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Zhang X, Hu X, Tian T, Pang W. The role of ICOS in allergic disease: Positive or Negative? Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108394. [PMID: 34922247 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the incidence of allergic diseases, the mechanisms underlying the development of these diseases have received a great deal of attention, and this is particularly true in regard to the role of ICOS in allergic diseases. Current studies have revealed that ICOS affects the functional activity of multiple immune cells that modulate the adaptive immune system. Additionally, ICOS also plays a crucial role in mediating cellular immunity and coordinating the response of the entire immune system, and thus, it plays a role in allergic reactions. However, the ICOS/ICOS-ligand (ICOS-L) axis functions in a dual role during the development of multiple allergic diseases. In this review, we explore the role of ICOS/ICOSL in the context of different immune cells that function in allergic diseases, and we summarize recent advances in their contribution to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Pang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases continues to rise. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have indicated that allergic diseases occur in a time-based order: from atopic dermatitis and food allergy in infancy to gradual development into allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood. This phenomenon is defined as the "atopic march". Some scholars have suggested that the atopic march does not progress completely in a temporal pattern with genetic and environmental factors. Also, the mechanisms underlying the atopic march are incompletely understood. Nevertheless, the concept of the atopic march provides a new perspective for the mechanistic research, prediction, prevention, and treatment of atopic diseases. Here, we review the epidemiology, related diseases, mechanistic studies, and treatment strategies for the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lazare FB, Brand DA, Fazzari MJ, Noor A, Daum F. Maternal Dairy Consumption and Hematochezia in Exclusively Breastfed Infants. J Hum Lact 2020; 36:168-172. [PMID: 31013175 DOI: 10.1177/0890334419838476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When an exclusively breastfed infant develops hematochezia, the pediatrician may recommend elimination of dairy and soy products from a mother's diet, but there is limited scientific evidence to indicate that altering the maternal diet will lead to resolution of the problem. RESEARCH AIM To estimate the likelihood that maternal dairy and soy avoidance will resolve rectal bleeding in an exclusively breastfed infant. METHODS This was a prospective, longitudinal, one-group pre/post study involving mothers of exclusively breastfed infants at least 2 weeks but less than 6 months of age with a positive stool guaiac test in the absence of an intestinal lesion or other explanation for the blood. Participants agreed to follow a dairy and soy elimination/rechallenge protocol, maintain a food diary, and have their infant re-tested at 3-week intervals to determine the outcome of the dietary changes. One participant was lost to follow-up, leaving a final sample size of N = 19. RESULTS All infants continued to test positive for blood in the stool after their mothers eliminated foods containing dairy or soy. Therefore, 0% (0/19) of infants responded to their mother's restricted diet, 95% confidence interval (one-sided [0%, 15%]). CONCLUSION Given these results, we must call into question the rationale for advising breastfeeding mothers to eliminate dairy and soy from their diet in response to their infant's unexplained rectal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah B Lazare
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Donald A Brand
- Office of Health Outcomes Research, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Fazzari
- Department of Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Asif Noor
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Fredric Daum
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
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Nelwan SC, Nugraha RA, Endaryanto A, Meizarini A, Tedjosasongko U, Pradopo S, Utomo H. Converging findings from linkage between periodontal pathogen with atopic and allergic immune response. Cytokine 2018; 113:89-98. [PMID: 29937409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore a relationship between exposures of whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis in various doses with atopic inflammatory responses at experimental mice. A pretest-posttest controlled group design, with 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) randomized into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was given low-dose (9 × 107 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 3 was given medium-dose (9 × 109 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 4 was given high-dose (9 × 1011 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, Interleukin-17F, Interleukin-21, Immunoglobulin-E, Immunoglobulin-G4, and γ-Interferon were measured by direct-sandwich ELISA just before the treatments began, day-4, and day-11 after treatments. There is a sudden increase of Interleukin-4 in the group 4 (23.79 ± 0.91 pg/ml to 54.17 ± 0.79 pg/ml; p = 0.01) and slight increase of Interleukin-5 in the group 4 (207.60 ± 11.15 pg/ml to 243.40 ± 9.33 pg/ml; p = 0.03). No change was observed for Interleukin-17F in all groups. Serum concentration of Immunoglobulin-E was decreased in group 2 (-10.44 ± 8.13 pg/ml), but increased in group 4 (+1.03 ± 4.57 pg/ml). Taken together, some cytokines are up-regulated and others are down-regulated after exposure to whole-cell P. gingivalis. Moreover, study of host responses during periodontal infection may offer critical key insight that contribute to the development of atopy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We introduced and explained the potential role of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in systemic immune responses, along with its virulence factor inside the oral cavity. Our results consider several changes and differences of cytokines and immunoglobulins following whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure. However, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution due to its limitations. CAPSULE SUMMARY: Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 had been found increase after exposure to the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, whereas no or minimal change had been found in the level of IL-17F, Ig-G4, and IFN-γ. The various cytokines and immunoglobulins shown in this study do not prove a causal relationship, and the precise role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the regulation of atopic immune response warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, these findings may provide some critical key insight into the host responses following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Cornelia Nelwan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | | | - Anang Endaryanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Asti Meizarini
- Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Udijanto Tedjosasongko
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Seno Pradopo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Haryono Utomo
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Scott‐Taylor TH, Axinia S, Amin S, Pettengell R. Immunoglobulin G; structure and functional implications of different subclass modifications in initiation and resolution of allergy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2018; 6:13-33. [PMID: 29164823 PMCID: PMC5818455 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE and not IgG is usually associated with allergy. IgE lodged on mast cells in skin or gut and basophils in the blood allows for the prolonged duration of allergy through the persistent expression of high affinity IgE receptors. However, many allergic reactions are not dependent on IgE and are generated in the absence of allergen specific and even total IgE. Instead, IgG plasma cells are involved in induction of, and for much of the pathogenesis of, allergic diseases. The pattern of IgG producing plasma cells in atopic children and the tendency for direct or further class switching to IgE are the principle factors responsible for long-lasting sensitization of mast cells in allergic children. Indirect class switching from IgG producing plasma cells has been shown to be the predominant pathway for production of IgE while a Th2 microenvironment, genetic predisposition, and the concentration and nature of allergens together act on IgG plasma cells in the atopic tendency to undergo further immunoglobulin gene recombination. The seminal involvement of IgG in allergy is further indicated by the principal role of IgG4 in the natural resolution of allergy and as the favourable immunological response to immunotherapy. This paper will look at allergy through the role of different antibodies than IgE and give current knowledge of the nature and role of IgG antibodies in the start, maintenance and resolution of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan‐Claudiu Axinia
- School of Life SciencesLondon Metropolitan University166‐220 Holloway RoadLondon, N7 8DB
| | - Sumeya Amin
- School of Life SciencesLondon Metropolitan University166‐220 Holloway RoadLondon, N7 8DB
| | - Ruth Pettengell
- Department of HaematologySt George's University of LondonCranmer TerraceLondon SW17 0RE
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ma T. Associations of Genetic Polymorphisms Relevant to Metabolic Pathway of Vitamin D3 with Development and Prognosis of Childhood Bronchial Asthma. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:682-692. [PMID: 28590769 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the correlation between genetic polymorphisms relevant to metabolic pathway of vitamin D3 (VD3) and susceptibility to childhood bronchial asthma. Altogether 143 childhood patients with bronchial asthma and 143 healthy children of Chinese Han ethnicity were enrolled in this study. The key single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by HaploView 4.2 software and selected from previous investigations. Genomic DNAs were isolated from peripheral blood samples by using TaqMan Blood DNA kits. The genotyping of SNPs was performed by TaqMan SNPs genotyping assay. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between SNPs and susceptibility to bronchial asthma. Statistical analyses were conducted by using SPSS 13.0 software. Rs10766197 of CYP2R1, rs7041 and rs4588 of CG, rs4646536 of CYP27B1, rs2228570, rs7975232, and rs1544410 of VDR, as well as rs1805192 and rs10865710 of PPAR were shown to be significantly associated with increased risk of bronchial asthma. Besides, prognosis of childhood bronchial asthma, which was represented as Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scoring, was closely linked with CYP2R1 rs10766197, CYP27B1 rs4646536, VDR rs7975232, VDR rs1544410, PPAR rs1805192, and PPAR rs10865710. The haplotype analysis suggested that TA and CG of CG rs7041/rs4588, CA and AG of VDR rs7975232/rs1544410, and CC of PPAR rs1805192/rs10865710 were, respectively, correlated with levels of VD, IL-4, and IL-5. And only haplotypes of VDR showed associations with risk of bronchial asthma during childhood, whereas hardly any significance could be observed between the haplotypes and behavior of quality-of-life (SGRQ) scoring. Significant associations were found between rs10766197 of CYP2R1, rs7041 and rs4588 of CG, rs4646536 of CYP27B1, rs2228570, rs7975232, and rs1544410 of VDR, as well as rs1805192 and rs10865710 of PPAR and susceptibility to and prognosis of childhood bronchial asthma, providing novel targets for treating the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- 1 Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu , Shangqiu City, China
| | - Zhansheng Wang
- 1 Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu , Shangqiu City, China
| | - Tongshuai Ma
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu , Shangqiu City, China
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7
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Lee E, Lee SH, Kwon JW, Kim Y, Cho HJ, Yang SI, Jung YH, Kim HY, Seo JH, Kim BJ, Kim HB, Lee SY, Kwon HJ, Hong SJ. A rhinitis phenotype associated with increased development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 117:21-28.e1. [PMID: 27184199 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) has a wide range of clinical features and may be accompanied by comorbid allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE To identify rhinitis phenotypes in school aged children and to predict the prognosis for developing bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma. METHODS This prospective follow-up study involved schoolchildren from the Children's Health and Environment Research cohort with current rhinitis, which was defined based on parental-reported, physician-diagnosed rhinitis and symptoms of rhinitis in the previous 12 months. All participants were followed up at 2 and 4 years later. Rhinitis clusters were identified by latent class analysis that used demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. RESULTS In 512 eligible children (age range, 6-8 years), 4 rhinitis phenotypes were identified: cluster 1 (25% of children) was associated with nonatopy and a low socioeconomic status; cluster 2 (36%) was associated with a high-atopic burden but normal lung function; cluster 3 (22%) was associated with a high-atopic burden and impaired lung function; and cluster 4 (17%) was associated with low atopy and a high socioeconomic status. Cluster 3 was associated with the highest total serum IgE levels and blood eosinophil percentages at enrollment and the highest incidence of new cases of BHR (P = .04) and asthma symptoms (P = .005) during follow-up. CONCLUSION The rhinitis cluster of schoolchildren with atopy and impaired lung function is associated with allergic march. This identification of distinct rhinitis phenotypes in affected children may help to prevent allergic march in children with rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Si Hyeon Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeongho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyung Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Ju Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hyo Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Yu JE, Miller RL. Got milk? Understanding the farm milk effect in allergy and asthma prevention. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1707-1708. [PMID: 27084404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce E Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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Melioli G, Marcomini L, Agazzi A, Bazurro G, Tosca M, Rossi GA, Minale P, Rossi R, Reggiardo G, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. The IgE repertoire in children and adolescents resolved at component level: a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012; 23:433-40. [PMID: 22103266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that allergy evolves at clinical level from the birth to adulthood, and this has been clearly demonstrated also at a level of sensitization. However, little information is available on the evolution of the IgE repertoire directed to single allergenic components. In this cross-sectional, observational study, the evolution of the IgE repertoire was analysed at component level. METHODS Serum samples from 901 allergic patients, stratified in 6 groups according to age, were analysed by ImmunoCAP ISAC, a microarray chip that allows to identify the presence of specific IgE towards 103 different allergen components. Total IgE were also evaluated. RESULTS The behaviour of total IgE according to age strictly paralleled that of the sum of specific IgE directed to molecular components. As expected, food-related components (in particular those of milk and egg) were the most frequently recognized in the earliest ages, whereas specific IgE to plant allergens appeared invariably later. Nonetheless, IgE specific to mite components was the most represented in all age classes. Of note, specific IgE against cross-reacting allergens was virtually absent in the first years and tended to appear only after the age of 6. CONCLUSION Despite this was not a study performed on a cohort of patients followed up from birth to adolescence, the molecular patterns of allergen recognition resulted modified according to age. These findings may support, at molecular level, the clinical features of the allergic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Melioli
- UOC Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Macdonald LE, Brett J, Kelton D, Majowicz SE, Snedeker K, Sargeant JM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of pasteurization on milk vitamins, and evidence for raw milk consumption and other health-related outcomes. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1814-32. [PMID: 22054181 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurization of milk ensures safety for human consumption by reducing the number of viable pathogenic bacteria. Although the public health benefits of pasteurization are well established, pro-raw milk advocate organizations continue to promote raw milk as "nature's perfect food." Advocacy groups' claims include statements that pasteurization destroys important vitamins and that raw milk consumption can prevent and treat allergies, cancer, and lactose intolerance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed to summarize available evidence for these selected claims. Forty studies assessing the effects of pasteurization on vitamin levels were found. Qualitatively, vitamins B12 and E decreased following pasteurization, and vitamin A increased. Random effects meta-analysis revealed no significant effect of pasteurization on vitamin B6 concentrations (standardized mean difference [SMD], -2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.40, 0.8; P = 0.06) but a decrease in concentrations of vitamins B1 (SMD, -1.77; 95% CI, -2.57, -0.96; P < 0.001), B2 (SMD, -0.41; 95% CI, -0.81, -0.01; P < 0.05), C (SMD, -2.13; 95% CI, -3.52, -0.74; P < 0.01), and folate (SMD, -11.99; 95% CI, -20.95, -3.03; P < 0.01). The effect of pasteurization on milk's nutritive value was minimal because many of these vitamins are naturally found in relatively low levels. However, milk is an important dietary source of vitamin B2, and the impact of heat treatment should be further considered. Raw milk consumption may have a protective association with allergy development (six studies), although this relationship may be potentially confounded by other farming-related factors. Raw milk consumption was not associated with cancer (two studies) or lactose intolerance (one study). Overall, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the poor quality of reported methodology in many of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Macdonald
- Center for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
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11
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Gordon BR. The allergic march: can we prevent allergies and asthma? Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2011; 44:765-77, xi. [PMID: 21621060 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The allergic march is a progression of atopic disease from eczema to asthma, and then to allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. It appears to be caused by a regional allergic response with breakdown of the local epithelial barrier that initiates systemic allergic inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors predispose to developing the allergic march. There are data to support 4 possible interventions to prevent the allergic march from progressing to asthma: (1) supplements of dietary probiotics, (2) exclusive breast feeding during the first few months of life, or, alternatively (3) use of extensively hydrolyzed infant formulas, (4) treatment with inhalant allergen immunotherapy by either subcutaneous or sublingual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, MA 02601, USA.
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12
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Chu HW, Lloyd CM, Karmaus W, Maestrelli P, Mason P, Salcedo G, Thaikoottathil J, Wardlaw AJ. Developments in the field of allergy in 2009 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 40:1611-31. [PMID: 21039970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2009 the journal published in the region of 200 papers including reviews, editorials, opinion pieces and original papers that ran the full gamut of allergic disease. It is instructive to take stock of this output to determine patterns of interest and where the cutting edge lies. We have surveyed the field of allergic disease as seen through the pages of Clinical and Experimental Allergy (CEA) highlighting trends, emphasizing notable observations and placing discoveries in the context of other key papers published during the year. The review is divided into similar sections as the journal. In the field of Asthma and Rhinitis CEA has contributed significantly to the debate about asthma phenotypes and expressed opinions about the cause of intrinsic asthma. It has also added its halfpennyworth to the hunt for meaningful biomarkers. In Mechanisms the considerable interest in T cell subsets including Th17 and T regulatory cells continues apace and the discipline of Epidemiology continues to invoke a steady stream of papers on risk factors for asthma with investigators still trying to explain the post-second world war epidemic of allergic disease. Experimental Models continue to make important contributions to our understanding of pathogenesis of allergic disease and in the Clinical Allergy section various angles on immunotherapy are explored. New allergens continue to be described in the allergens section to make those allergen chips even more complicated. A rich and vibrant year helpfully summarized by some of our associate editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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13
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Edgar JDM. Clinical immunology. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 80:5-14. [PMID: 22347733 PMCID: PMC3281247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Morandini P. Inactivation of allergens and toxins. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:482-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Jyonouchi H. Autism spectrum disorders and allergy: observation from a pediatric allergy/immunology clinic. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:397-411. [PMID: 20441426 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergic diseases (e.g., allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic asthma and food allergy) are prevalent (up to 30%) in the general population and are increasing in developed countries. In infants and young children, non-IgE-mediated food allergy is also prevalent. In addition to easily recognized organ-specific symptoms, allergic diseases can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as irritability and hyperactivity, in otherwise healthy individuals. This is also likely to occur in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moreover, the discomfort and pain associated with allergic diseases could aggravate behavioral symptoms in ASD children. Allergic conditions are easily treatable; however, ASD children may be underdiagnosed and/or undertreated for allergic and other common childhood diseases, in part due to their impaired communication skills. Practicing physicians should be aware of the potential impact of allergic diseases on behavioral symptoms and cognitive activity in ASD children. However, they also need to be aware that certain symptoms often attributed to 'allergy' by caregivers may not be immune mediated and should understand that behavioral symptoms can also be affected by many non-IgE-mediated causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Jyonouchi
- Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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From atopic dermatitis to asthma: the atopic march. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 105:99-106; quiz 107-9, 117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Increased Serum Levels of Soluble ST2 in Birch Pollen Atopics and Individuals Working in Laboratory Animal Facilities. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52:214-8. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181d09868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The neonate is born with a distinct immune system that is biased against the production of T-helper cell 1 (Th1) cytokines. Birth imposes a great challenge on the neonatal immune system, which is confronted with an outside world rich in foreign antigens. Exposure to these antigens shapes the developing neonatal immune system. Inducing Th-1 or Th-2 polarized responses that may extend beyond the neonatal age and counteract or promote allergic sensitization. This review describes how engagement of the innate immune system might contribute to the development of allergy in children. RECENT FINDINGS The exact role of innate immune stimulation in the development of allergies is a controversial area. Epidemiological literature suggests that microbial exposure in early childhood protects against the development of allergies, whereas a large amount of experimental data demonstrates that innate immune stimulation enhances Th2 responses upon primary and secondary antigen exposure. SUMMARY Dose, site and timing of allergen exposure are likely to modulate the innate immune response, polarizing the maturing neonatal immune system towards Th1 or Th2-type responses, thereby protecting from or predisposing to asthma and allergies. Modulation of neonatal innate immune responses may be a novel approach to prevent asthma and allergies.
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Lombardi V, Singh AK, Akbari O. The role of costimulatory molecules in allergic disease and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009; 151:179-89. [PMID: 19786798 DOI: 10.1159/000242355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased rapidly in recent years. It is well established that the deleterious allergic response is initiated by T-cell recognition of major histocompatibility class II-peptide complexes at the surface of antigen-presenting cells. While this first signal gives antigen specificity to the adaptive immune response, a second nonspecific costimulatory signal is required by T cells to become fully activated. This signal is provided by interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells through molecules borne at the surfaces of the two cell types. Depending on the type of molecules involved, this secondary signal can promote the development of an inflammatory allergic reaction or may favor immune regulation. Several molecules of the B7 family (CD80, CD86, PD-1, ICOS, CTLA-4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor family (OX40, CD30, 4-1BB, Fas, CD27, CD40) play an important role in delivering costimulatory signals in early and late phases of allergic response. Therefore, costimulatory molecules involved in promotion or prevention of allergic immune responses are potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review aims to recapitulate our current understanding of the relationship between allergic diseases and costimulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lombardi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9605, USA
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