setting. For more targeted interventions, there is a need for further research on underexposed mental diagnoses and knowledge on whether specific health professionals have a more stigmatizing attitude or behavior toward specific mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Nielsen Sølvhøj
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Amalie Oxholm Kusier
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Vivian Pedersen
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Britt Dahl Nielsen
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, DK-1455 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Newton-Howes G, Senior J, Beaglehole B, Purdie GL, Gordon SE. Does a comprehensive service user-led education programme effect more positive attitudes towards recovery and less stigmatising attitudes towards people with lived experience of mental distress in medical students? A comparative cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:903-910. [PMID: 33459033 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420987886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate the impact of a service user-led anti-stigma and discrimination education programme, encompassing numerous interventions focused on facilitating multiple forms of social contact, the promotion of recovery, and respect for human rights, on medical student attitudes. METHOD A comparison cohort study was used to compare the attitudes of two cohorts of medical students who received this programme as part of their fifth (the fifth-year cohort) or sixth (the sixth-year cohort) year psychological medical education attachment (programme cohorts) with two cohorts of equivalent students who received a standard psychological medical attachment (control cohorts). Attitudes to recovery (using the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire) and stigma (using the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers) were measured at the beginning and end of the attachments for each year and compared both within and between the cohorts using Wilcoxon signed-rank or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS With sample sizes ranging from 46 to 70 across all cohorts, after their psychological medicine attachment both the programme and control cohorts showed more positive attitudes towards recovery and less stigmatising attitudes towards people with lived experience of mental distress. Significant differences between the programme cohorts and the control cohorts were found for recovery attitudes (median difference of 2, p < 0.05 in both fifth and sixth year), with particularly large differences being found for the 'recovery is possible and needs faith' subdomain of the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire. There were no significant between cohort differences in terms of stigmatising attitudes as measured by the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers. CONCLUSION The introduction of a comprehensive service user-led anti-stigma and education programme resulted in significant improvements in recovery attitudes compared to a control cohort. However, it was not found to be similarly superior in facilitating less stigmatising attitudes. Various possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Senior
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ben Beaglehole
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gordon L Purdie
- Dean's Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sarah E Gordon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Attitudes of medical students in Saudi Arabia towards mental illness and their beliefs regarding its causes and treatability. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 56:102515. [PMID: 33373909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The stigmatization of people with mental illness is a worldwide problem. The authors aimed to assess stigmatizing attitudes among medical students at a university in Saudi Arabia towards mental illness and to evaluate the association of psychiatric education and planned medical specialty with stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs concerning the treatability and etiology of mental illness. A cross-sectional survey of currently enrolled medical students at Sulaiman Al Rajhi University was conducted through convenience sampling using a 52-item questionnaire. Factor analysis identified four unique factors representing attitudes and beliefs towards mental illness. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the differences in attitude among students at different levels and other variables associated with these factors. Altogether 245 students (46.7 %) responded to the survey. Completion of a classroom psychiatry course, but not a clinical clerkship, was associated with a stronger belief in the effectiveness of the treatment of both medical and mental illnesses (p = 0.031) as well as greater acceptance of the biopsychosocial model of the etiology of mental illness (p = 0.001). Students interested in pursuing a surgical career had weaker beliefs in the effectiveness of treatment of mental illnesses as compared to students interested in other minor specialties (p = 0.002). While attitudes towards socializing with people with mental illness did not differ significantly with different levels of psychiatric education, beliefs about treatability and biopsychosocial etiology seem to be strengthened after a classroom psychiatry course but not further reinforced after the clinical clerkship.
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Mewes S, Jeschke S, Bertsche T, Neininger MP, Bertsche A. Knowledge of and attitudes towards epilepsy among first- and second-year students at a German university. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107490. [PMID: 33181906 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Little is known about university students' knowledge of and attitudes towards epilepsy. METHODS We invited first- and second-year students of different study subjects at Rostock University to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 497 students took part in the survey (209 medicine, 105 theology, 94 primary education, 89 computer science). Of all students, 38.0% knew someone with epilepsy, and 27.2% had already witnessed a seizure. Fewer computer science students than medical students knew someone with epilepsy (p = 0.002) and had witnessed a seizure (p < 0.001). From five presented symptoms, all were correctly assigned to a possible seizure by 27.0% of all students. If they had epilepsy themselves, 43.7% would tell their fellow students about it; and 76.1% would definitely be friends with someone with epilepsy, and 53.7% would definitely date a person with epilepsy. On a 5-point Likert scale, computer science students expressed less willingness to be friends with (p < 0.001) or to date someone with epilepsy (p = 0.004) than medical students. The willingness of theology and primary education students did not significantly differ from that of medical students. We found no statistical differences between medical students and the other student groups for correct assignment of all symptoms and the readiness to tell others if they had epilepsy themselves. CONCLUSION First- and second-year students showed gaps in knowledge and reservations about people with epilepsy, regardless of their study subject. However, computer science students have had particularly little contact with people with epilepsy and expressed less positive attitudes. Medical students, on the other hand, hardly differed from students of theology and primary education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Mewes
- Neuropaediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sarah Jeschke
- Neuropaediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Thilo Bertsche
- Drug Safety Center and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martina Patrizia Neininger
- Drug Safety Center and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Astrid Bertsche
- Neuropaediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Lien YY, Lin HS, Tsai CH, Lien YJ, Wu TT. Changes in Attitudes toward Mental Illness in Healthcare Professionals and Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234655. [PMID: 31766689 PMCID: PMC6926665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental-illness-related stigma not only exists in the public but also in healthcare systems. Healthcare providers (HCPs) who have stigmatizing attitudes or behaviors might be thought of as a key barrier to mental health service use, and influence the quality of healthcare. Although cumulative projects have been conducted to reduce stigma related to mental illness among HCPs around the world, little is known about whether the attitudes of HCPs toward mental illness have changed over time. Research on this topic is mixed with respect to whether attitudes of HCPs toward mental illness have become more or less positive. The aim of the current study was to help clarify this issue using a cross-temporal meta-analysis of scores on the Social Distance Scale (SDS), Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI), and Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) measures among health care professionals and students (N = 15,653) from 1966 to 2016. Our results indicated that both social distance (β = -0.32, p < 0.001) and attitudes (β = 0.43, p = 0.007) of HCPs toward mental illness have become increasingly positive over time. These findings provide empirical evidence to support that the anti-stigma programs and courses have positive effects on HCPs and can inform future anti-stigma programs focusing on improving the attitudes of HCPs toward mental illness, thereby improving the quality of healthcare provided.
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Petkari E, Masedo Gutiérrez AI, Xavier M, Moreno Küstner B. The influence of clerkship on students' stigma towards mental illness: a meta-analysis. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 52:694-704. [PMID: 29498433 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In university programmes preparing students to work with patients with mental illness, clerkship is proposed as a component that may contribute to the battle against stigma, through bringing students into contact with the patients' reality. Yet, the precise contribution of clerkship remains unclear, perhaps because of the variety of university programmes, clerkship characteristics or types of stigma explored. This is the first systematic meta-analysis of available evidence determining the precise effect size of the influence of clerkship on stigma and the potential moderators. METHODS We carried out a systematic literature review in Eric, PsycINFO, Pubmed, Scopus, UMI and Proquest dissertations, aiming to identify all the studies exploring health care students' stigma of mental illness (measured as overall stigma or as attitudes, affect and behavioural intentions) before and after a clerkship from 2000 to 2017. Twenty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis, providing data from 22 independent samples. The total sample consisted of 3161 students. The effects of programme (medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, and their combination), study design (paired-unpaired samples), publication year, sex, age and clerkship context, and inclusion of theoretical training and duration, were examined as potential moderators. RESULTS Our analyses yielded a highly significant medium effect size for overall stigma (Hedge's g = 0.35; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20, 0.42), attitudes (Hedge's g = 0.308; p = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.51) and behavioural intentions (Hedge's g = 0.247; p < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.17, 0.33), indicating a considerable change, whereas there was no significant change in the students' affect. Moderator analyses provided evidence for the distinct nature of each stigma outcome, as they were influenced by different clerkship and student characteristics such as clerkship context, theoretical training, age and sex. CONCLUSIONS The robust effect of clerkship on students' stigma of mental illness established by the present meta-analysis highlights its role as a crucial curriculum component for experiential learning and as a necessary agent for the battle against stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petkari
- Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- International Maristan Network, http://www.redmaristan.org
| | - Ana I Masedo Gutiérrez
- International Maristan Network, http://www.redmaristan.org
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Xavier
- International Maristan Network, http://www.redmaristan.org
- Department of Mental Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Berta Moreno Küstner
- International Maristan Network, http://www.redmaristan.org
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute of Malaga-IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Yang G, Hu X, Liu Z, Guo N, He H, Sun B, Rosenheck R. Attitudes towards mental illness among medical students in China: Impact of medical education on stigma. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12294. [PMID: 28898545 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stigma towards people with mental illness impedes effective treatment. A recent study found that Chinese students were less socially accepting of people with mental illness than counterparts from other countries. The current study examined stigma among Chinese medical students at different levels of training. METHODS Medical students (N = 1372 from 12 Chinese schools) were surveyed with a questionnaire addressing attitudes and beliefs about people with mental illness. Analysis of variance was used to compare responses from students: (1) with no psychiatry training; (2) who had only taken a didactic course; and (3) who had completed both a course and a clinical rotation. Specific attitudes were identified through factor analysis. Interest in further training and other personal experience were also examined. RESULTS Factor analysis revealed attitudes favoring: (1) social acceptance of people with mental illness, (2) not believing in supernatural causes of mental illness, (3) bio-psycho-social causation, (4) rehabilitation, and (5) social integration. The absence of consistent trends across training levels suggested that education did not increase nonstigmatized attitudes. Areas of most stigmatization were low social acceptance and little favor for social integration. Measures most strongly correlated with nonstigmatized attitudes were as follows: interest in clinical psychiatry, belief that psychiatry should be more valued, and having friends with mental illness. DISCUSSION Although medical school education showed little effect on attitudes, students with more individual experiences such as planning to continue clinical psychiatric training, believing psychiatry should be more valued, and having friends with mental illness had less stigmatized attitudes than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- The Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- The Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Yang
- The Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinran Hu
- The Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- The Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Guo
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongbo He
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Hui Ai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Hui Ai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
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Warnke I, Gamma A, Buadze M, Schleifer R, Canela C, Strebel B, Tényi T, Rössler W, Rüsch N, Liebrenz M. Predicting Medical Students' Current Attitudes Toward Psychiatry, Interest in Psychiatry, and Estimated Likelihood of Working in Psychiatry: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four European Countries. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:49. [PMID: 29593577 PMCID: PMC5857547 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatry as a medical discipline is becoming increasingly important due to the high and increasing worldwide burden associated with mental disorders. Surprisingly, however, there is a lack of young academics choosing psychiatry as a career. Previous evidence on medical students' perspectives is abundant but has methodological shortcomings. Therefore, by attempting to avoid previous shortcomings, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the predictors of the following three outcome variables: current medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry, interest in psychiatry, and estimated likelihood of working in psychiatry. The sample consisted of N = 1,356 medical students at 45 medical schools in Germany and Austria as well as regions of Switzerland and Hungary with a German language curriculum. We used snowball sampling via Facebook with a link to an online questionnaire as recruitment procedure. Snowball sampling is based on referrals made among people. This questionnaire included a German version of the Attitudes Toward Psychiatry Scale (ATP-30-G) and further variables related to outcomes and potential predictors in terms of sociodemography (e.g., gender) or medical training (e.g., curriculum-related experience with psychiatry). Data were analyzed by linear mixed models and further regression models. On average, students had a positive attitude to and high general interest in, but low professional preference for, psychiatry. A neutral attitude to psychiatry was partly related to the discipline itself, psychiatrists, or psychiatric patients. Female gender and previous experience with psychiatry, particularly curriculum-related and personal experience, were important predictors of all outcomes. Students in the first years of medical training were more interested in pursuing psychiatry as a career. Furthermore, the country of the medical school was related to the outcomes. However, statistical models explained only a small proportion of variance. The findings indicate that particularly curriculum-related experience is important for determining attitudes toward psychiatry, interest in the subject and self-predicted professional career choice. We therefore encourage the provision of opportunities for clinical experience by psychiatrists. However, further predictor variables need to be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Warnke
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Gamma
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Buadze
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schleifer
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Canela
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Strebel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Protestant Hospital Hagen-Haspe, Hagen, Germany
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rüsch
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Janoušková M, Weissová A, Formánek T, Pasz J, Bankovská Motlová L. Mental illness stigma among medical students and teachers. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:744-751. [PMID: 29034811 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017735347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical school curriculum contributes to future doctors' attitude formation towards people with mental illness. AIM The purpose of this study was to compare stigmatizing attitudes between medical students and faculty, analyse stigmatizing attitudes among students from different years of study and identify factors predicting stigma. METHODS A cross-sectional study with the use of scales measuring attitudes and social distance was designed. Online questionnaires were distributed to all students and teachers at a medical faculty in the Czech Republic. RESULTS The response rate was 32.1% ( n = 308) among students and 26.7% ( n = 149) among teachers. Teachers had a greater prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes than students. Increased tolerant attitudes in students were detected after the fourth year, that is, following introduction to psychiatry. Preferred specialization in psychiatry and attending two psychiatry courses predicted more tolerant attitudes. Among both students and teachers, men possessed more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. Age was an important predictor of stigmatizing attitudes among teachers. CONCLUSION Educators should pay closer attention to the role of medical psychology and communication training implementation, which may be beneficial to improving skills and increasing medical students' self-esteem and feeling of competence throughout their psychiatry rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Janoušková
- 1 Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Weissová
- 1 Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Formánek
- 1 Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pasz
- 1 Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,2 Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bankovská Motlová
- 1 Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3 Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Chiles C, Stefanovics E, Rosenheck R. Attitudes of Students at a US Medical School Toward Mental Illness and Its Causes. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2017; 41:320-325. [PMID: 26951266 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-016-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stigma among health care providers toward people with mental illness is a worldwide problem. This study at a large US university examined medical student attitudes toward mental illness and its causes, and whether student attitudes change as they progress in their education. METHODS An electronic questionnaire focusing on attitudes toward people with mental illness, causes of mental illness, and treatment efficacy was used to survey medical students at all levels of training. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish attitudinal factors, and analysis of variance was used to identify differences in student attitudes among these factors. Independent-samples t tests were used to assess attitudes toward efficacy of treatments for six common psychiatric and medical conditions. RESULTS The study response rate was 42.6 % (n = 289). Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors reflecting social acceptance of mental illness, belief in supernatural causes, and belief in biopsychosocial causes. Stages of student education did not differ across these factors. Students who had completed the psychiatry clerkship were more likely to believe that anxiety disorders and diabetes could be treated effectively. Students reporting personal experiences with mental illness showed significantly more social acceptance, and people born outside the USA were more likely to endorse supernatural causes of mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Sociocultural influences and personal experience with mental illness have a greater effect than medical education on attitudes toward people with mental illness. Psychiatric education appears to have a small but significant effect on student attitudes regarding treatment efficacy.
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