AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 gene variants are associated with cardiovascular-related phenotypes in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial obstructive disease

Effects of AGT and AGTR1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Changes in Blood Pressure Over a Five-Year Follow-Up

Purpose

The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the central regulation of blood pressure (BP). Genetic variations of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) may increase susceptibility to elevated BP and hypertension. This study investigated the effects of AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on BP at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up.

Paticipants and Methods

The study population consisted of participants from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand cohort study (n=354); data were collected at baseline (2013) and 5 years later (2018). Genotyping of the two SNPs was performed using TaqMan® assay and statistical analyses were performed with SNPStats software.

Results

The frequencies of the two SNPs were within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.22 for AGT rs699 and p=0.06 for AGTR1 rs5186). For each SNP, mutant genotypes were significantly associated with increased systolic BP and/or diastolic BP in the codominant and recessive models. Risk alleles of AGT rs699 and AGTR1 rs5186 were associated with increased odds of hypertension and hypertension with metabolic syndrome at follow-up.

Conclusion

Overall, our results suggest that polymorphisms of genes in the renin-angiotensin system increase susceptibility to the development and progression of hypertension and the development of the metabolic syndrome.

Genetic Variations in Angiotensinogen Gene and Risk of Preeclampsia: A Pilot Study

Preeclampsia (PE) is a typical hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) which can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and fetuses. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are the main HDP-causing genes, and Angiotensinogen (AGT) as the initial substrate can directly reflect the activity of the entire RAS. However, the association between AGT SNPs and PE risk has rarely been confirmed. This study was carried out to determine whether AGT SNPs could affect the risk of PE in 228 cases and 358 controls. The genotyping result revealed that the AGT rs7079 TT carrier was related to increased PE risk. Further stratified analysis illustrated that the rs7079 TT genotype significantly increased the PE risk in subgroups of Age < 35, BMI < 25, Albumin (ALB) ≥ 30 and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) < 30. These findings demonstrated that the rs7079 might be a promising candidate SNP strongly associated with PE susceptibility.

Association of Lipids’ Metabolism with Vitamin D Receptor (rs10735810, rs222857) and Angiotensinogen (rs699) Genes Polymorphism in Essential Hypertensive Patients

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most spread cause of mortality in the world. Essential arterial hypertension (EAH), as a major risk factor for the development of CV diseases, is a multifactorial disease involving environmental and genetic factors together with risk-conferring behaviors. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze lipid metabolism changes in patients with EAH depending on the Vitamin D receptor (VDR rs2228570 (aka rs10735810)) and angiotensinogen (AGT rs699) genes polymorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-stage study involved 100 patients suffering from Stage 2 EAH, 1–3 degrees of blood pressure increase, high and very high CV risks, 21% (21) men, and 79% (79) women. The average age of patients was 59.86 ± 6.22 years old. The control group included 60 practically healthy individuals of an appropriate age and sex distribution. To examine the VDR gene (rs10735810, rs2228570) and AGT gene (rs699) polymorphism, a qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was made. The lipid metabolism was studied by determining the blood plasma content of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs). RESULTS: Т allele of AGT gene is associated with reduced HDL-C level in men and increased TGs level in women. The EAH risk increases 4.5 times as much among the ТС-genotype carriers and lowered HDL-C level (odds ratio [OR] = 6.43; p = 0.01). The EAH risk increases as far as the HDL-C level reduction, irrespective of the VDR gene alleles condition 1.83 times (OR = 2.37; OR 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–5.51; p = 0.04) and 1.9 times (OR=2.43; OR 95% CI: 0.99–5.97; p = 0.04). HDL-C reduction and LDL-C elevation in women increase the EAH risk 2.4 times (OR = 3.27; p = 0.01) and 1.24 times (OR = 3.67; p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The EAH risk increases with a reduced HDL-C level in the TC genotype carriers of the AGT gene and irrespective of VDR gene polymorphic variants.

Relationship between AGT rs2493132 polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with NAFLD in the Chinese Han population

Objective

To investigate the relationship between angiotensin (AGT) rs2493132 gene polymorphism and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

Polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine AGT genotypes. Anthropometric and clinical data were investigated and statistically analyzed in the clinical laboratory department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital.

Results

The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype was an important risk factor for CAD in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD + CAD in healthy controls. The AGT rs2493132 T allele increased the risk of NAFLD + CAD in healthy controls. The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype and T allele also significantly increased the risk of CAD in patients with NAFLD after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. In addition, AGT rs2493132 T allele carriers showed higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared with non-carriers.

Conclusions

The AGT rs2493132 CT + TT genotype and T allele significantly increased the risk of developing CAD in patients with NAFLD in the Chinese Han population. The AGT rs2493132 T allele was associated with increased serum TC and LDL levels.

Gene polymorphism associated with angiotensinogen (M235T), endothelial lipase (584C/T) and susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To explore the association between the variant M235T locus of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, 584C/T locus of Endothelial lipase (EL) gene, and coronary artery disease (CAD) by meta-analysis.

METHODS

The case-control studies on the association between AGT/EL gene polymorphism and CAD were collected through searching PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases up to 1 March 2020. Stata 15.0 software was used for analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria. After analyzing, it was found that the M235T polymorphism of AGT gene was associated with the occurrence of CAD. In the allele model (T vs. M), OR = 1.38 (P<v0.05). In other heredity, there was also statistical significance. Subgroup analysis indicated that except the heterozygous genetic model of the Chinese population, other genetic models of the Caucasian and Chinese population were also statistically significant. The 584C/T polymorphism of EL gene was associated with the occurrence of CAD, with OR = 0.83 (P<0.05) in the allele model (T vs. C) and OR = 0.80 (P<0.05) in the dominant gene model. Also, in the allele model of Caucasian subgroup, OR = 0.83 (P<0.05), while in Asian subgroup, there was no statistically significant genetic model.

CONCLUSION

AGT M235T and EL 584C/T polymorphisms are associated with CAD susceptibility. The genotype TT, TC or allele T of AGT M235T and genotype CC or allele C of EL 584C/T might be the genetic risk factors for the development of CAD.