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Peng Y, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Jia X, Zhong Y. A disproportionality analysis of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39083396 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2387323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was used to mine and evaluate adverse events (AEs) associated with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, thereby providing a reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS AE data related to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the first quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023 were acquired from FAERS, while the signal mining was processed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) method. RESULTS The number of AE reports for CDK4/6 inhibitors was, respectively, 132,494 for palbociclib, 56,151 for ribociclib, and 7,014 for abemaciclib. The corresponding numbers of AE signals were 319, 517, and 59, with the number of involved System Organ Class (SOC) being 23, 23, and 15, mainly involving blood and lymphatic system disorders, respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders, hepatobiliary disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, etc. CONCLUSION CDK4/6 inhibitors could lead to pulmonary toxicity, myelosuppression, skin reactions, etc. Special attention should be paid to abemaciclib for interstitial lung disease (ILD), erythema multiforme, and thrombosis risk; ribociclib for cardiac toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and musculoskeletal toxicity; palbociclib for neurocognitive impairment and osteonecrosis of the jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanyi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C. T), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yu ZP, Wang X, Yu ZQ, Zhu H, Miao JX, Wang H, Si H, Dai PF. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Novel 68Ga-DOTA-RBB as Potential PET Radiotracer for Imaging CDK4/6 in Tumors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:938-944. [PMID: 38894920 PMCID: PMC11181481 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Many malignant tumors, including breast cancer, exhibit amplification and overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). Ribociclib, approved and used in clinical treatment, acts as a highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor for ER+/HER2- breast cancer. By modifying ribociclib with the chelator DOTA, we designed and synthesized a novel CDK4/6-positive PET imaging agent, which was radiolabeled by 68Ga for radioactive tagging. The radiotracer demonstrates high radiochemical purity, excellent stability in vitro and in vivo, and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Cell uptake experiments using MCF-7 cells indicate that an excess of ribociclib (RBB) can inhibit cellular uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-RBB. Imaging and biodistribution experiments in MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice show significant radioactive accumulation in the tumor. However, preadministration of excess ribociclib results in a substantial reduction in radioactive accumulation within the tumor. On the basis of our explorations, 68Ga-DOTA-RBB, as a targeted imaging agent for CDK4/6-positive tumors, holds significant potential application values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Peng Yu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department
of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Miao
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Peng-Fei Dai
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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3
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Guven DC, Sahin TK. The association between HER2-low status and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 204:443-452. [PMID: 38240935 PMCID: PMC10959779 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors significantly altered the treatment landscape of hormone-positive (HR+), HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, biomarkers predicting long-term benefit and early progression are yet to be defined. Several studies suggested the possibility of diminished efficacy in patients with HER2-low disease. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between low-level HER2 expression and efficacy outcomes (PFS, OS, ORR) with CDK 4/6 inhibitors. METHODS The Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used to systematically filter the published studies from inception to 08 August 2023 for this systemic review. Studies including MBC patients treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors and reported survival outcomes according to HER2 expression were included. We performed the meta-analyses with the generic inverse-variance method with a fixed-effects model and used HRs with 95% two-sided CIs as the principal summary measure. RESULTS Nine studies encompassing 2705 patients were included in the analyses. In the pooled analysis of nine studies, the risk of progression and/or death was higher in patients with HER2-low tumors compared to HER2-zero (HR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35, p < 0.001). In the pooled analysis of five studies, although the median follow-up was short, the risk of death was higher in the HER2-low group compared to the HER2-zero group (HR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.44, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The available evidence demonstrates a significantly higher risk of progression or death with CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HER2-low tumors. Further research is needed to improve outcomes in patients with HR+-HER2-low tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
- Health Sciences University, Elazig City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey.
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4
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Lv S, Yang J, Lin J, Huang X, Zhao H, Zhao C, Yang L. CDK4/6 inhibitors in lung cancer: current practice and future directions. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230145. [PMID: 38355149 PMCID: PMC10865100 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0145-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and ∼85% of lung cancers are classified as nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These malignancies can proliferate indefinitely, in part due to dysregulation of the cell cycle and the resulting abnormal cell growth. The specific activation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is closely linked to tumour proliferation. Approximately 80% of human tumours exhibit abnormalities in the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-RB pathway. Specifically, CDK4/6 inhibitors either as monotherapy or combination therapy have been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies for the treatment of NSCLC, and promising results have been achieved. This review article focuses on research regarding the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in NSCLC, including the characteristics and mechanisms of action of approved drugs and progress of pre-clinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jie Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Horpratraporn K, Adchariyasakulchai P, Sainamthip P, Ketchart W. Combining lapatinib and palbociclib inhibits cell proliferation and invasion via AKT signaling pathway in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Med Oncol 2024; 41:58. [PMID: 38231469 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy plays a critical role in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells exhibit more HER2 signaling proteins (pAKT and pERK) and mesenchymal biomarkers than wild-type cell lines. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the combination of lapatinib and palbociclib demonstrated synergistic inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and suppressed ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The combination of lapatinib and palbociclib at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations resulted in an increasing cytotoxic effect on cell proliferation. Furthermore, invasion activity was significantly decreased when combining two drugs at nontoxic concentrations more than either single drug alone did. The combination also remarkably suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors, such as Snail and pAKT, more than monotherapy. Combining drugs, particularly lapatinib and palbociclib for targeting endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells whose tumors overexpressed HER2 after resistance to hormonal therapy, demonstrated better antiproliferative, anti-invasive effects, and suppression of EMT protein and pAKT than a single drug. These results could be from the interruption of the EMT process via the AKT pathway. Thus, this study provides preliminary data for applying this combination to patients with endocrine-resistant breast cancer in further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantasorn Horpratraporn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dual Degree, Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Patthamapon Adchariyasakulchai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panot Sainamthip
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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6
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Tufail M, Hu JJ, Liang J, He CY, Wan WD, Huang YQ, Jiang CH, Wu H, Li N. Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in breast cancer: targeting the PI3K pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38172946 PMCID: PMC10765967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as a crucial contributor to the development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. This review article explores the implications of the PI3K pathway in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes the identification of predictive biomarkers, such as PIK3CA mutations, and the utility of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for preventive strategies and the customization of therapy based on tumor stage, molecular subtypes, and genetic alterations. Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors and exploring combination therapies are addressed as important considerations. While this field holds promise in improving patient outcomes, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Ju Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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7
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Song J, Tang Y, Song F. Lnc‑RGS5 sponges miR‑542‑5p to promote FoxM1/VEGFA signaling and breast cancer cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:111. [PMID: 37594134 PMCID: PMC10552728 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) exhibits a high incidence rate among women worldwide. LOC127814295 (ENSG00000232995), termed long non‑coding (lnc)‑regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5), is a novel lncRNA with a genomic region overlapping with protein‑coding gene RGS5. Results obtained using The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated that lnc‑RGS5 was deregulated in diverse cancer types, including BRCA; however, the functional role of lnc‑RGS5 remains unclear. Results of the present study demonstrated that lnc‑RGS5 was upregulated in BRCA tissues compared with healthy samples (n=30; P<0.0001), and was associated with the overall survival of patients with triple‑negative BRCA (n=106; P<0.05). Moreover, lnc‑RGS5 expression was significantly higher in triple‑negative BRCA samples than in LumA, LumB, or Her2 subtypes (P<0.05). Functionally, lnc‑RGS5 upregulation promoted BRCA cell proliferation in vitro, whereas lnc‑RGS5 knockdown elicited the opposite function. Stable knockdown of lnc‑RGS5 inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that lnc‑RGS5 was significantly associated with RNA binding involved in post‑transcriptional gene silencing (P=0.002). Mechanistically, lnc‑RGS5 functions as a competing endogenous RNA via competitively sponging miR‑542‑5p to upregulate forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and the VEGFA/Neuropilin 1 axis; thus, promoting BRCA cell proliferation in vitro. Moreover, rescue experiments validated that the lnc‑RGS5/miR‑542‑5p/FoxM1 axis promoted BRCA cell growth in vivo. Collectively, results of the present study demonstrated that lnc‑RGS5 may exhibit potential as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in BRCA. The present study may provide a novel theoretical basis for the role of lncRNA in the targeted therapy of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fangzhou Song
- Molecular and Tumor Research Center, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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8
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Jang A, Lanka SM, Ruan HT, Kumar HLS, Jia AY, Garcia JA, Mian OY, Barata PC. Novel therapies for metastatic prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:1251-1263. [PMID: 38030394 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2290197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with metastatic prostate cancer, especially in the castrate-resistant setting, have a poor prognosis. Many agents have been approved for metastatic prostate cancer, such as androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, taxane-based chemotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals, and immunotherapy. However, prostate cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in nonsmoking men. Fortunately, many more novel agents are under investigation. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of the broad group of novel therapies for metastatic prostate cancer, with an emphasis on active and recruiting clinical trials that have been recently published and/or presented at national or international meetings. EXPERT OPINION The future for patients with metastatic prostate cancer is promising, with further development of novel therapies such as radiopharmaceuticals. Based on a growing understanding of prostate cancer biology, novel agents are being designed to overcome resistance to approved therapies. There are many trials using novel agents either as monotherapy or in combination with already approved agents with potential to further improve outcomes for men with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sree M Lanka
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui Ting Ruan
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hamsa L S Kumar
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Angela Y Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jorge A Garcia
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Omar Y Mian
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Finnegan RM, Elshazly AM, Patel NH, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Tran TH, Kumarasamy V, Knudsen ES, Gewirtz DA. The BET inhibitor/degrader ARV-825 prolongs the growth arrest response to Fulvestrant + Palbociclib and suppresses proliferative recovery in ER-positive breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:966441. [PMID: 36741704 PMCID: PMC9890056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.966441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-estrogens or aromatase inhibitors in combination with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are the current standard of care for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) Her-2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Although these combination therapies prolong progression-free survival compared to endocrine therapy alone, the growth-arrested state of residual tumor cells is clearly transient. Tumor cells that escape what might be considered a dormant or quiescent state and regain proliferative capacity often acquire resistance to further therapies. Our studies are based upon the observation that breast tumor cells arrested by Fulvestrant + Palbociclib enter into states of both autophagy and senescence from which a subpopulation ultimately escapes, potentially contributing to recurrent disease. Autophagy inhibition utilizing pharmacologic or genetic approaches only moderately enhanced the response to Fulvestrant + Palbociclib in ER+ MCF-7 breast tumor cells, slightly delaying proliferative recovery. In contrast, the BET inhibitor/degrader, ARV-825, prolonged the growth arrested state in both p53 wild type MCF-7 cells and p53 mutant T-47D cells and significantly delayed proliferative recovery. In addition, ARV-825 added after the Fulvestrant + Palbociclib combination promoted apoptosis and demonstrated efficacy in resistant RB deficient cell lines. These studies indicate that administration of BET inhibitors/degraders, which are currently being investigated in multiple clinical trials, may potentially improve standard of care therapy in metastatic ER+ breast cancer patients and may further prolong progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Finnegan
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nipa H. Patel
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tammy H. Tran
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Vishnu Kumarasamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Erik S. Knudsen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States,*Correspondence: David A. Gewirtz,
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10
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Guney Eskiler G, Ozman Z, Haciefendi A, Cansaran-Duman D. Novel combination treatment of CDK 4/6 inhibitors with PARP inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1031-1041. [PMID: 36598514 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors provide promising results for treating hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors remains uncertain in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with particularly carrying RB-deficient tumors. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors offer a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of BRCA-mutated TNBC patients. However, the acquired drug resistance, changes in the cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage repair have demonstrated the necessity for developing new combination strategies. This preclinical study assessed a combinatory treatment of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib with PARP inhibitors talazoparib (TAL) in HCC1937 BRCA-mutated RB-deficient TNBC cells and TAL-resistant HCC1937-R cells through WST-1 analysis, annexin V, cell cycle, acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, RT-PCR, and apoptosis array. Our findings revealed that abemaciclib and TAL combination synergistically suppressed the growth of TNBC cells and overcame TAL resistance through G0/G1 arrest and the activity of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of abemaciclib and TAL could expand the use of these inhibitors in BRCA mutated and RB deficient TNBC patients and potentially overcomes PARP inhibitors resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Korucuk Campus, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Ozman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayten Haciefendi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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11
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Predictors of fulvestrant long-term benefit in hormone receptor-positive/HER2 negative advanced breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12789. [PMID: 35896637 PMCID: PMC9329443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively investigated in women treated with fulvestrant for HR+/HER2 negative advanced breast cancer clinical, pathological and molecular features associated with long-term benefit from treatment defined as being progression-free at 18 months. Specifically, we analyzed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples ESR1 and PI3KCA mutations and miRNAs profiles. 59 patients were evaluable (median age of 67 years, range 32-92). 18-month PFS rate was 27%; the lack of visceral metastases significantly predicted the likelihood of being progression-free at 18 months, while PI3KCA mutations, found in 36% of patients, were not associated with 18-month PFS. As of miRNAs, miR-549a, miR-644a, miR-16-5p were negatively while let-7c-5p was positively associated with 18-month PFS. In addition, miR-520d-3p and miR-548g-3p values were significantly lower while miR-603, miR-181a-5p and miR-199a-miR-199b-3p values were significantly higher in patients achieving 18-month PFS. In silico analysis of targets modulated by these two latter groups of miRNAs show that in patients achieving 18-month PFS the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways were predicted to be upregulated while endocrine resistance was potentially repressed by miR-603, miR-181a-5p and miR-199a-miR-199b-3p. Our results provide additional clues on the molecular mechanisms involved in fulvestrant activity and resistance. Underlying pathways should be further elucidated and confirmed in larger cohorts.
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12
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Guan L, Tang Y, Li G, Qin Z, Li S. Comprehensive Analysis of Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Family Members in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:921710. [PMID: 35814446 PMCID: PMC9258493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are cell cycle regulators, and abnormal activation can accelerate tumor cell proliferation. However, The relation between CDKs dysregulation to colorectal cancer incidence and progression have not been examined in detail. Methods:Differences in CDKs expression between colorectal cancer and normal tissues, associations between expression and clinical prognosis, incidence and frequencies of CDKs gene mutations, and the influences of CDKs on tumor infiltration by immune cells were examined by analyses of Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER databases. Results Colorectal cancer tissues showed enhanced expression levels of CDKs 1/2/4/5/6/8/12/13/19 but reduced CDK3 expression. CDK7 was highly expressed in some colorectal cancer tissues but downregulated in others. Expression levels of CDK1/3/4/7/8/10/11b/13/18/19/20 were correlated with clinical stage, and CDK 5/10/12/16 expression levels predicted prognosis and survival. Differential CDKs expression correlated with cell cycle progression, amino acid polypeptide modifications, and activation of other protein kinases. Expression levels of all CDKs except CDK16 were correlated with infiltration of CD4+T, CD8+T, B and Tregs cells. Conclusions CDK 1 and 4 could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. CDK 5/10/12/16 can be utilized as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Immunity and Targeted Therapy for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Department of General Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoshan Li,
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Reddy S, Barkhane Z, Elmadi J, Satish Kumar L, Pugalenthi LS, Ahmad M. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors: A Quantum Leap in the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancers. Cureus 2022; 14:e23901. [PMID: 35530846 PMCID: PMC9076043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is defined as an uncontrolled growth of breast cells that affected 2.3 million women in 2020 alone. Until a few years earlier, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the most commonly used treatments in treating BC; however, many trials and studies were conducted to test the competence of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) in arresting the cell cycle, and it was found that they were highly influential in halting the disease from progressing. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are the three drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are even more efficient when used in combination with aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant. This article aimed to explain the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors on tumor cells and their efficacy in combination with other drugs. We further explored the development of resistance to these treatments and future possibilities.
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14
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Parati MC, Pedersini R, Perego G, Reduzzi R, Savio T, Cabiddu M, Borgonovo K, Ghilardi M, Luciani A, Petrelli F. Ribociclib in the Treatment of Hormone-Receptor Positive/HER2-Negative Advanced and Early Breast Cancer: Overview of Clinical Data and Patients Selection. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2022; 14:101-111. [PMID: 35440873 PMCID: PMC9013420 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s341857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among pre- and postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC), combinations of an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or fulvestrant with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib, ribociclib, or abemaciclib) have demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to standard single-agent hormone therapy alone as first-line therapy for de novo metastatic disease or relapse during or after adjuvant therapy and no previous therapies in an advanced setting. We here reviewed clinical data about ribociclib in advanced and early BC. Also, we shed light on patient selection and special settings in which medical oncologists urgently await an advance in treatment. Ribociclib was FDA-approved in combination with letrozole based on a Phase III study in which 668 postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2-negative recurrent or metastatic BC were treated with first-line letrozole with or without ribociclib. For patients with metastatic disease at presentation or after a course of AIs, the results of the MONALEESA-3 trial suggest ribociclib’s efficacy in combination with fulvestrant, and this combination is FDA-approved for initial- and subsequent-line endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative BC. In adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, the use of CDK 4/6 inhibitors may be useful to boost outcomes in high-risk patients with HR+ BC, but data contrast with those of a phase III study, which produced positive results. New combinations are being explored in upfront disease (neoadjuvant) or in association with other targeted agents in metastatic disease. Compared to other CDK 4/6 available, ribociclib has a higher incidence of liver function test abnormalities than the other agents and can cause QTc prolongation, and therefore may be prudently avoided in patients with cardiac morbidities or other risk factors for QTc prolongation (drugs, interactions). In these cases, different agents (palbociclib or abemaciclib) may be used. In conclusion, ribociclib with letrozole or with fulvestrant is effective for the entire spectrum of patients with HR+ BC in the advanced setting. Ribociclib has all the characteristics of an innovative drug able to change the clinical practice and most BC patients’ prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Parati
- Oncology Unit, Medical Science Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tommaso Savio
- Breast Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - Mary Cabiddu
- Oncology Unit, Medical Science Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - Karen Borgonovo
- Oncology Unit, Medical Science Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - Mara Ghilardi
- Oncology Unit, Medical Science Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - Andrea Luciani
- Oncology Unit, Medical Science Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - Fausto Petrelli
- Oncology Unit, Medical Science Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
- Correspondence: Fausto Petrelli, Oncology Unit, Medical Sciences Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Piazzale Ospedale 1, Treviglio, 24047, BG, Italy, Tel +390363424420, Fax +390363424380, Email
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15
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Hua X, Bi XW, Zhao JL, Shi YX, Lin Y, Wu ZY, Zhang YQ, Zhang LH, Zhang AQ, Huang H, Liu XM, Xu F, Guo Y, Xia W, Hong RX, Jiang KK, Xue C, An X, Zhong YY, Wang SS, Huang JJ, Yuan ZY. Trastuzumab Plus Endocrine Therapy or Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive and HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (SYSUCC-002). Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:637-645. [PMID: 34810217 PMCID: PMC9377763 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no research evidence demonstrate which is the better partner strategy, endocrine therapy or chemotherapy, to combine with anti-HER2 therapy as the first-line management of hormone receptor (HR)-positive (HR+) and HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We wished to ascertain if trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy is noninferior to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an open-label, noninferiority, phase III, randomized, controlled trial (NCT01950182) at nine hospitals in China. Participants, stratified by previous adjuvant endocrine therapy and disease status (recurrent disease vs. de novo metastasis), were assigned randomly (1:1) to receive trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy (per investigator's choice of oestrogen-receptor modulators or aromatase inhibitor, with/without concurrent ovarian suppression) or chemotherapy (per investigator's choice of taxanes, capecitabine, or vinorelbine). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with a noninferiority upper margin of 1.35 for the HR. The intention-to-treat population was used in primary and safety analyses. RESULTS A total of 392 patients were enrolled and assigned randomly to receive trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy (ET group, n = 196) or trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (CT group, n = 196). After a median follow-up of 30.2 months [interquartile range (IQR) 15.0-44.7], the median PFS was 19.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.7-21.7)] in the ET group and 14.8 months (12.8-16.8) in the CT group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71-1.09; Pnoninferiority < 0.0001). A significantly higher prevalence of toxicity was observed in the CT group compared with the ET group. CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab plus endocrine therapy was noninferior to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in patients with HR+HER2+ MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wen Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Affiliated Shantou Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuan-Qi Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Le-Hong Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Qing Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Lianjiang Pepole's Hospital, Lianjiang, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Good Clinical Practice, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui-Kui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yi Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Lanotte L, Lombardi L, Di Federico A, Brandi G, Gadaleta-Caldarola G. Immune-based combinations for metastatic triple negative breast cancer in clinical trials: current knowledge and therapeutic prospects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:557-565. [PMID: 34802383 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy appears to be effective in a small cohort of patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). This supports the exploration of strategies for increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy. To enhance overall response and clinical outcomes, several immune-based combinations are being investigated. AREAS COVERED The authors present a synopsis of current, state-of-art immune-based combinations in this setting and reflect on future possibilities. They shed light on recently presented and published clinical trials and ongoing studies. A literature search was conducted in October 2021; in addition, abstracts of international cancer meetings were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Clinical trials suggest that ICI monotherapy could be beneficial in a minority of mTNBC patients; conversely, several immune-based combinations have reported notable results in recently presented or published studies. Some of these combination strategies have been approved for mTNBC - as in the case of chemoimmunotherapy in PD-L1 positive patients. Numerous trials are investigating novel ICI-based combinations and their results are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.,Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.,Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, "Mons. R. Dimiccoli" Hospital, Barletta (BT), ASL BT, Barletta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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17
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Dittmer J. Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736597. [PMID: 34604071 PMCID: PMC8480308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients' outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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18
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Sun W, Zhang Q, Wang R, Li Y, Sun Y, Yang L. Targeting DNA Damage Repair for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648687. [PMID: 34026622 PMCID: PMC8137908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways play an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity. DDR dysfunction leads to accumulated DNA damage, predisposition to cancer, and high sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated that DDR status is associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Among the DDR pathways, mismatch repair is one of the most recognized predictive biomarkers for ICIs. Furthermore, preclinical and early clinical studies suggest the rationale of combining agents targeting the DDR pathways, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, and ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase inhibitors, with ICIs. In the present review, we describe the predictive role of DDR pathways in ICIs and summarize the advances in potential combination strategies of novel agents targeting DDR with ICIs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runkun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's hospital of Guangshui, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Lin YR, Yang WJ, Yang GW. Prognostic and immunological potential of PPM1G in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12929-12954. [PMID: 33952716 PMCID: PMC8148464 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains one of the most common causes of cancer death. Prior research suggested that the PPM1G gene is involved in LIHC. To explore the role of PPM1G in LIHC, we used several online databases. Expression profiling was performed via the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database (HCCDB), Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) platforms. Mutation profiles were investigated via cBio Cancer Genomics Portal (cBioPortal). Survival analysis was performed via the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) platforms. The biological function of PPM1G was analyzed via the Enrichr database. The influence of PPM1G expression in the tumor immune microenvironment was assessed via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). PPM1G expression was upregulated in various tumors, including LIHC. Overexpression of PPM1G was associated with poor prognosis in LIHC. PPM1G expression might be regulated by promoter methylation, copy number variations (CNVs) and kinases and correlate with immune infiltration. The gene ontology (GO) terms associated with high PPM1G expression were mRNA splicing and the cell cycle. The results suggest that PPM1G is correlated with the prognosis of LIHC patients and associated with the tumor immune microenvironment in LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ren Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
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20
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Li Y, Li L, Du Q, Li Y, Yang H, Li Q. Efficacy and Safety of CDK4/6 Inhibitors Combined with Endocrine Therapy in HR+/HER-2- ABC Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:369-378. [PMID: 33886387 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1910705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy (ET) for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER-2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients. METHODS We searched clinical trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET and calculated the clinical outcomes. RESULTS HR+/HER-2- ABC patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET had significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and improved objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR). CONCLUSIONS CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET can bring more clinical benefits to ABC patients, and the safety profile is acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Pinggu District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Du
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Haifang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Pinggu District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Dong C, Wu J, Chen Y, Nie J, Chen C. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Causes Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628690. [PMID: 33790792 PMCID: PMC8005514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy decrease rate of disease recurrence in most breast cancer patients, many patients exhibit acquired resistance. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is associated with drug resistance and cancer progression. Currently, a number of drugs targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR are being investigated in clinical trials by combining them with standard therapies to overcome acquired resistance in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the critical role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in drug resistance, the development of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, and strategies to overcome acquired resistance to standard therapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Department of the Third Breast Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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22
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Gillespie TW. Advances in Oral Oncolytic Agents for Breast Cancer and Recommendations for Promoting Adherence. J Adv Pract Oncol 2021; 11:83-96. [PMID: 33542852 PMCID: PMC7517768 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor positivity and early stage diagnosis are generally considered signs of good prognosis in breast cancer. However, breast cancer all too frequently can become resistant to hormone-based therapies, and women can experience recurrence of their breast cancer decades after the diagnosis of early stage disease. To address the therapeutic needs for advanced and metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer, a number of new drugs have been tested and approved for this indication, including the class of drugs that works as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors. These drugs, often combined with other hormone-based therapy, have demonstrated considerable success in clinical trials and are now being used widely in oncology practices. Because all of the currently approved CDK4/6 inhibitor agents (palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib) are given orally, issues of patient comprehension of and adherence to prescribed regimens should be at the forefront of practitioners' concerns about these drugs. In addition, ways to support and facilitate decision-making by patients related to this class of agents and other therapies recently approved for the same indication require focused attention by health-care providers. Oncology has continued to move toward a more patient-specific, precision medicine approach. Likewise, advanced practitioners have the opportunity to identify patient characteristics, preferences, and needs that are unique to individual patients to enhance precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wicklin Gillespie
- Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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El Hachem G, Gombos A, Awada A. Abemaciclib, a third CDK 4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 21:81-92. [PMID: 33054442 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1834385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The field of metastatic luminal breast cancer (hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative) is dynamic and evolving, harboring some of the most significant therapeutic advances in medical oncology. Over the last decade, many pivotal trials showed excellent results with drastic improvements in survival as well as the quality of life of metastatic luminal breast cancer patients. AREAS COVERED The successful inhibition of the cyclinD/cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6)-retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway with potent CDK4/6 inhibitors improved the outcome of advanced luminal breast cancers. Abemaciclib is the third CDK 4/6 inhibitor arriving to the market after palbociclib and ribociclib. Here, we describe the biology of the CDK4/6 pathway and summarize clinical data of previously published pivotal trials emphasizing the efficacy and toxicity of abemaciclib. The aim was to define its place in the current guidelines and to make a brief comparison with other available drugs of same class in the absence of cross trials comparison. EXPERT OPINION As there are no available biomarkers to predict response or resistance to abemaciclib, the promising overall survival data of MONARCH-2 could possibly impact the clinician's choice to optimize treatment for endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges El Hachem
- Hematologist and Medical Oncologist, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, University of Balamand , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andrea Gombos
- Medical Oncologist, Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre De Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Medical Oncologist, Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre De Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
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Vanidassane I, Dhamija E, Naik SS, Batra A. An unusual durable response with palbociclib plus letrozole in hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer after multiple lines of therapy. Indian J Cancer 2020; 57:348-350. [PMID: 32769294 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_66_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekta Dhamija
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Atul Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Shen J, Li J, Li X. Abemaciclib induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activating the Hippo signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:875-882. [PMID: 32556311 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abemaciclib is the newest cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor that has received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for using in patients with advanced breast cancer. However, its potential adverse effects on cardiomyocytes remain unknown. In this study, we used the cell counting kit-8 assay, western blot analysis, flow cytometry, immunostaining, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the role of abemaciclib in inducing apoptosis and in inhibiting the viability and proliferation of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells. The results revealed that abemaciclib induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by activating the Hippo signaling pathway. This work demonstrates the molecular basis by which abemaciclib induces cardiac side effects, providing a theoretical basis and effective targets for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Deparment of Cardiovascular, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Junwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, and
| | - Jue Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, and
| | - Xinming Li
- Deparment of Cardiovascular, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission, Shanghai 200125, China
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Junaid A, Lim FPL, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 6, N 2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines as anticancer agents selectively targeting triple negative breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25517-25528. [PMID: 35518627 PMCID: PMC9055250 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04970k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New 6,N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines were designed using the 3D-QSAR model developed earlier. These compounds were prepared and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated against three breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB231, SKBR-3 and MCF-7) and non-cancerous MCF-10A epithelial breast cells. The synthesized compounds demonstrated selective antiproliferative activity against triple negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. The most active compound in the series inhibited MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell growth with a GI50 value of 1 nM. None of the tested compounds significantly affected the growth of the normal breast cells. The time-dependent cytotoxic effect, observed when cytotoxicity was assessed at different time intervals after the treatment, and morphological features, observed in the fluorescence microscopy and live cell imaging experiments, suggested apoptosis as the main pathway for the antiproliferative activity of these compounds against MDA-MB231 cells. New highly potent and selective 6,N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines were designed and prepared using the 3D-QSAR model developed earlier.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Junaid
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Felicia Phei Lin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University 5 Jalan Universiti Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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27
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Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy as an efficient treatment option in metastatic breast cancer-results of an exploratory case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 182:389-399. [PMID: 32495001 PMCID: PMC7297707 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is growing interest in low-dose metronomic chemotherapy (LDMC) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this retrospective case–control analysis, we compared the efficacy of LDMC and conventional chemotherapy (CCT) in MBC. Methods Each LDMC patient receiving oral cyclophosphamide (CTX) (50 mg daily) and methotrexate (MTX) (2.5 mg every other day) was matched with two controls who received CCT. Age, number of chemotherapy lines and metastatic sites as well as hormone receptor (HR) status were considered as matching criteria. Primary endpoint was disease control rate longer than 24 weeks (DCR). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DoR) and subgroup analyses using the matching criteria. Results 40 cases and 80 controls entered the study. 30.0% patients with LDMC and 22.5% patients with CCT showed DCR (p = 0.380). The median PFS was 12.0 weeks in both groups (p = 0.218) and the median DoR was 31.0 vs. 20.5 weeks (p = 0.383), respectively. Among younger patients, DCR was 40.0% in LDMC vs. 25.0% in the CCT group (p = 0.249). DCR was achieved in 33.3% vs. 26.2% non-heavily pretreated patients (p = 0.568) and in 36.0% vs. 18.0% patients without multiple metastases (p = 0.096), respectively. In the HR-positive group, 30.0% LDMC vs. 28.3% CCT patients showed DCR (p = 1.000). Among triple-negative patients, DCR was achieved in 30.0% LDMC and 5.0% CCT patients (p = 0.095). Conclusions We demonstrated a similar efficacy of LDMC compared to CCT in the treatment of MBC. Thus, LDMC may be a valuable treatment option in selected MBC patients.
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Omarini C, Molinaro E, Barbolini M, Dominici M, Piacentini F. Henoch-schönlein Purpura (HSP) in a patient on Abemaciclib. Breast 2020; 52:132-133. [PMID: 32512359 PMCID: PMC7375539 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Barbolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
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Jin X, Ge LP, Li DQ, Shao ZM, Di GH, Xu XE, Jiang YZ. LncRNA TROJAN promotes proliferation and resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor via CDK2 transcriptional activation in ER+ breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:87. [PMID: 32393270 PMCID: PMC7212688 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers represent approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers and have a sustained risk of late disease recurrence. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have shown significant efficacy in ER+ breast cancer. However, their effects are still limited by drug resistance. In this study, we aim to explore the role of long noncoding RNA TROJAN in ER+ breast cancer. Methods The expression level of TROJAN in breast cancer tissue and cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In vitro and in vivo assays as well as patient derived organoid were preformed to explore the phenotype of TROJAN in ER+ breast cancer. The TROJAN-NKRF-CDK2 axis were screened and validated by RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, microarray, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results Herein, we showed that TROJAN was highly expressed in ER+ breast cancer. TROJAN promoted cell proliferation and resistance to a CDK4/6 inhibitor and was associated with poor survival in ER+ breast cancer. TROJAN can bind to NKRF and inhibit its interaction with RELA, upregulating the expression of CDK2. The inhibition of TROJAN abolished the activity of CDK2, reversing the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor. A TROJAN antisense oligonucleotide sensitized breast cancer cells and organoid to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions TROJAN promotes ER+ breast cancer proliferation and is a potential target for reversing CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gen-Hong Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-En Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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31
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Andonegui-Elguera MA, Alfaro-Mora Y, Cáceres-Gutiérrez R, Caro-Sánchez CHS, Herrera LA, Díaz-Chávez J. An Overview of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:220. [PMID: 32175277 PMCID: PMC7056883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of vascular channels lacking endothelial cells. These channels are lined by tumor cells with cancer stem cell features, positive for periodic acid-Schiff, and negative for CD31 staining. The term VM was introduced by Maniotis et al. (1), who reported this phenomenon in highly aggressive uveal melanomas; since then, VM has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and drug resistance in several tumors, including breast cancer. It is proposed that VM and angiogenesis (the de novo formation of blood vessels from the established vasculature by endothelial cells, which is observed in several tumors) rely on some common mechanisms. Furthermore, it is also suggested that VM could constitute a means to circumvent anti-angiogenic treatment in cancer. Therefore, it is important to determinant the factors that dictate the onset of VM. In this review, we describe the current understanding of VM formation in breast cancer, including specific signaling pathways, and cancer stem cells. In addition, we discuss the clinical significance of VM in prognosis and new opportunities of VM as a target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Andonegui-Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liu N, Liu H, Zhang W, Yao H. Metabolic profiles of ribociclib in rat and human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4783. [PMID: 31899811 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of PharmacyJining No. 1 People's Hospital Jining Shandong Province China
- Jining Medical University Jining Shandong Province China
| | - Hongqiang Liu
- Department of PharmacyJining No. 1 People's Hospital Jining Shandong Province China
- Jining Medical University Jining Shandong Province China
| | - Wucheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical MedicineLinyi People's Hospital Dezhou Shandong Province China
| | - Huijie Yao
- Department of PharmacyJining Beihu Provincial Tourism Resort People's Hospital Jining Shandong Province China
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Qian Y, Wu X, Wang H, Hou G, Han X, Song W. PAK1 silencing is synthetic lethal with CDK4/6 inhibition in gastric cancer cells via regulating PDK1 expression. Hum Cell 2020; 33:377-385. [PMID: 31919718 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The prognosis of GC is unsatisfied owning to widespread metastasis. P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a member of serine/threonine kinases, is associated with the progression of multiple types of human cancers. Here, we demonstrated that CDK4/6 inhibitor reduced GC cell viability and decreased PAK1 expression. Consistently, PAK1 ablation increased GC cell sensitivity exposed to CDK4/6 inhibitor and promoted DNA damage. We also revealed PAK1 depletion notably affected PDK1-AKT pathway, and PDK1 overexpression totally abrogated the effect of PAK1 deletion on DNA damage in GC cells. Additionally, PDK1 overexpression also rescued the increased GC cell sensitivity towards CDK4/6 inhibitor and the cell cycle arrest caused by PAK1 depletion. Our findings, therefore, suggested that PAK1 silencing increased sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition in gastric cancer cells via PDK1-AKT pathway. We, therefore, thought PAK1 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Department of Gastric, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Gastric, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiao Wang
- Department of Gastric, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Hou
- Department of Gastric, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Gastric, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Gastroenterlogy, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaiyin, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
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