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Eno EA, Cheng CR, Louis H, Gber TE, Emori W, Ita IAT, Unimke TO, Ling L, Adalikwu SA, Agwamba EC, Adeyinka AS. Investigation on the molecular, electronic and spectroscopic properties of rosmarinic acid: an intuition from an experimental and computational perspective. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10287-10301. [PMID: 36546691 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2154841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various drugs such as corticosteroids, salbutamol, and β2 agonist are available for the treatment of asthma an inflammatory disease and its symptoms, although the ingredient and the mode of action of these drugs are not clearly elucidated. Hence this research aimed at carrying out improved scientific research with respect to the use of natural product rosmarinic acid which poses minima, side effects. Herein, we first carried out extraction, isolation, and spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) investigation, followed by molecular modeling analysis on the naturally occurring rosmarinic acid extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis. A detailed comparison of the experimental and theoretical vibrational analysis has been carried out using five DFT functionals: BHANDH, HSEH1PBE, M06-2X, MPW3PBE and THCTHHYB with the basis set 6-311++G (d, p) to investigate into the structural, reactivity, and stability of the isolated compound. Frontier molecular orbital analysis and appropriate quantum descriptors were calculated. Results showed that the compound was more stable at M06-2X and more reactive at HSEH1PBE with an energy gap of 6.43441 eV and 3.8047 eV, respectively, which was later affirmed by the global quantum reactivity parameters. From natural bond orbital analysis, π* → π* is the major contributor to electron transition with the summation perturbation energy of 889.57 kcal/mol, while π → π* had the perturbation energy totaling of 145.3 kcal/mol. Geometry analysis shows BHANDH to have lower bond length values and lesser deviation from 120° in carbon-carbon angle. The potency of the title molecule as an asthma drug was tested via a molecular docking approach and the binding score of -8.2 kcal/mol was observed against -7.0 of salbutamol standard drug, suggesting romarinic acid as a potential natural organic treatment for asthma.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ededet A Eno
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Chun-Ru Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Corrosion and Protection of Sichuan Province, Zigong, Sichuan, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Wilfred Emori
- Key Laboratory of Material Corrosion and Protection of Sichuan Province, Zigong, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ima-Abasi T Ita
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O Unimke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Liu Ling
- College of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Stephen A Adalikwu
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C Agwamba
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Covenant University Ota, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo S Adeyinka
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lupu VV, Jechel E, Fotea S, Morariu ID, Starcea IM, Azoicai A, Mocanu A, Mitrofan EC, Lupu A, Munteanu D, Badescu MC, Cuciureanu M, Ioniuc I. Current Approaches in the Multimodal Management of Asthma in Adolescents-From Pharmacology to Personalized Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2429. [PMID: 37760870 PMCID: PMC10525469 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and adolescence are two sensitive points and are difficult to manage when they coexist. The first is a chronic respiratory condition, with frequent onset in early childhood (between 3 and 5 years), which can improve or worsen with age. Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood (12-19 years), marked by various internal and external conflicts and a limited capacity to understand and accept any aspect that is delimited by the pattern of the social circle (of the entourage) frequented by the individual. Therefore, the clinician is faced with multiple attempts regarding the management of asthma encountered during the adolescent period, starting from the individualization of the therapy to the control of compliance (which depends equally on the adverse reactions, quality of life offered and support of the close circle) and the social integration of the subject, communication probably having a more important role in the monitoring and evolution of the condition than the preference for a certain therapeutic scheme. Current statistics draw attention to the increase in morbidity and mortality among children with bronchial asthma, an aspect demonstrated by the numerous hospitalizations recorded, due either to an escalation in the severity of this pathology or to faulty management. The purpose of this article is to review the delicate aspects in terms of controlling symptoms and maintaining a high quality of life among teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
| | - Elena Jechel
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Morariu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
| | - Alice Azoicai
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
| | | | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
| | - Dragos Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania (E.J.)
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Li N, Guo Y, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Fan W, Yao K, Chen Z, Dou B, Lin X, Chen B, Chen Z, Xu Z, Lyu Z. The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7191-7224. [PMID: 34992414 PMCID: PMC8710088 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This study comprehensively reviews and presents literature from the last five years, showing that acupuncture indeed exerts strong anti-inflammatory effects in multiple biological systems, namely, the immune, digestive, respiratory, nervous, locomotory, circulatory, endocrine, and genitourinary systems. It is well known that localized acupuncture-mediated anti-inflammatory effects involve the regulation of multiple populations and functions of immune cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, and T cells. In acupuncture stimulation, macrophages transform from the M1 to the M2 phenotype and the negative TLR4 regulator PPARγ is activated to inhibit the intracellular TLR/MyD88 and NOD signaling pathways. The downstream IκBα/NF-κB and P38 MAPK pathways are subsequently inhibited by acupuncture, followed by suppressed production of inflammasome and proinflammatory mediators. Acupuncture also modulates the balance of helper T cell populations. Furthermore, it inhibits oxidative stress by enhancing SOD activity via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and eliminates the generation of oxygen free radicals, thereby preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture on different biological systems are also specific to individual organ microenvironments. As part of its anti-inflammatory action, acupuncture deforms connective tissue and upregulates the secretion of various molecules in acupoints, further activating the NF-κB, MAPK, and ERK pathways in mast cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and monocytes/macrophages. The somatic afferents present in acupuncture-activated acupoints also convey sensory signals to the spinal cord, brainstem, and hypothalamic neurons. Upon information integration in the brain, acupuncture further stimulates multiple neuro-immune pathways, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory, vagus-adrenal medulla-dopamine, and sympathetic pathways, as well as the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, ultimately acting immune cells via the release of crucial neurotransmitters and hormones. This review provides a scientific and reliable basis and viewpoints for the clinical application of acupuncture in various inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningcen Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Fan
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka City, Japan
| | - Kaifang Yao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxi Lyu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin City, People's Republic of China
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Lu A, Liu Z. Systems Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Citrus Peel (Chenpi) for Treating Complicated Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:391-411. [PMID: 33622210 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2150018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), also known as Chenpi in Chinese, is the dry mature peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivated varieties. CRP as the health-care food and dietary supplement has been widely used in various diseases. However, the potential pharmacological mechanisms of CRP to predict and treat various diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. A systems pharmacology-based approach is developed by integrating absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion screening, multiple target fishing, network pharmacology, as well as pathway analysis to comprehensively dissect the potential mechanism of CRP for therapy of various diseases. The results showed that 39 bioactive components and 121 potential protein targets were identified from CRP. The 121 targets are closely related to various diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, etc. These targets are further mapped to compound-target, target-disease, and target-pathway networks to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of CRP at the system level. The current study sheds light on a promising way for promoting the discovery of new botanical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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Asthma in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Whole-Course Management, and Medication Safety. Can Respir J 2020; 2020:9046842. [PMID: 32184907 PMCID: PMC7060439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9046842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma in pregnancy is a health issue of great concern. Physiological changes and drug compliance during pregnancy can affect asthma control in varying degrees, and the control level of asthma and the side effects of asthma medications are closely related to the adverse perinatal outcomes of mother and fetus. This article provides an update on the available literature regarding the alleviating or aggravating mechanism of asthma in pregnancy, diagnosis, disease assessment, and systematic management, to provide a new guidance for physician, obstetric joint doctor, and health care practitioner.
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Stamatiou R, Paraskeva E, Vasilaki A, Hatziefthimiou A. The muscarinic antagonist gallamine induces proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells regardless of the cell phenotype. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:225-232. [PMID: 30785060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic receptor antagonists are a usual treatment for chronic airway diseases, with increased bronchoconstriction, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These diseases are usually accompanied by airway remodeling, involving airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) proliferation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the muscarinic receptor modulator gallamine on rabbit tracheal ASMC proliferation. METHODS ASMCs were incubated with gallamine (1 nM-10 mM), atropine (1 fM-10 mM), and/or acetylcholine (1 nM-1 mM), in the presence or absence of FBS (1% or 10%). Cell proliferation was estimated by incorporation of radioactive thymidine, the Cell Titer AQueous One Solution method and cell number counting after Trypan blue exclusion. The mechanisms mediating cell proliferation were studied using the PI3K and MAPK inhibitors LY294002 (20 μM) and PD98059 (100 μM), respectively. Cell phenotype was studied by indirect immunofluorescence for α-actin, Myosin Heavy Chain and desmin. RESULTS ASMC incubation with the muscarinic receptor allosteric modulator gallamine or the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine increased methyl-[3H]thymidine incorporation and cell number in a dose-dependent manner. ASMC proliferation was mediated via PI3K and MAPK activation and was transient. Gallamine antagonized the mitogenic effect of 1% FBS. Furthermore, gallamine had a similar effect on contractile ASMCs, without synergizing with or affecting acetylcholine induced proliferation, or altering the percentage of ASMCs expressing contractile phenotype marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS Gallamine, in the absence of any agonist, has a transient mitogenic effect on ASMCs, regardless of the cell phenotype, mediated by the PI3K and the MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodopi Stamatiou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Efrosini Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Anna Vasilaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Apostolia Hatziefthimiou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece.
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Feishu Acupuncture Inhibits Acetylcholine Synthesis and Restores Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M2 Expression in the Lung When Treating Allergic Asthma. Inflammation 2018. [PMID: 29520557 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture was proven beneficial in treating allergic inflammation. We aimed to explore the regulation underlying the effects of acupuncture on Feishu, an acupoint most commonly used in the acupuncture therapy for respiratory diseases, with respect to the system of sympathetic nerve neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Male Wistar rats were randomly grouping. No treatment was taken in the normal group. Allergic asthma was induced using ovalbumin on the model, Feishu acupuncture, and sham acupuncture groups; then control or acupuncture treatment lasting for 3 weeks was performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the four groups was examined. And pulmonary tissues were subjected to histological analysis with H&E staining; besides, immunofluorescent staining, quantitative PCR, and western blot were used to detect synthetase (ChAT) and Ach hydrolase (AchE), and its muscarinic receptors (mAchRs) M1-M3. There was inflammatory infiltration in the lung upon allergic asthma, which was alleviated by the Feishu acupuncture. The eosinophilic granulocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in BALF from the Feishu acupuncture group were all significantly decreased compared with those of the model and sham acupuncture groups. The specific acupuncture on Feishu upon allergic asthma put down the pulmonary expression of ChAT, repaired at the level of gene expression the pulmonary expression of mAchR M1, and restored the pulmonary expression of mAchR M2 (especially in the bronchiolar epithelium) which has a role in inhibiting Ach release; while sham acupuncture had no effect. These results confirmed the therapeutic effects of Feishu acupuncture on allergic asthma, suggesting that the mechanisms may involve suppression of the Ach signal both from its synthesis and during its release.
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Yilmaz O, Yuksel H. Where does current and future pediatric asthma treatment stand? Remodeling and inflammation: Bird's eye view. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:1422-1429. [PMID: 27233079 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is the chronic outcome of inflammation in asthma and a point of intervention between pediatric and adult ages. Pediatric asthma has been of great interest in the efforts to find a valuable time to interrupt remodeling. Various experimental and clinical research have assessed the effect of current therapeutic modalities on airway remodeling in asthma and many new agents are being developed with promising results. The heterogeneity in the results of these studies may lie in the heterogeneity of pathogenesis leading to asthma and remodeling; underlying the need for individualized treatment of the unique pathogenetic characteristics of each child's asthma. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence about the influence of current and future therapeutic modalities in the concept of inflammation and remodeling in pediatric asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1422-1429. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yuksel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
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Soler X, Ramsdell JW. Are Asthma and COPD a Continuum of the Same Disease? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 3:489-95; quiz 496-7. [PMID: 26164572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common heterogeneous diseases with significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. In most of the cases, the main features and pathophysiology differ substantially between both asthma and COPD, which allows differentiating both entities and providing appropriate treatment. The recognition of a subgroup of patients who present clinically with features of both conditions, asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome, has reignited the question of whether asthma and COPD are different manifestations of the same disease or unique processes, the so-called Dutch hypothesis versus British hypothesis controversy. There is enough heterogeneity in the clinical and mechanistic profiles of these 3 diseases, and subsets of these 3 diseases, to suggest that a new approach relying on the concept of endotypes of obstructive airways disease may be more useful. This characterization has provided the basis for opening new areas of research that may eventually lead to the development of new targeted drugs. This review focuses on the current knowledge of asthma, COPD, and asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome phenotypes with emphasis on mechanisms of disease and how these may define endotypes, providing a more rational approach to research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Soler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | - Joe W Ramsdell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif.
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10
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Hall SC, Fischer KD, Agrawal DK. The impact of vitamin D on asthmatic human airway smooth muscle. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 10:127-35. [PMID: 26634624 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous disorder, which involves airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway remodeling. The airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundle regulates the broncho-motor tone and plays a critical role in AHR as well as orchestrating inflammation. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased severity and exacerbations of symptoms in asthmatic patients. It has been shown to modulate both immune and structural cells, including ASM cells, in inflammatory diseases. Given that current asthma therapies have not been successful in reversing airway remodeling, vitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option has gained a great deal of attention. Here, we highlight the potential immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D in regulating ASM function and airway inflammation in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannette C Hall
- a Department of Biomedical Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Kimberly D Fischer
- b Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- a Department of Biomedical Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA.,c Department of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
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11
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Incorvaia C, Moingeon P, Buttafava S, Frati F. Focusing the mechanism of action to dissect the different treatments of respiratory allergy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1005-13. [PMID: 26143936 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1064768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of respiratory allergy is based on several drugs with different mechanisms of action, which encompass an effect only on symptoms, limited factors of inflammation or the whole process of inflammation. Dissecting the different treatments by their mechanism of action is relevant for the management of allergic patients. Corticosteroids, administered as nasal sprays in rhinitis or by inhalation devices in asthma, and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are the most effective treatments for respiratory allergy, achieving the control on inflammation by a number of cellular and molecular mechanisms. What distinguishes corticosteroids from AIT is the duration of clinical outcomes that ends with treatment withdrawal for the former but persists after stopping for AIT, due to its disease-modifying effect.
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