1
|
Kessler T, Schunkert H. Genomic Strategies Toward Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 270:429-462. [PMID: 32399778 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and secondary damages of the myocardium in the form of ischemic heart disease remain major causes of death in Western countries. Beyond traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes, a positive family history is known to increase risk. The genetic factors underlying this observation remained unknown for decades until genetic studies were able to identify multiple genomic loci contributing to the heritability of the trait. Knowledge of the affected genes and the resulting molecular and cellular mechanisms leads to improved understanding of the pathophysiology leading to coronary atherosclerosis. Major goals are also to improve prevention and therapy of coronary artery disease and its sequelae via improved risk prediction tools and pharmacological targets. In this chapter, we recapitulate recent major findings. We focus on established novel targets and discuss possible further targets which are currently explored in translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Larsson SC, Traylor M, Markus HS. Circulating Vitamin K₁ Levels in Relation to Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111575. [PMID: 30366361 PMCID: PMC6266991 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K plays a crucial role in blood coagulation, and hypercoagulability has been linked to atherosclerosis-related vascular disease. We used the Mendelian randomization study design to examine whether circulating vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) levels are associated with ischemic stroke. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with vitamin K1 levels were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for large artery atherosclerotic stroke (n = 4373 cases), small vessel stroke (n = 5386 cases), cardioembolic stroke (n = 7193 cases), and any ischemic stroke (n = 34,217 cases and 404,630 non-cases) were available from the MEGASTROKE consortium. Genetically-predicted circulating vitamin K1 levels were associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke but not with any other subtypes or ischemic stroke as a whole. The odds ratios per genetically predicted one nmol/L increase in natural log-transformed vitamin K1 levels were 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.53; p = 7.0 × 10−4) for large artery atherosclerotic stroke, 0.98 (95% CI 0.85–1.12; p = 0.73) for small vessel stroke, 1.01 (95% CI 0.90–1.14; p = 0.84) for cardioembolic stroke, and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.11; p = 0.11) for any ischemic stroke. These findings indicate that genetic predisposition to higher circulating vitamin K1 levels is associated with an increased risk of large artery atherosclerotic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK.
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Association of polymorphisms of platelet receptors GPIa (807C>T), GPVI (13254T>C), and P2Y12 (34C>T and H1/H2 haplotype) with increased risk of periprocedural bleeding in patients undergoing coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary intervention. Adv Cardiol 2017; 13:202-209. [PMID: 29056992 PMCID: PMC5644038 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2017.70187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Periprocedural bleeding related to coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with worse prognosis. Determining genetic variations associated with increased bleeding risk may help to identify high-risk patients. Aim To analyse the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of crucial haemostatic platelet receptors (GPIa, GPVI, P2Y12) and the risk of periprocedural bleeding complications related to CAG/PCI. Material and methods The population consisted of 73 patients with ischaemic heart disease who developed bleeding complications within 30 days after CAG/PCI and 331 patients without bleeding. The frequency of SNPs of GPIa 807C/T, GPVI 13254T/C, P2Y12 32C/T, and P2Y12 H1/H2 haplotype was analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) hybridization methods. Results The prevalence of variant alleles GPIa 807T, GPVI 13254C, P2Y12 34T, and P2Y12 H2 haplotype in the total study population was 56.7%, 20.3%, 56.2%, and 24.3%, respectively. The presence of variant alleles was not related to increased risk of periprocedural bleeding: GPIa 807C/T (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.75–2.24, p = 0.334), GPVI 12354T/C (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.40–1.64, p = 0.551), P2Y12 34C/T (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.42–1.22, p = 0.189), P2Y12 H1/H2 haplotype (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.35–1.36, p = 0.258). The frequency of the homozygous form of P2Y12 H2 haplotype was higher in the group of patients who developed bleeding (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 0.51–13.77, p = 0.161). Conclusions No significant association of the SNPs of GPIa 807C/T, GPVI 13254T/C, P2Y12 32C/T, and P2Y12 H1/H2 haplotype with increased risk of periprocedural bleeding was found in patients with ischaemic heart disease undergoing CAG/PCI.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma WQ, Qu QR, Zhao Y, Liu NF. Association of RAGE gene Gly82Ser polymorphism with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5593. [PMID: 27930580 PMCID: PMC5266052 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) has been widely linked to diabetic atherosclerosis, but its effects on coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS) remain controversial. The Gly82Ser polymorphism is located in the ligand-binding V domain of RAGE, suggesting a possible influence of this variant on RAGE function. The aim of the present study is to clarify the association between the RAGE Gly82Ser polymorphism and susceptibility to CAD and IS. METHODS Eligible studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association of Gly82Ser polymorphism with CAD and IS risk. Fixed- or random-effects model was used depending on the heterogeneity between studies. A funnel plot and Egger linear regression test were applied to assess publication bias. We also performed subgroup analyses to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 16 eligible articles containing 18 studies were analyzed. The pooled analysis indicated that the Gly82Ser polymorphism significantly increased CAD risk in recessive and homozygous genetic models (SS vs GS + GG: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09-1.64; SS vs GG: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.12-1.71). A significant association between the Gly82Ser polymorphism and IS risk was observed in all tested models except the heterozygous genetic model (GS + SS vs GG: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04-1.38; SS vs GS + GG: OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.74-2.78; SS vs GG: OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.72-2.91; S vs G: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.05-1.65). Subgroup analysis suggested an association between CAD and IS risk and the Gly82Ser polymorphism in the Chinese population, but not in the non-Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis suggests that the RAGE Gly82Ser polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CAD and IS, especially in the Chinese population. However, better-designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amara A, Mrad M, Sayeh A, Lahideb D, Layouni S, Haggui A, Fekih-Mrissa N, Haouala H, Nsiri B. The Effect of ACE I/D Polymorphisms Alone and With Concomitant Risk Factors on Coronary Artery Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 24:157-163. [PMID: 27895197 DOI: 10.1177/1076029616679505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. The role of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the etiology of CAD remains to be more completely clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in patients with CAD and to study the association together with traditional risk factors in assessing the risk of CAD. METHODS Our study population included 145 Tunisian patients with symptomatic CAD and a control group of 300 people matched for age and sex. All participants in the study were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphisms obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification on genomic DNA. RESULTS Our analysis showed that the ACE D allele frequency ( P < 10-3; odds ratio [OR] = 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.6-7.6) and DD genotype ( P < 10-3; OR = 6.8; 95% CI = 4.4-10) are significantly more prevalent among patients with CAD than in controls and may be predisposing to CAD. We further found that the risk of CAD is greatly potentiated by several concomitant risk factors (smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a family history of CAD). CONCLUSION The ACE D allele may be predictive in individuals who may be at risk of developing CAD. Further investigations of these polymorphisms and their possible synergisms with traditional risk factors for CAD could help to ascertain better predictability for CAD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amara
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Meriem Mrad
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Aicha Sayeh
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,2 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Dhaker Lahideb
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Samy Layouni
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,5 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Abdeddayem Haggui
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najiba Fekih-Mrissa
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,6 Académie Militaire Fondouk Jédid, Nabeul, Tunisie
| | - Habib Haouala
- 3 Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,4 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Brahim Nsiri
- 1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Militaire de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie.,5 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng L, Dang TA, Schunkert H. Genetics links between transforming growth factor β pathway and coronary disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:237-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
7
|
Wang XB, Han YD, Sabina S, Cui NH, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Li C, Zheng F. HDAC9 Variant Rs2107595 Modifies Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease and the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis in a Chinese Han Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160449. [PMID: 27494404 PMCID: PMC4975504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous genome-wide association study showed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2107595 in histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) gene was associated with large artery stroke (LAS) in Caucasians. Based on the similar atherosclerotic pathogenesis between LAS and coronary artery disease (CAD), we aimed to evaluate the associations of SNP rs2107595 with CAD risk and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in a Chinese Han population, and explore the potential gene-environment interactions among SNP rs2107595 and conventional CAD risk factors. In a two-stage case-control study with a total of 2317 CAD patients and 2404 controls, the AG + AA genotypes of SNP rs2107595 were significantly associated with increased CAD risk (Adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, Padj = 0.001) and higher modified Gensini scores (Adjusted OR = 1.38, Padj < 0.001). These associations remained significant in subtype analyses for unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Subgroup and multifactor dimensionality reduction analyses (MDR) further found the gene-environment interactions among SNP rs2107595, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia in CAD risk and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, patients with CAD had higher levels of HDAC9 mRNA expression and plasma HDAC9 than controls. Subsequent genotype-phenotype analyses observed the significant correlations of SNP rs2107595 with HDAC9 mRNA expression and plasma HDAC9 levels in controls and patients with NSTEMI and STEMI. Taken together, our data suggest that SNP rs2107595 may contribute to coronary atherosclerosis and CAD risk through a possible mechanism of regulating HDAC9 expression and gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-bin Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-di Han
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shrestha Sabina
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning-hua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-jin Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neves JA, Neves JA, Oliveira RDCM. Biomarcadores de função endotelial em doenças cardiovasculares: hipertensão. J Vasc Bras 2016; 15:224-233. [PMID: 29930594 PMCID: PMC5829760 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica está aumentando mundialmente. Sua prevenção baseia-se na identificação dos hipertensos. Atualmente, biomarcadores são utilizados com fins de diagnosticar, estratificar e prognosticar doenças. Neste estudo, objetivou-se revisar artigos dos últimos cinco anos relacionados a biomarcadores nas doenças cardiovasculares. Pesquisaram-se dados de PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct e MEDLINE, mediante as palavras-chave: hipertensão arterial, biomarcadores cardiovasculares, óxido nítrico, função endotelial e dimetilarginina assimétrica. Os estudos levantados mostram que as doenças cardiovasculares possuem uma etiologia complexa. Neste artigo, evidenciaram-se interações entre o óxido nítrico e a dimetilarginina assimétrica na regulação, no metabolismo e na determinação dos níveis intracelulares, e reviram-se outros biomarcadores relacionados à hipertensão. Alguns estudos indicam os biomarcadores como uma ferramenta útil na predição de eventos cardíacos, e outros reportam que eles contribuem pouco para a avaliação. A seleção e combinação desses pode ser uma alternativa para validar o uso dos biomarcadores devido à pouca especificidade existente para diagnosticar a hipertensão.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josynaria Araújo Neves
- Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais – NPPM, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
| | - Josyanne Araújo Neves
- Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais – NPPM, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|