1
|
miR-21 Overexpression Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion and Migration by Repressing Tropomyosin 1. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:6478653. [PMID: 33193757 PMCID: PMC7641708 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6478653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are associated with clinical outcomes, however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we found that miR-21 is significantly overexpressed in ESCC, lung cancer, and bladder cancer compared with the adjacent normal tissue. MiR-21 and TPM1 expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR and WB in 30 ESCC, 10 lung cancer, and 10 bladder cancer clinical specimens, each with matched adjacent normal tissue. Knockdown and overexpression of miR-21 as well as knockdown of TPM1 in ESCC cell lines were performed using synthetic oligonucleotides. TPM1 3′UTR luciferase reporter constructs were used to investigate targeting of TPM1 by miR-21. ESCC migration and invasion were assessed using transwell migration and invasion assays. Inhibition of miR-21 reduced migration and invasion in two ESCC cell lines, and overexpression of miR-21 promoted migration and invasion in vitro. Interestingly, TPM1 exhibited inverse patterns of expression compared with miR-21 in tissues and cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that TPM1 was directly regulated by miR-21. Moreover, the forced overexpression of miR-21 repressed the TPM1 expression, while silencing of miR-21 restored the TPM1 expression in ESCC cell lines. What is more, simultaneous silencing of miR-21 and TPM1 expressions did not alter the migratory and invasive characteristics demonstrating that the effects of miR-21 were mediated through TPM1. In conclusion, the aberrant overexpression of miR-21 is common in cancer and promotes the migration and invasion of ESCC through inhibiting the TPM1 expression. These results suggest that miR-21 may be a novel predictive marker and therapeutic target for treatment of ESCC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Song L, Wang X, Feng Z. Overexpression of FOXM1 as a target for malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5910-5914. [PMID: 29552222 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common types of malignancies globally. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has important functions in cancer progression. However, the function of FOXM1 signaling in ESCC remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression level and function of FOXM1 in human ESCC. The present study first detected the FOXM1 expression level in 78 cases of primary ESCC tissues and matched normal tissue samples by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the present study investigated the impact of FOXM1 knockdown on the ability of cell proliferation and migration of ESCC cells by MTT, clonogenic and Transwell assays. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXM1 were upregulated in a series of ESCC tissue samples. Silencing of FOXM1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. In conclusion, FOXM1 was significantly increased in cancerous tissue samples of patients with ESCC. It may serve as a selective target for the treatment of ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma J, Wu K, Zhao Z, Miao R, Xu Z. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694537. [PMID: 28345457 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 is a nuclear matrix attachment region binding protein which participates in higher order chromatin organization and tissue-specific gene expression. However, the role of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains unknown. In this study, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 in a series of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples. The effects of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 silencing by two short-hairpin RNAs on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by the CCK-8 assay and transwell assays in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 was significantly upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples and cell lines. Silencing of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 inhibited the proliferation of KYSE450 and EC9706 cells which have a relatively high level of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1, and the ability of migration and invasion of KYSE450 and EC9706 cells was distinctly suppressed. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 could be a potential target for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and inhibition of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 may provide a new strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxian Zhao
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rong Miao
- Operation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khazaei S, Nouraee N, Moradi A, Mowla SJ. A novel signaling role for miR-451 in esophageal tumor microenvironment and its contribution to tumor progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:633-640. [PMID: 27896643 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated miR-451 expression in serum and tissue samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Then, we examined a secretory role of miR-451 in esophageal tumor microenvironment. METHODS miR-451 expression was evaluated in 39 serum samples from esophageal SCC patients compared to 39 normal individuals as well as 26 pairs of fresh-frozen tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with ESCC, using qRT-PCR. In a co-culture system of human normal fibroblasts (HFSF-PI3) and esophageal cancer cell line (KYSE-30), we evaluated exosomal miR-451 secretion into the conditioned medium (CM) of both cell lines. Then, we analyzed the effect of primiR-451-transfected fibroblasts on the migration potency of their neighboring KYSE-30 cells. RESULTS We detected miR-451 over-expression in serum samples of esophageal cancer patients compared to the normal group (P = 0.005). Interestingly, fresh-frozen tumor tissues from the same patients showed miR-451 down-regulation compared to their adjacent normal counterparts (P = 0.043). Co-culturing the KYSE-30 cell line with normal fibroblasts significantly induced miR-451 exosomal secretion into the CM. Moreover, co-culture of KYSE-30 cell line with miR-451-over-expressing fibroblasts significantly induced migration tendency in KYSE-30 cell line compared to the mock-transfected fibroblasts (P < 0.0001). In this system, MIF expression (a validated target of miR-451) in the KYSE-30 cell line was increased although this alteration was not statistically significant (fold change = 4.44). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cancer-associated fibroblasts use exosomal miR-451 as a signaling molecule to provide a favorable niche for tumor cell migration and cancer progression. Our findings provide new insights into the stromal role of miR-451 in the esophageal tumor microenvironment as a communicatory molecule and suggest a signaling role for miR-451 in extracellular matrix cross-talks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khazaei
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - N Nouraee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - S J Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nouraee N, Van Roosbroeck K, Vasei M, Semnani S, Samaei NM, Naghshvar F, Omidi AA, Calin GA, Mowla SJ. Expression, tissue distribution and function of miR-21 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73009. [PMID: 24039846 PMCID: PMC3769386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective MiR-21 is an oncomir expressed by malignant cells and/or tumor microenvironment components. In this study we focused on understanding the effects of stromal miR-21 on esophageal malignant cells. Design MiR-21 expression was evaluated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) by quantitative RT-PCR. MiR-21 tissue distribution was visualized with in situ hybridization. A co-culture system of normal fibroblasts and esophageal cancer cells was used to determine the effects of fibroblasts on miR-21 expression levels, and on SCC cell migration and invasion. Results MiR-21 was overexpressed in SCCs, when compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P = 0.0007), and was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of stromal cells adjacent to malignant cells. Accordingly, miR-21 expression was increased in tumors with high versus low stromal content (P = 0.04). When co-cultured with normal fibroblasts, miR-21 expression was elevated in SCC cells (KYSE-30), while its expression was restricted to fibroblasts when co-cultured with adenocarcinoma cells (OE-33 and FLO-1). MiR-21 was detected in conditioned media of cancer cell lines, illustrating the release of this miRNA into the environment. Co-culturing with normal fibroblasts or addition of fibroblast conditioned media caused a significant increase in cell migration and invasion potency of KYSE-30 cells (P<0.0001). In addition, co-culturing cancer cells with fibroblasts and expression of miR-21 induced the expression of the cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) marker S100A4. Conclusions MiR-21 expression is mostly confined to the SCC stroma and its release from fibroblasts influences the migration and invasion capacity of SCC cells. Moreover, miR-21 may be an important factor in “activating” fibroblasts to CAFs. These findings provide new insights into the role of CAFs and the extracellular matrix in tumor microenvironment formation and in tumor cell maintenance, and suggest miR-21 may contribute to cellular crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Nouraee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Pathology Laboratory, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nader Mansour Samaei
- Human Genetics Department, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farshad Naghshvar
- Department of Pathology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Omidi
- Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GC); (SJM)
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (GC); (SJM)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kleinberg L. Therapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction: optimizing outcome. Semin Radiat Oncol 2013. [PMID: 23207046 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction has been rapidly increasing in incidence in Western nations over the past several decades. Although in the past, a similar management strategy has been used for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, without distinguishing by location or pathology, there is now greater motivation to optimize therapeutic strategies for adenocarcinoma in general and by specific location within the esophagus, with the goal of improving outcome. Siewert recognized the need to classify tumors based on anatomic location and proposed a classification scheme for distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction neoplasms to guide therapy and allow more meaningful study. Although the available randomized data relevant to adenocarcinoma patients often include a mix of the 2 histologies and the various anatomical locations bundled together, these data suggest that a variety of surgical approaches are appropriate and that neoadjuvant therapy improves survival for patients with locally advanced disease. Although definitive evidence is lacking, neoadjuvant chemoradiation appears superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for improving resectability, maintaining locoregional control, and maximizing survival. There is a need to identify more effective approaches to identifying optimal systemic regimens for individual patients that may be combined with local therapy to further improve outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kleinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong S, Zhao W, Lu C, Li B, Yuan Y, Guo D, Chang Z, Jiao B, Yang L. Glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype contributes to increased risk of esophageal carcinoma in Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2403-7. [PMID: 23625656 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play important roles in the detoxification of electrophilic carcinogens, and GSTM1 null genotype is associated with the dysfunction of GSTs. Previous studies investigating the association between GSTM1 null genotype and risk of esophageal carcinoma in Chinese provided inconsistent findings. To provide a more precise estimation on the association between GSTM1 null genotype and risk of esophageal carcinoma in Chinese population, a meta-analysis was performed. Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) was used to assess the association. A total of 18 case-control studies involving 1,947 cases and 3,506 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of those 18 studies showed that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased risk of esophageal carcinoma in Chinese (random effect model OR = 1.49, 95 %CI = 1.11-2.00, P = 0.008). The findings from cumulative meta-analysis showed that the association was more obvious as the data increased by publication year. There was no risk of publication bias in the meta-analysis. Therefore, the findings from our meta-analysis provide a strong evidence for the association between GSTM1 null genotype and risk of esophageal carcinoma in Chinese population, and GSTM1 null genotype contributes to increased risk of esophageal carcinoma in Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- Institute of Biomedicine and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|