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Liu Y, Wang X, Han J, Liu L, Jin Y, Jin L, Ye P. PCSK9 positively correlates with plasma sdLDL in community-dwelling population but not in diabetic participants after confounder adjustment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15062. [PMID: 30946354 PMCID: PMC6456037 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) and small dense low-density lipoprptein (sdLDL) in diabetic and non-diabetic participants in a community-dwelling cohort.The plasma levels of PCSK9 and sdLDL were detected in 1766 participants (median age: 61.40 years; 733 males vs 1033 females; 383 diabetic vs 1383 non-diabetic patients) from the Pingguoyuan community of Beijing, China.Results showed that Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PCSK9 and sdLDL (r = 0.263, P < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between plasma PCSK9 and sdLDL in the whole population study. sdLDL was used as the dependent variable, and the potential cofounders were adjusted. However, any independent relationship was not observed between circulating PCSK9 and sdLDL in the diabetic subpopulation (r = 0.269, P < .05, β = 9.591, P > .05).Thus, there is a positive correlation between plasma PCSK9 and sdLDL in a community-dwelling cohort, but not in type 2 diabetic subpopulation, after confounder adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- Critical Care Center, The 302 Hospital, People's Liberation Army
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- Geriatric Institute, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Jin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
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Khosravi M, Hosseini-Fard R, Najafi M. Circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL). Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0024/hmbci-2018-0024.xml. [PMID: 30059347 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are known as atherogenic agents in coronary artery diseases. They modify to other electronegative forms and may be the subject for improvement of inflammatory events in vessel subendothelial spaces. The circulating LDL value is associated with the plasma PCSK-9 level. They internalize into macrophages using the lysosomal receptor-mediated pathways. LDL uptake is related to the membrane scavenger receptors, modifications of lipid and protein components of LDL particles, vesicular maturation and lipid stores of cells. Furthermore, LDL vesicular trafficking is involved with the function of some proteins such as Rab and Lamp families. These proteins also help in the transportation of free cholesterol from lysosome into the cytosol. The aggregation of lipids in the cytosol is a starting point for the formation of foam cells so that they may participate in the primary core of atherosclerosis plaques. The effects of macrophage subclasses are different in the formation and remodeling of plaques. This review is focused on the cellular and molecular events involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Biochemistry Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Phone: 09155192401
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Farrell SW, Finley CE, Barlow CE, Willis BL, DeFina LF, Haskell WL, Vega GL. Moderate to High Levels of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuate the Effects of Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Men. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:1763-1771. [PMID: 29157534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective relationships among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fasting blood triglyceride to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG:HDL-C), and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in men. METHODS A total of 40,269 men received a comprehensive baseline clinical examination between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 2010. Their CRF was determined from a maximal treadmill exercise test. Participants were divided into CRF categories of low, moderate, and high fit by age group and by TG:HDL-C quartiles. Hazard ratios for CHD mortality were computed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 556 deaths due to CHD occurred during a mean ± SD of 16.6±9.7 years (669,678 man-years) of follow-up. A significant positive trend in adjusted CHD mortality was shown across decreasing CRF categories (P for trend<.01). Adjusted hazard ratios were significantly higher across increasing TG:HDL-C quartiles as well (P for trend<.01). When grouped by CRF category and TG:HDL-C quartile, there was a significant positive trend (P=.04) in CHD mortality across decreasing CRF categories in each TG:HDL-C quartile. CONCLUSION Both CRF and TG:HDL-C are significantly associated with CHD mortality in men. The risk of CHD mortality in each TG:HDL-C quartile was significantly attenuated in men with moderate to high CRF compared with men with low CRF. These results suggest that assessment of CRF and TG:HDL-C should be included for routine CHD mortality risk assessment and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gloria L Vega
- Center for Human Nutrition/Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Soltanmohammadi E, Piran S, Mohammadi A, Hosseni B, Naseri F, Shabani M, Najafi M. Serum sdLDL-C and Cellular SREBP2-dependent Cholesterol Levels; is there a Challenge on Targeting PCSK9? J Med Biochem 2016; 35:410-415. [PMID: 28670193 PMCID: PMC5471636 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) value is suggested to bean important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Since sdLDL-C changes may be related to PCSK9 and SREBP-2 functions, the aim of this study was to investigate correlations between sdLDL-C, circulating PCSK9, SREBP-2 expression and some lipid parameters in serum and butty coat fraction of healthy subjects. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four subjects were randomly included in the study. The lipid profile was measured using routine laboratory methods. The serum sdLDL-C level was calculated by a heparin-related precipitation technique. The cellular LDL-C/protein and cholesterol/protein values were measured after lysing of cells with methanol/chloroform binary solvent. The circulating PCSK9 level was measured using ELISA technique. The SREBP-2 expression level was estimated using theRT-qPCR technique. RESULTS Data showed significant correlations between LDL-C, TG and sdLDL-C levels (r=0.34, p=0.001; r=0.2, p=0.04). The circulating PCSK9 level was correlated to LDL-C (r=0.29, p=0.04), but not to sdLDL-C (r=-0.08, p=0.57). Also, cellular LDL-C value was not related to serum LDL-C level (r=-0.12, p=0.39). Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between cellular LDL-C/protein value and estimated de novo cholesterol/protein value (r= -0.5, p=0.001). Similar results were observed for cellular LDL-C/protein value and SREBP-2 expression level (r= -0.52, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the serum sdLDL-C value is not related to circulating PCSK9. Furthermore, SREBP-2 regulatory system was able to elevate the cellular cholesterol level after reducing LDL influx. We suggest to investigate the cellular sdLDL fate and lipid synthesis pathways in PCSK9-targeting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Soltanmohammadi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - International Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Piran
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Hosseni
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Naseri
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Tehran, Iran
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Making the Connection Between Diet and Nutrition and Cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s Diseases. Explore (NY) 2008; 4:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Scheuner MT. Clinical application of genetic risk assessment strategies for coronary artery disease: genotypes, phenotypes, and family history. Prim Care 2004; 31:711-37, xi-xii. [PMID: 15331255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis have an increased risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD), especially at young ages. They may derive the greatest benefit from traditional preventive strategies and strategies targeting novel,emerging risk factors. Because CAD is a complex, multifactorial disorder, global risk assessment has been recognized as an effective approach in preventing CAD and its manifestations. The systematic collection and interpretation of family history information is currently the most appropriate screening approach to identify individuals with genetic susceptibility to CAD. Much of the familial aggregation of CAD might be explained by familial aggregation of established risk factors and emerging CAD risk factors. Tests to assess genetic risk for CAD are primarily biochemical analyses that measure the different pathways involved in development and progression of disease. Some of these can guide and explain responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren T Scheuner
- Department of Health Services, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, South Room 31-269 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
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Abstract
There is substantial evidence that genetic factors contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, family history collection and interpretation is the best method for identifying individuals with genetic susceptibility to CAD. Family history reflects not only genetic susceptibility, but also interactions between genetic, environmental, cultural, and behavioral factors. Stratification of familial risk into different risk categories (e.g., average, moderate, or high) is possible by considering the number of relatives affected with CAD and their degree of relationship, the ages of CAD onset, the occurrence of associated conditions, and the gender of affected relatives. Familial risk stratification should improve standard CAD risk assessment methods and treatment guidelines (e.g., Framingham CAD risk prediction score and Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines). Individuals with an increased familial risk for CAD should be targeted for aggressive risk factor modification. Individuals with a high familial risk might also benefit from early detection strategies and biochemical and DNA-based testing, which can further refine risk for CAD. In addition, individuals with the highest familial risk might have mendelian disorders associated with a large magnitude of risk for premature CAD. In these cases, referral for genetic evaluation should be considered, including pedigree analysis, risk assessment, genetic counseling and education, discussion of available genetic tests, and recommendations for risk-appropriate screening and preventive interventions. Research is needed to assess the feasibility, clinical validity, clinical utility, and ethical, legal, and social issues of an approach that uses familial risk stratification and genetic evaluation to enhance CAD prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren T Scheuner
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Associate Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CDC Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Aldahi W, Frohlich J. Modified lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2002; 498:41-8. [PMID: 11900400 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1321-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Aldahi
- Healthy Heart Program, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Colombia, Vancouver
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Abstract
Insulin resistance, and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia that results, has been linked to a host of defects including glucose intolerance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, impaired fibrinolysis, and subclinical inflammation. Patients with this metabolic syndrome have a markedly increased risk for the development of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. The characteristic dyslipidemia of insulin resistance consists of elevated triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased concentrations of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Management of this dyslipidemia typically involves a dual approach. Lifestyle modification is an essential component of any successful treatment plan, but alone is usually insufficient to correct these lipoprotein abnormalities. Medications that diminish insulin resistance and directly alter lipoproteins are also necessary in the majority of cases. Combinations of therapeutic agents are often required to optimize attainment of treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cohn
- Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL 33331, USA.
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