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El-Metwaly EA, Mohamed HE, El-Basheer TM, Moselhy MTH, Zulfiqar S, Cochran EW, Maamoun AA. Eco-conscious upcycling of sugarcane bagasse into flexible polyurethane foam for mechanical & acoustic relevance. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23683-23692. [PMID: 39077325 PMCID: PMC11284533 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04025b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the use of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), a byproduct of sugarcane processing, as a bio-filler in the production of flexible polyurethane foam (FPU), focusing on its benefits for both the environment and the economy. By varying the inclusion of SCB waste from 1 to 6 wt%, the research aims to enhance the FPU's mechanical and acoustic characteristics. Techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized to analyze the chemical structure and surface characteristics of both SCB and the FPU/SCB composites. Additionally, tests on gel fraction, density, and mechanical properties were conducted. The results indicate that adding 4 wt% SCB to FPU considerably improved the foam's properties. This modification resulted in a 148.63% increase in apparent density, a 228.47% rise in compressive strength, and a 116.24% boost in tensile strength. Furthermore, sound absorption across various frequency ranges was enhanced compared to the control foam. Additionally, the findings show that SCB effectively shifts sound absorption characteristics to lower frequencies. Specifically, at a low frequency of 500 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient increased to 0.4 with a foam thickness of 20 mm. This demonstrates that SCB can significantly improve FPU's performance, making it an attractive option for applications requiring noise mitigation, such as in the automotive and construction industries, thereby offering a sustainable solution to waste management and materials innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A El-Metwaly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University Cairo 11517 Egypt
| | - Hadeel E Mohamed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University Cairo 11517 Egypt
| | - Tarek M El-Basheer
- Department of Acoustics, Mass and Force Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards (NIS) El-Sadat Street, El-Haram El-Giza 12211 Egypt
| | | | - Sonia Zulfiqar
- Department of Physical Sciences, Lander University 320 Stanley Ave Greenwood South Carolina 29649 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University Sweeney Hall, 618 Bissell Road Ames Iowa 50011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava 30. Dubna 22 Ostrava 701 03 Czech Republic
| | - Eric W Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University Sweeney Hall, 618 Bissell Road Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelhamid Maamoun
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Chemistry Division, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University Cairo 11517 Egypt
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Tiuc AE, Borlea (Mureșan) SI, Nemeș O, Vermeșan H, Vasile O, Popa F, Pințoi R. New Composite Materials Made from Rigid/Flexible Polyurethane Foams with Fir Sawdust: Acoustic and Thermal Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173643. [PMID: 36080718 PMCID: PMC9459929 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to obtain new materials with improved sound absorbing and thermal properties, using rigid or flexible polyurethane foam reinforced with recycled fir sawdust from wood processing as well as by optimizing their mixing ratio. In this respect, we prepared and characterized samples by mixing rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF)/flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) with 0, 35, 40, 45, and 50 wt% fir sawdust (FS) with grains size larger than 2 mm. The samples were evaluated by cell morphology analysis, sound absorption, and thermal insulation performance. The obtained composite materials containing 50% sawdust have superior acoustic properties compared to those with 100% FPUF in the range of 420-1250 Hz. The addition of 35% and 50% FS in the FPUF matrix led to improved thermal insulation properties and decreased thermal insulation properties in the case of RPUF. The results show that the use of FS-based composites with the FPUF/RPUF matrix for sound absorption and thermal insulation applications is a desirable choice and could be applied as an alternative to conventional synthetic fiber-based materials and as a recycling method of waste wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuța-Elena Tiuc
- Department Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-E.T.); (O.N.); (H.V.)
| | - Simona Ioana Borlea (Mureșan)
- Department Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Nemeș
- Department Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-E.T.); (O.N.); (H.V.)
| | - Horațiu Vermeșan
- Department Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-E.T.); (O.N.); (H.V.)
| | - Ovidiu Vasile
- Department of Mechanics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Popa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona Pințoi
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Civil Construction, University of Craiova, 200512 Craiova, Romania
- Research Institute for Construction Equipment and Technology—ICECON S.A., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Sound-absorbing porous materials: a review on polyurethane-based foams. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-01006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhao J, Yu Z, Tian H, Liu S, Luo X. Effect of bagasse content on low frequency acoustic performance of soy oil‐based biodegradable foams filled with bagasse and regulation mechanism analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Hubei Light Industry Technology Institute Wuhan China
| | - Zengcheng Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Huafeng Tian
- Key laboratory of Processing and Quality Evaluation Technology of Green Plastics of China National Light Industry council Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shilin Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Hubei Light Industry Technology Institute Wuhan China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City China
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Rahmatpanah Z, Nikje MMA. Thermally Stable Magnetic Polyurethane Nanocomposites Prepared from Functionalized Polybutadiene: Novel Approach to the Polybutadiene Chemical Modification. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hebda E, Bukowczan A, Michałowski S, Wroński S, Urbaniak P, Kaczmarek M, Hutnik E, Romaniuk A, Wolun-Cholewa M, Pielichowski K. Examining the influence of functionalized POSS on the structure and bioactivity of flexible polyurethane foams. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110370. [PMID: 31923950 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work reports for the first time on a new class of flexible polyurethane foam hybrids (PUFs) synthesized with the use of less toxic aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), which have been chemically modified by POSS moieties. The flexible polyurethane foam hybrids (PUFs) chemically modified by functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: octa(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyldimethylsiloxy)POSS (OCTA-POSS) and 1,2-propanediolizo-butylPOSS (PHI-POSS), was obtained. The resulting foams, which contain 0 to 15 wt % POSS, were characterized in terms of their structure, morphology, density and compressive strength. The FT-IR results indicate the chemical incorporation of both OCTAPOSS and PHIPOSS into the polyurethane matrix. SEM-EDS analysis showed that both OCTAPOSS and PHIPOSS nanoparticles are distributed homogeneously in the foam structure; at 15 wt % load PHIPOSS characteristic "crosses" are formed. With the increase of PHIPOSS content in the matrix, the formation of agglomerates is observed, as revealed by WAXD spectra. The introduction of POSS compounds reduces the porosity of the polyurethane, with the number of pores increasing as the amount of modifier increases. Mechanical tests - compressive strength - show that the hardness of modified materials (5 wt % POSS) increases compared to the reference material. An incubation was carried out in a simulated physiological fluid (SBF) to pre-assess the bioactivity of the materials obtained. The obtained results confirmed the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the PUF-POSS surface. Cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptosis of osteoblast cells and fibroblasts were assessed in the presence of the PUF-POSS materials. Test materials have a cytotoxic effect on both established cell lines. PUF-PHIPOSS samples showed better biocompatibility than reference and PUF-OCTAPOSS samples, as they caused lower mortality of the examined cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Hebda
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Artur Bukowczan
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Michałowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Wroński
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. 30 Mickiewicza Street, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Urbaniak
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 5D Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 5D Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Hutnik
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 5D Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Romaniuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Wolun-Cholewa
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 5D Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pielichowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
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Nikje MMA, Moghaddam ST, Noruzian M. Preparation of novel magnetic polyurethane foam nanocomposites by using core-shell nanoparticles. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Nikje MMA, Kalishomi RG, Akbar R. Preparation of Polyurethane Flexible Foam Nanocomposites by Incorporation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Modified by Reaction Product of GPTS and APTS. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931503400502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) nanocomposites is reported. In order to improving dispersion and preventing aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, this material was modified by synthesized dipodal silane (ECA), the reaction product of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS). The chemical structure of synthesized ECA was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. Magnetic flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites prepared by the incorporation of ECA-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and characterized by their apparent density, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), magnetic properties analysis (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR spectra, respectively. The TEM and SEM images indicated that the nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in PUF matrix. Finally, it was confirmed that the thermal and magnetic properties of magnetic PUF nanocomposite depend on the amount of magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Gao X, Chen K, Liang S, Fan C, Huang Y, Jia X, Tian C, Wang J. Effects of raw and poly(propylene oxide) grafted nanosilica on the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
| | - Shuen Liang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
| | - Chunchun Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Yigang Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
| | - Chunrong Tian
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
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Abstract
Lot of research is going on to develop materials suitable for absorbing sound and reducing noise. By virtue of their superior vibration damping capability and attractive characteristics such as visco elasticity, simple processing and commercial availability, polyurethane foams are extensively applied not only in automotive seats but also in various acoustical parts. However, the sound absorption coefficient of polyurethane foams is high (0.8 1.0) in high frequencies in the range 300 to 10000Hz while it is found to be low (0 to 0.5) at low frequencies (10 to 200 Hz). In this study new polyurethane based porous composites were synthesized by in situ foam rising polymerization of polyol and diisocyanate in the presence of fillers such as nanosilica (NS) and nanoclay (NC). The effect of these fillers at various concentrations up to 2% was studied for sound absorption characteristics in the frequency range 100-200Hz. Sound absorption coefficient was determined using standing wave impedance tube method. The sound absorption coefficient of filled PU foams increases from 0.5 to 0.8 with frequency increase from 100 to 200 Hz at higher content of the nanofillers employed. This research work is further extended to study the sound absorption capacity of unfilled PU foam with varying thickness and also hybrid foams with woven glass (GFC) and polyester cloth (PEC). The unfilled foam with 60mm of thickness gives sound absorption value same as that of 15mm of filled foam. Further enhanced absorption value is achieved with PU/NS-GFC hybrid. The results obtained are explained based on the porosity of composite structure and foam cell size.Key words Polyurethane foam, sound absorption coefficient, nanosilica, nanoclay, low frequency sound.
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Alavi Nikje MM, Tamaddoni Moghaddam S, Noruzian M, Farahmand Nejad MA, Shabani K, Haghshenas M, Shakhesi S. Preparation and characterization of flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites reinforced by magnetic core-shell Fe3O4@APTS nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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