1
|
Cui J, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Xue M. Bioinformatics analysis of DNMT1 expression and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2267. [PMID: 33500531 PMCID: PMC7838186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of malignancy in the world. DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) play key roles in carcinogenesis and regulation of the immune micro-environment, but the gene expression and the role of DNMT1 in HNSCC is unknown. In this study, we utilized online tools and databases for pan-cancer and HNSCC analysis of DNMT1 expression and its association with clinical cancer characteristics. We also identified genes that positively and negatively correlated with DNMT1 expression and identified eight hub genes based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions related with of DNMT1. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was performed to explore the relationship between DNMT1 expression and immune-cell infiltration. We demonstrated that DNMT1 gene expression was upregulated in HNSCC and associated with poor prognosis. Based on analysis of the eight hub genes, we determined that DNMT1 may be involved in cell cycle, proliferation and metabolic related pathways. We also found that significant difference of B cells infiltration based on TP 53 mutation. These findings suggest that DNMT1 related epigenetic alterations have close relationship with HNSCC progression, and DNMT1 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jili Cui
- Department of General Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of General Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- Department of General Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gómez-Ganau S, Castillo J, Cervantes A, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Gozalbes R. Computational Evaluation and In Vitro Validation of New Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1628-1639. [PMID: 32493189 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200603122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a receptor of extracellular protein ligands of the epidermal growth factor (EGF/ErbB) family. It has been shown that EGFR is overexpressed by many tumours and correlates with poor prognosis. Therefore, EGFR can be considered as a very interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of a large variety of cancers such as lung, ovarian, endometrial, gastric, bladder and breast cancers, cervical adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma and glioblastoma. METHODS We have followed a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) procedure with a library composed of several commercial collections of chemicals (615,462 compounds in total) and the 3D structure of EGFR obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB code: 1M17). The docking results from this campaign were then ranked according to the theoretical binding affinity of these molecules to EGFR, and compared with the binding affinity of erlotinib, a well-known EGFR inhibitor. A total of 23 top-rated commercial compounds displaying potential binding affinities similar or even better than erlotinib were selected for experimental evaluation. In vitro assays in different cell lines were performed. A preliminary test was carried out with a simple and standard quick cell proliferation assay kit, and six compounds showed significant activity when compared to positive control. Then, viability and cell proliferation of these compounds were further tested using a protocol based on propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry in HCT116, Caco-2 and H358 cell lines. RESULTS The whole six compounds displayed good effects when compared with erlotinib at 30 μM. When reducing the concentration to 10μM, the activity of the 6 compounds depends on the cell line used: the six compounds showed inhibitory activity with HCT116, two compounds showed inhibition with Caco-2, and three compounds showed inhibitory effects with H358. At 2 μM, one compound showed inhibiting effects close to those from erlotinib. CONCLUSION Therefore, these compounds could be considered as potential primary hits, acting as promising starting points to expand the therapeutic options against a wide range of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Gómez-Ganau
- ProtoQSAR SL, European Center for Innovative Companies (CEEI), Valencia Technology Park, Avenida Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josefa Castillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL, European Center for Innovative Companies (CEEI), Valencia Technology Park, Avenida Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Polverini PJ, Lingen MW. A History of Innovations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral and Head and Neck Cancer. J Dent Res 2019; 98:489-497. [PMID: 31008698 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519833645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical records as far back as 3000 BCE show that oral and head and neck cancer was a disease process well known to Egyptian physicians. Luminaries such as Hippocrates, Galen, Pott, and Virchow were instrumental in shaping our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of cancer. During the 20th century, evidence-based medicine catalyzed the development of rigorous science-based diagnostic and treatment protocols. The use of surgery, therapeutic radiation, and chemotherapy as single-treatment agents or in combination with one another gradually emerged as the preferred approach to cancer therapy. The recognition of tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus as etiological agents in oral and head and neck cancer prompted the development of new diagnostic aids and treatment strategies to mitigate cancer progression. More in-depth mechanistic insights into the multistep process of oral and head and neck cancer were made possible by the use of the hamster buccal pouch and mouse models. New technologies, such as the sequencing of the human genome, metabolomics, and proteomics, have provided the foundation for what we today call precision medicine. The future success of tailored medical treatment for cancer patients will depend on the discovery of new druggable targets with improved therapeutic efficacy. As the precision and sensitivity of existing tools for prevention and risk assessment improve, greater accuracy will be achieved in predicting health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Polverini
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Medicine, Pathology, and Radiology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,3 University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M W Lingen
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De La Torre A, Romero J, Montero A, Garcia-Berrocal MI, Valcarcel FJ, Cordoba S, Magallon R. Radiochemotherapy with Cisplatin and Oral Tegafur in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase II Study. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:453-8. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of an original concurrent radiochemotherapy regimen in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Methods Sixty-four patients with stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma arising from a head and neck mucosal site were eligible. Simultaneous radiochemotherapy consisted of two courses of continuous infusional cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d, days 1–4 and 29–32) and oral tegafur (1200 mg/d, days 1–14 and 29–43), together with conventional radiation therapy up to a total dose of 70–75 Gy over nine weeks. Results All the patients were evaluated for toxicity and response. Acute mucositis was the most prevalent complication. Grade 3 toxicities were mucositis (44%), skin toxicity (10%), leukopenia (8%), and thrombocytopenia (1%). No toxic death was observed. Complete response to treatment was observed in 72% of patients. With a median follow-up of 48.5 months (range, 27–84), 5-year actuarial rate of local-regional control, disease-free survival, overall survival and disease-specific survival were 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40–70%), 55% (95% CI, 45–65%), 51% (95% CI, 43–59%) and 61% (95% CI, 53–69%), respectively. Conclusions Response, local-regional control and survival rates are equivalent to those reported from other concomitant radiochemotherapy combinations. However, the regimen offers the advantage of its tolerance and toxicity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De La Torre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital “Clínica Puerta de Hierro”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Romero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital “Clínica Puerta de Hierro”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Montero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital “Clínica Puerta de Hierro”, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J Valcarcel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital “Clínica Puerta de Hierro”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Cordoba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital “Clínica Puerta de Hierro”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Magallon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital “Clínica Puerta de Hierro”, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yilmaz M, Karatas OF, Yuceturk B, Dag H, Yener M, Ozen M. Alpha-B-crystallin expression in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Head Neck 2014; 37:1344-8. [PMID: 24817638 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), being an aggressive malignancy, is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant types of head and neck SCC worldwide. The recent studies suggested that αB-crystallin might play an important role in tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the αB-crystallin expression level in metastatic and nonmetastatic laryngeal SCC tissues and to determine its prognostic significance. METHODS Alpha-B-crystallin expression status in metastatic, nonmetastatic laryngeal SCC, and normal tissue samples was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS We demonstrated that the expression of αB-crystallin was significantly upregulated in laryngeal SCC tumor tissue samples in comparison with the corresponding normal tissues (p < .001), although no significant association has been found between αB-crystallin expression and either the metastatic potential or the T classification of the specimens. CONCLUSION Although expression of αB-crystallin is not statistically correlated with neck metastases, we demonstrated that αB-crystallin is significantly overexpressed in laryngeal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Yuceturk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Dag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Yener
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kornman KS, Polverini PJ. Clinical application of genetics to guide prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Clin Genet 2014; 86:44-9. [PMID: 24702466 PMCID: PMC4233973 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental care costs in the United States exceed $100 billion annually. Personalized medicine efforts in dentistry are driven by potentially compelling clinical utility and cost-effectiveness prospects in the major diseases of periodontitis, caries, and oral cancers. This review discusses progress and challenges identifying genetic markers and showing clinical utility in dentistry. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chronic periodontitis (CP) identified no significant variants, but CDKN2BAS variants on chromosome 9 were significantly associated with aggressive periodontitis. Stratifying patients by interleukin (IL)-1 gene variants, smoking and diabetes differentiated CP prevention outcomes. Dental caries' GWAS identified significant signals in LYZL2, AJAp1, and KPNA4; and efforts are ongoing to identify genetic factors for multiple caries phenotypes. Trials of molecularly targeted therapies are in progress for oral, head, and neck squamous cell carcinomas (OHNSCC) and results have been promising but limited in their effectiveness. Current opportunities and challenges for molecular targeting for OHNSCC are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Kornman
- Department of R&D, Interleukin Genetics, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeted therapy in head and neck cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:707-21. [PMID: 22373581 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of multi-factorial etiopathogenesis is rising worldwide. Treatment-associated toxicity problems and treatment failure in advanced disease stages with conventional therapies have necessitated a focus on alternative strategies. Molecular targeted therapy, with the potential for increased selectivity and fewer adverse effects, hold promise in the treatment of HNSCC. In an attempt to improve outcomes in HNSCC, targeted therapeutic strategies have been developed. These strategies are focusing on the molecular biology of HNSCC in an attempt to target selected pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis by focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways or by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature are some of the new approaches. Targeted agents for HNSCC expected to improve the effectiveness of current therapy include EGFR inhibitors (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Zalutumumab), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Gefitinib, Erloitinib), VEGFR inhibitors (Bevacizumab, Vandetanib), and various inhibitors of, e.g., Src-family kinase, PARP, proteasome, mTOR, COX, and heat shock protein. Moreover, targeted molecular therapy can also act as a complement to other existing cancer therapies. Several studies have demonstrated that the combination of targeting techniques with conventional current treatment protocols may improve the treatment outcome and disease control, without exacerbating the treatment related toxicities. Some of the targeted approaches have been proved as promising therapeutic potentials and are already in use, whereas remainder exhibits mixed result and necessitates further studies. Identification of predictive biomarkers of resistance or sensitivity to these therapies remains a fundamental challenge in the optimal selection of patients most likely to benefit from targeted treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
McLaughlin PJ, Stucki JK, Zagon IS. Modulation of the opioid growth factor ([Met5]-enkephalin)-opioid growth factor receptor axis: Novel therapies for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2011; 34:513-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
9
|
Hasselbalch B, Lassen U, Poulsen HS, Stockhausen MT. Cetuximab insufficiently inhibits glioma cell growth due to persistent EGFR downstream signaling. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:775-87. [PMID: 20504227 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.483506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and/or amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is present in 35-45% of primary glioblastoma multiforme tumors and has been correlated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of cetuximab and intracellular signaling pathways downstream of EGFR, important for cell survival and proliferation. We show insufficient EGFR downregulation and competition with endogenous EGFR ligands upon cetuximab treatment. Dose-response experiments showed inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation without affecting two of the prominent downstream signaling pathways. Our results indicate that amplification and/or overexpression of EGFR is an unsatisfactory predictor for response to cetuximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikte Hasselbalch
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
There is great potential for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in the treatment of head and neck cancer. In recent years, developments in fields such as antigen screening, protein engineering, and cancer biology have facilitated the rational design of targeted pharmaceuticals, with monoclonal antibodies forming the most rapidly expanding category. TRT may be a promising way to improve targeted treatment, especially in head and neck cancer, because of the intrinsic radiosensitivity of this tumor type. TRT may also provide a good foundation on which to build rational biologic combination therapies. In the next few years the use of TRT may offer new opportunities for further improvement of the therapeutic ratio that potentially may obviate or reduce the need for conventional cytotoxics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika V Nestor
- Unit of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rentoft M, Hultin S, Coates PJ, Laurell G, Nylander K. Tubulin α-6 chain is a stably expressed reference gene in archival samples of normal oral tissue and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:419-423. [PMID: 22993556 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most critical factors in gene expression studies using quantitative real-time PCR is the choice of reference gene. Many of the commonly used reference genes have been shown to vary during a number of biological processes as well as between tissues. It is therefore important to always verify the stability of the gene of choice for all new tissues and experimental conditions. Here, we used two publicly available computer software packages (GeNorm and NormFinder) to investigate the stability of eight potential reference genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from normal oral tissue of different origin as well as from oral squamous cell carcinomas. Both programs found the tubulin α-6 chain (TUBA6) and ribosomal protein S13 (RPS13) to have the most stable expression between malignant and non-malignant tissue. NormFinder also found TUBA6 to be the most stable gene when samples were grouped according to tissue origin. FFPE samples constitute a large research resource, which considerably increases the number of samples available for analysis, leading to more reliable conclusions. Verification of a proper reference gene in oral FFPE tissue is therefore of great importance for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Rentoft
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boldrup L, Coates PJ, Gu X, Nylander K. ΔNp63 isoforms differentially regulate gene expression in squamous cell carcinoma: identification ofCox-2as a novel p63 target. J Pathol 2009; 218:428-36. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
13
|
Han J, Kioi M, Chu WS, Kasperbauer JL, Strome SE, Puri RK. Identification of potential therapeutic targets in human head & neck squamous cell carcinoma. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2009; 1:27. [PMID: 19602232 PMCID: PMC2719634 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and recurrent malignancy. Identification of unique or overexpressed cell-associated or cell surface antigens is critical for diagnosis and development of cancer vaccines and targeted therapies for HNSCC. We have used high throughput microarray technology to search for candidate targets in HNSCC. Methods Gene expression profiling in 17 HNSCC tumors and 3 normal tonsil tissues was performed by microarray. QRT-PCR analysis was performed to validate the microarray results. The five candidate genes were further characterized by immunohistochemical technique in surgical samples and tissue arrays. Results A total of 192 up-regulated genes at statistical significance of p < 0.01 and log2 ratio ≥ 1 were identified in HNSCC tumors compared to normal tissues. These genes belong to immune response, cell growth, cell cycle regulation, oncogenes, metabolism and others. Five potential novel target genes (FABP5, CD24, CD44, CD74, and HSP27) were identified, which were highly expressed in HNSCC tumor samples and tissue arrays. CD24, CD44, and CD74 proteins were expressed on the cell surface, and FABP5 and HSP27 proteins were predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of HNSCC. Conclusion Five genes and their products may serve as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target for HNSCC. While additional work is needed to elucidate the biological significance of these proteins, CD24 and CD74 expressed only in small proportion of cells indicating tumor heterogeneity and subtypes of tumor initiating cells (CD24+/CD44+) present in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bozec A, Sudaka A, Toussan N, Fischel JL, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G. Combination of sunitinib, cetuximab and irradiation in an orthotopic head and neck cancer model. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:1703-7. [PMID: 19542251 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate beneficial effects from combining radiotherapy with either anti-angiogenic drugs or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agent. To investigate the effect of combining these approaches, we evaluated in vivo the antitumor efficacy of the anti-angiogenic compound sunitinib, an oral, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits among others vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors-1, -2 and -3, cetuximab, a mAb targeting the EGFR, and irradiation (RT) given alone and in combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Investigations were carried out using a VEGF-secreting human head and neck tumor cell line, CAL33, with a high EGFR content, growing as orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Three days after tumor cell injection, sunitinib (20 mg/kg, p.o.), cetuximab (1 mg/kg, i.p.), both 5 days/week seven doses, and RT (6 Gy, 3 days/week, four doses) were administered alone and in combination during 9 days. RESULTS Concomitant administration of drugs produced a marked and significant supra-additive decrease, and the addition of RT completely abolished tumor growth. The drug association markedly reduced tumor cell proliferation (Ki67) and the number of the vessels, but enhanced cell differentiation. CONCLUSION The efficacy of this combination of sunitinib, cetuximab and RT may be of clinical importance in the management of head and neck cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bozec
- Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matta A, Ralhan R. Overview of current and future biologically based targeted therapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2009; 1:6. [PMID: 19284526 PMCID: PMC2660327 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics and systems biology have unraveled the complex aberrant signaling networks in cancer. The knowledge accrued has dramatically increased the opportunities for discovery of novel molecular targets for drug development. Major emphasis is being laid on designing new therapeutic strategies targeting multiple signaling pathways for more effective disease management. However, the translation of in vitro findings to patient management often poses major challenges that limit their clinical efficacy. Here we will discuss how understanding the dysregulated signaling networks can explain the pitfalls in translating the laboratory findings from the bench-to-bedside and suggest novel approaches to overcome these problems using head and neck cancer as a prototype. The five year survival rates of HNSCC patients (about 50% at 5 years) have not improved significantly despite advancements in multimodality therapy including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Molecular targeted therapies with inhibitors of EGFR and VEGF either alone, or in combination with conventional treatments have shown limited improved efficacy. The key deregulated signaling pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include EGFR, Ras, TGFβ, NFκB, Stat, Wnt/β-catenin and PI3-K/AKT/mTOR. The aberrant activities of these interrelated signaling pathways contribute to HNSCC development. In depth understanding of the cross-talks between these pathways and networks will form the basis of developing novel strategies for targeting multiple molecular components for more effective prevention and treatment of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Matta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
ErbB receptors in the biology and pathology of the aerodigestive tract. Exp Cell Res 2008; 315:572-82. [PMID: 18778701 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The most common sites of malignancies in the aerodigestive tract include the lung, head and neck and the esophagus. Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) are the primary focus of this review. Traditional treatment for aerodigestive tract cancers includes primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or surgical resection followed by radiation (or CRT). Recent developments in treatment have focused increasingly on molecular targeting strategies including cetuximab (a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)). Cetuximab was FDA approved in 2006 for treatment of SCCHN, underscoring the importance of understanding the biology of these malignancies. EGFR is a member of the ErbB family of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. The major pathways activated by ErbB receptors include Ras/Raf/MAPK; PI3K/AKT; PLCgamma and STATs, all of which lead to the transcription of target genes that may contribute to aerodigestive tumor progression. This review explores the expression of ErbB receptors in EA, ESCC and SCCHN and the signaling pathways of EGFR in SCCHN.
Collapse
|