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Sahlin KB, Pla I, Sanchez A, Pawłowski K, Leijonhufvud I, Appelqvist R, Marko-Varga G, Giwercman A, Malm J. Short-term effect of pharmacologically induced alterations in testosterone levels on common blood biomarkers in a controlled healthy human model. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 80:25-31. [PMID: 31738571 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1689429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency in males is associated with serious comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes type two, and also an increased risk of premature death. The pathogenetic mechanism behind this association, however, has not yet been clarified and is potentially bidirectional. The aim of this clinical trial was to gain insight into the short-term effect of changes in testosterone on blood analytes in healthy young men. Thirty healthy young male volunteers were recruited and monitored in our designed human model. Blood sampling was performed prior to and 3 weeks after pharmacological castration with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Subsequently, testosterone replacement with 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate was given and additional blood samples were collected 2 weeks later. The alterations in the levels of 37 routine biomarkers were statistically analysed. Eight biomarkers changed significantly in a similar manner as testosterone between the time points (e.g. prostate specific antigen, creatinine and magnesium), whereas seven other markers changed in the inverse manner as testosterone, including sexual hormone-binding globulin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Most of our results were supported by data from other studies. The designed controlled human model yielded changes in known biomarkers suggesting that low testosterone has a negative effect on health in young healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barbara Sahlin
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Indira Pla
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Irene Leijonhufvud
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Roger Appelqvist
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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