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Newman TM, Shively CA, Register TC, Appt SE, Yadav H, Colwell RR, Fanelli B, Dadlani M, Graubics K, Nguyen UT, Ramamoorthy S, Uberseder B, Clear KYJ, Wilson AS, Reeves KD, Chappell MC, Tooze JA, Cook KL. Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:100. [PMID: 33952353 PMCID: PMC8101030 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to increase understanding of the complex interactions between diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome of adult female non-human primates (NHPs). Subjects consumed either a Western (n=15) or Mediterranean (n=14) diet designed to represent human dietary patterns for 31 months. Body composition was determined using CT, fecal samples were collected, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Gut microbiome results were grouped by diet and adiposity. RESULTS Diet was the main contributor to gut microbiome bacterial diversity. Adiposity within each diet was associated with subtle shifts in the proportional abundance of several taxa. Mediterranean diet-fed NHPs with lower body fat had a greater proportion of Lactobacillus animalis than their higher body fat counterparts. Higher body fat Western diet-fed NHPs had more Ruminococcus champaneliensis and less Bacteroides uniformis than their low body fat counterparts. Western diet-fed NHPs had significantly higher levels of Prevotella copri than Mediterranean diet NHPs. Western diet-fed subjects were stratified by P. copri abundance (P. copriHIGH versus P. copriLOW), which was not associated with adiposity. Overall, Western diet-fed animals in the P. copriHIGH group showed greater proportional abundance of B. ovatus, B. faecis, P. stercorea, P. brevis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii than those in the Western P. copriLOW group. Western diet P. copriLOW subjects had a greater proportion of Eubacterium siraeum. E. siraeum negatively correlated with P. copri proportional abundance regardless of dietary consumption. In the Western diet group, Shannon diversity was significantly higher in P. copriLOW when compared to P. copriHIGH subjects. Furthermore, gut E. siraeum abundance positively correlated with HDL plasma cholesterol indicating that those in the P. copriLOW population may represent a more metabolically healthy population. Untargeted metabolomics on urine and plasma from Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH and P. copriLOW subjects suggest early kidney dysfunction in Western diet-fed P. copriHIGH subjects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the data indicate diet to be the major influencer of gut bacterial diversity. However, diet and adiposity must be considered together when analyzing changes in abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Interestingly, P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Newman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Susan E Appt
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, USF Center for Microbiome Research University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beth Uberseder
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kenysha Y J Clear
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Adam S Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kimberly D Reeves
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mark C Chappell
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave, Suite 340, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Manta-Vogli PD, Schulpis KH, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. The significant role of carnitine and fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation and perinatal period. Nutritional support in specific groups of pregnant women. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2337-2346. [PMID: 31732292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pregnancy is characterized by a complexity of metabolic processes that may impact fetal health and development. Women's nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is considered important for both mother and infant. This review aims to investigate the significant role of fatty acids and carnitine during pregnancy and lactation in specific groups of pregnant and lactating women. METHODS The literature was reviewed using relevant data bases (e.g. Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct) and relevant articles were selected to provide information and data for the text and associated Tables. RESULTS Dynamic features especially of plasma carnitine profile during pregnancy and lactation, indicate an extraordinarily active participation of carnitine in the intermediary metabolism both in pregnant woman and in neonate and may also have implications for health and disease later in life. Maternal diets rich in trans and saturated fatty acids can lead to impairments in the metabolism and development of the offspring, whereas the consumption of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy plays a beneficial physiologic and metabolic role in the health of offspring. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women who are underweight, overweight or obese, with gestational diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus and those who choose vegan/vegetarian diets or are coming from socially disadvantaged areas, should be nutritionally supported to achieve a higher quality diet during pregnancy and/or lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope D Manta-Vogli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Yannis Dotsikas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, GR-157 71, Athens, Greece.
| | - Yannis L Loukas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, GR-157 71, Athens, Greece.
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