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Alves M, Laranjeira F, Correia-da-Silva G. Understanding Hypertriglyceridemia: Integrating Genetic Insights. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:190. [PMID: 38397180 PMCID: PMC10887881 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an exceptionally complex metabolic disorder characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis and cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease. Its phenotype expression is widely heterogeneous and heavily influenced by conditions as obesity, alcohol consumption, or metabolic syndromes. Looking into the genetic underpinnings of hypertriglyceridemia, this review focuses on the genetic variants in LPL, APOA5, APOC2, GPIHBP1 and LMF1 triglyceride-regulating genes reportedly associated with abnormal genetic transcription and the translation of proteins participating in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia resulting from such genetic abnormalities can be categorized as monogenic or polygenic. Monogenic hypertriglyceridemia, also known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the five canonical genes. Polygenic hypertriglyceridemia, also known as multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome in extreme cases of hypertriglyceridemia, is caused by heterozygous pathogenic genetic variants with variable penetrance affecting the canonical genes, and a set of common non-pathogenic genetic variants (polymorphisms, using the former nomenclature) with well-established association with elevated triglyceride levels. We further address recent progress in triglyceride-lowering treatments. Understanding the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia opens new translational opportunities in the scope of genetic screening and the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Laranjeira
- CGM—Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA), 4099-028 Porto, Portugal;
- UMIB—Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-346 Porto, Portugal
- ITR—Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Butnariu LI, Gorduza EV, Țarcă E, Pânzaru MC, Popa S, Stoleriu S, Lupu VV, Lupu A, Cojocaru E, Trandafir LM, Moisă ȘM, Florea A, Stătescu L, Bădescu MC. Current Data and New Insights into the Genetic Factors of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2348. [PMID: 37510094 PMCID: PMC10378477 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic dyslipidemia plays a critical role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), being one of its major components, along with central obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In recent years, the development of molecular genetics techniques and extended analysis at the genome or exome level has led to important progress in the identification of genetic factors (heritability) involved in lipid metabolism disorders associated with MetS. In this review, we have proposed to present the current knowledge related to the genetic etiology of atherogenic dyslipidemia, but also possible challenges for future studies. Data from the literature provided by candidate gene-based association studies or extended studies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES,) have revealed that atherogenic dyslipidemia presents a marked genetic heterogeneity (monogenic or complex, multifactorial). Despite sustained efforts, many of the genetic factors still remain unidentified (missing heritability). In the future, the identification of new genes and the molecular mechanisms by which they intervene in lipid disorders will allow the development of innovative therapies that act on specific targets. In addition, the use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) or specific biomarkers to identify individuals at increased risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or other components of MetS will allow effective preventive measures and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcramioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II-Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Prosthesis Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ștefana Maria Moisă
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Florea
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Stătescu
- Medical III Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruța Bădescu
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Butnariu LI, Florea L, Badescu MC, Țarcă E, Costache II, Gorduza EV. Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060865. [PMID: 35743896 PMCID: PMC9225091 DOI: 10.3390/life12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the complex etiology, multifactorial (caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors) but also monogenic. The purpose of this review is to present the genetic factors involved in the etiology of CAD and their relationship to the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Method: we analyzed data from the literature, starting with candidate gene-based association studies, then continuing with extensive association studies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The results of these studies revealed that the number of genetic factors involved in CAD etiology is impressive. The identification of new genetic factors through GWASs offers new perspectives on understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that determine CAD. In conclusion, deciphering the genetic architecture of CAD by extended genomic analysis (GWAS/WES) will establish new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of new treatments. The identification of individuals at high risk for CAD using polygenic risk scores (PRS) will allow early prophylactic measures and personalized therapy to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Laura Florea
- Department of Nefrology—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
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Singh Y, Subbarao N, Jaimini A, Hathaway QA, Kunovac A, Erickson B, Swarup V, Singh HN. Genome-wide expression reveals potential biomarkers in breast cancer bone metastasis. J Integr Bioinform 2022; 19:jib-2021-0041. [PMID: 35388653 PMCID: PMC9521824 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastases are most commonly found in bone, an indication of poor prognosis. Pathway-based biomarkers identification may help elucidate the cellular signature of breast cancer metastasis in bone, further characterizing the etiology and promoting new therapeutic approaches. We extracted gene expression profiles from mouse macrophages from the GEO dataset, GSE152795 using the GEO2R webtool. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered by log2 fold-change with threshold 1.5 (FDR < 0.05). STRING database and Enrichr were used for GO-term analysis, miRNA and TF analysis associated with DEGs. Autodock Vienna was exploited to investigate interaction of anti-cancer drugs, Actinomycin-D and Adriamycin. Sensitivity and specificity of DEGs was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. A total of 61 DEGs, included 27 down-regulated and 34 up-regulated, were found to be significant in breast cancer bone metastasis. Major DEGs were associated with lipid metabolism and immunological response of tumor tissue. Crucial DEGs, Bcl3, ADGRG7, FABP4, VCAN, and IRF4 were regulated by miRNAs, miR-497, miR-574, miR-138 and TFs, CCDN1, STAT6, IRF8. Docking analysis showed that these genes possessed strong binding with the drugs. ROC analysis demonstrated Bcl3 is specific to metastasis. DEGs Bcl3, ADGRG7, FABP4, IRF4, their regulating miRNAs and TFs have strong impact on proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer in bone tissues. In conclusion, present study revealed that DEGs are directly involved in of breast tumor metastasis in bone tissues. Identified genes, miRNAs, and TFs can be possible drug targets that may be used for the therapeutics. However, further experimental validation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashbir Singh
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jaimini
- Divisions of PET Imaging, MIRC, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Vishnu Swarup
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille 13288, France.,MTA Infotech, Varanasi, India
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Iannuzzi A, Annunziata M, Fortunato G, Giacobbe C, Palma D, Bresciani A, Aliberti E, Iannuzzo G. Case Report: Genetic Analysis of PEG-Asparaginase Induced Severe Hypertriglyceridemia in an Adult With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Front Genet 2022; 13:832890. [PMID: 35237305 PMCID: PMC8882989 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.832890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PEG-Asparaginase (also known as Pegaspargase), along with glucocorticoids (predominantly prednisolone or dexamethasone) and other chemotherapeutic agents (such as cyclophosphamide, idarubicin, vincristine, cytarabine, methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine) is the current standard treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in both children and adults. High doses of PEG-asparaginase are associated with side effects such as hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, venous thrombosis, hypersensitivity reactions against the drug and severe hypertriglyceridemia. We report a case of a 28-year-old male who was normolipidemic at baseline and developed severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of 1793 mg/dl) following treatment with PEG-asparaginase for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Thorough genetic analysis was conducted to assess whether genetic variants could suggest a predisposition to this drug-induced metabolic condition. This genetic analysis showed the presence of a rare heterozygous missense variant c.11G > A-p.(Arg4Gln) in the APOC3 gene, classified as a variant of uncertain significance, as well as its association with four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; c.*40C > G in APOC3 and c.*158T > C; c.162-43G > A; c.-3A > G in APOA5) related to increased plasma triglyceride levels. To our knowledge this is the first case that a rare genetic variant associated to SNPs has been related to the onset of severe drug-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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Genetic association of LPL rs326 with BMI among the Kuwaiti population. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2021; 10:215-221. [PMID: 34765892 PMCID: PMC8575433 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Lipoprotein lipase is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism with reported variants associated with obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. This study was performed to investigate the association between common lipoprotein lipase single nucleotide polymorphisms and metabolic disorders in a sample of Kuwaiti cohort (n = 494). Five lipoprotein lipase variants (rs1801177, rs295, rs326, ss2137497749, and ss2137497750) across the lipoprotein lipase gene were genotyped by real-time PCR employing the TaqMan allele discrimination assay. Genotype, allelic frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were determined for each variant in the cohort followed by multivariate and logistic regression analysis. A novel finding was observed for the G allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs326 which was associated with increased BMI after adjusting for age and sex (β = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 0.15–1.94; P = 0.02). Moreover, a significant difference in the distribution of the minor C allele of rs295 among coronary heart disease subjects compared with noncoronary heart disease, however, this significance was diminished after controlling for age, sex, and BMI. This study demonstrated that lipoprotein lipase rs326 may be indicative for the increased risk of obesity and possibly rs295 for coronary heart disease. The findings are also in agreement with other reports suggesting that intronic variants are important genetic markers in association studies. The findings warrant further studies in a large cohort to confirm and validate the results presented.
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Luo M, Fan R, Wang X, Lu J, Li P, Chu W, Hu Y, Chen X. Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction ameliorates Poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemia. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20204216. [PMID: 34036306 PMCID: PMC8204229 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gualou Xiebai Banxia (GLXBBX) decoction is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula that was first discussed in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In traditional Chinese medicine, GLXBBX is commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine GLXBBX's preventative capacity and elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of Poloxamer 407 (P407)-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both the control and model groups received pure water, and the test group also received a GLXBBX decoction. For each administration, 3 ml of the solution was administered orally. To establish hyperlipidemia, a solution mixed with 0.25 g/kg P407 dissolved in 0.9% normal saline was injected slowly into the abdominal cavity. At the end of the study, the rats' plasma lipid levels were calculated using an automatic biochemical analyzer to evaluate the preventative capability of the GLXBBX decoction, and the serum and liver of the rats were collected. RESULTS The GLXBBX decoction significantly improved P407-induced hyperlipidemia, including increased plasma triglycerides (TGs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation, and lipid accumulation. Moreover, GLXBBX decoction treatment increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mRNA expression of LPL. Furthermore, GLXBBX significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1). CONCLUSION GLXBBX significantly improved P407-induced hyperlipidemia, which may have been related to enhanced LPL activity, increased LPL mRNA expression, and decreased mRNA expression of SCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Junyu Lu
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
- Department of Pharmacology Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbin Chu
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Operational Medicinal Research, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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Hsu CS, Chang ST, Nfor ON, Lee KJ, Ho CC, Liu CC, Lee SS, Liaw YP. Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Aerobic Exercise and LPL rs3779788 Polymorphism in Taiwan Biobank Individuals. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3997-4004. [PMID: 34548800 PMCID: PMC8449547 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s328308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene is a significant contributor to dyslipidemia. It has shown associations with several conditions including atherosclerosis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assessed the interactive association between MetS and rs3779788 of the LPL gene based on aerobic exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were available for 7532 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants recruited between 2008 and 2016. We used multiple logistic regression to determine the odds ratios (OR) for MetS and their 95% confident intervals (C.I.). Potential variables included LPL rs3779788, aerobic exercise, sex, age, education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, midnight snacking, vegetarian diet, coffee, dietary fat, and tea drinking. RESULTS Aerobic exercise was protective against MetS (OR, 0.858; 95% C.I., 0.743-0.991). Compared to CC/CT genotype, the OR for developing MetS was 0.875, (95% C.I., 0.571-1.341) in TT individuals. The test for interaction was significant for the rs3779788 variant and aerobic exercise (p = 0.0484). In our group analyses, the OR for MetS was 0.841 (95% C.I., 0.727-0.974) in CC/CT and 4.076 (95% C.I., 1.158-14.346) in TT individuals who did aerobic exercise compared to those who did not. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that aerobic exercise improved metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese adults with rs3779788 CC/CT genotype relative to those with TT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tsu Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 813414, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jung Lee
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ching Liu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Yung-Po Liaw; Shiuan-Shinn Lee Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, TaiwanTel +886 424730022 ext. 11838; +886 424730022 ext.12185Fax +886 423248179 Email ;
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Xing M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E144. [PMID: 32121067 PMCID: PMC7142810 DOI: 10.3390/md18030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
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Intravascular triglyceride lipolysis becomes crystal clear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1480-1482. [PMID: 30610175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820330116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Qin YY, Wei AQ, Shan QW, Xian XY, Wu YY, Liao L, Yan J, Lai ZF, Lin FQ. Rare LPL gene missense mutation in an infant with hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22414. [PMID: 29479812 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hypertriglyceridemia usually results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors and is most often attributable to mutations in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify rare mutations in the LPL gene causing severe hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS A Chinese infant who presented classical features of severe hypertriglyceridemia recruited for DNA sequencing of the LPL gene. The pathogenicity grade of the variants was defined based on the prediction of pathogenicity using in silico prediction tools. Review some studies to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the severe hypertriglyceridemia. RESULTS We identified a rare mutation in the LPL gene causing severe hypertriglyceridemia: a nucleotide substitution (c.836T>G) resulting in a leucine to arginine substitution at position 279 of the protein (p.Leu279Arg).The pathogenicity of the variant was predicted by in silico analysis using PolyPhen2 and SIFT prediction programs, which indicated that mutation p.Leu279Arg is probably harmful. We have also reviewed published studies concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying severe hypertriglyceridemia. A missense mutation in the 6 exon of the LPL gene is reportedly associated with LPL deficiency. CONCLUSIONS We have here identified a rare pathogenic mutation in the LPL gene in a Chinese infant with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ai-Qiu Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shan
- Department of pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fa-Quan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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15
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Castellano-Castillo D, Moreno-Indias I, Fernández-García JC, Alcaide-Torres J, Moreno-Santos I, Ocaña L, Gluckman E, Tinahones F, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Cardona F. Adipose Tissue LPL Methylation is Associated with Triglyceride Concentrations in the Metabolic Syndrome. Clin Chem 2017; 64:210-218. [PMID: 29046332 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.277921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression. DNA methylation may be modified by environmental and nutritional factors. Thus, epigenetics could potentially provide a mechanism to explain the etiology of metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to analyze the level of DNA methylation of several lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-promoter-CpG dinucleotides in a CpG island region and relate this to the gene and protein expression levels in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from individuals with and without MetS. METHODS VAT samples were collected from laparoscopic surgical patients without and with MetS, and levels of LPL mRNA, LPL protein, and LPL DNA methylation were measured by qPCR, western blot, and pyrosequencing. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were analyzed. Individuals included in a subset underwent a dietary fat challenge test, and levels of postprandial triglycerides were determined. RESULTS We found higher levels of DNA methylation in MetS patients but lower gene expression and protein levels. There was a negative association between LPL methylation and LPL gene expression. We found a positive association between LPL methylation status and abnormalities of the metabolic profile and basal and postprandial triglycerides, whereas LPL gene expression was negatively associated with these abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that LPL methylation may be influenced by the degree of metabolic disturbances and could be involved in triglyceride metabolism, promoting hypertriglyceridemia and subsequent associated disorders, such as MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Alcaide-Torres
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno-Santos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Red de Investigación Cardiovascular (RIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña
- Unidad de Cirugía Metabólica, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Gluckman
- Unidad de Cirugía Metabólica, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain
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He D, Huang L, Xu Y, Pan X, Liu L. Computational analysis and enzyme assay of inhibitor response to disease single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipoprotein lipase. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2016; 14:1650028. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219720016500281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low-density lipoproteins. The enzyme has been established as an efficacious and safe therapeutic target for the management of obesity. Here, a systematic profile of the lipase inhibitor response of three anti-obesity agents (Orlistat, Lipstatin, and Cetilistat) to clinical LPL missense mutations arising from disease single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was established by integrating complex structure modeling, virtual mutagenesis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding energy analysis, and radiolabeled TG hydrolysis assays. The profile was then used to characterize the resistance and sensitivity of systematic mutation–inhibitor pairs. It is suggested that the Orlistat and Lipstatin have a similar response profile to the investigated mutations due to their homologous chemical structures, but exhibit a distinct profile to that of Cetilistat. Most mutations were predicted to have a modest or moderate effect on inhibitor binding; they are located far away from the enzyme active site and thus can only influence the binding limitedly. A number of mutations were found to sensitize or cause resistance for lipase inhibitors by directly interacting with the inhibitor ligands or by indirectly addressing allosteric effect on enzyme active site. Long-term MD simulations revealed a different noncovalent interaction network at the complex interfaces of Orlistat with wild-type LPL as well as its sensitized mutant H163R and resistant mutant I221T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan, University, No. 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan, University, No. 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan, University, No. 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Xiaoliang Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, No.28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an 343009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan, University, No. 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an 343009, China
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17
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Chen H, Jia J, Ni Z, Vastermark A, Wu B, Le Y, Jawad U. Orlistat response to missense mutations in lipoprotein lipase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:464-470. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayou Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of California at San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Jinru Jia
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Ake Vastermark
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of California at San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Bangguo Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Le
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Ullah Jawad
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang People's Republic of China
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18
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Update on the molecular biology of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:143-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Li YX, Han TT, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Liu W, Hu YM. Insulin resistance caused by lipotoxicity is related to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in LPL gene knockout heterozygous mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:276-82. [PMID: 25635326 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of hypertriglyceridemia with abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. METHODS Lipid and glucose metabolism, whole-body and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, genes and proteins related with oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were compared between LPL+/- and control mice at different weeks of age. RESULTS 16-50-week LPL+/- mice had increased body weight compared with their respective controls. Fat mass in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 16 and 28-week LPL+/- mice were twice more than their control littermates, and 50-week LPL+/- mice showed the same trend of increase. Plasma lipids were higher in 16-50-week LPL+/- mice. 28- and 50-week LPL+/- mice had elevated tissue lipid accumulation (liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas) and impaired glucose tolerance, while 16-week LPL+/- mice showed no differences. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for 28 and 50-week LPL+/- mice were twofold greater, whereas that for 16-week LPL+/- mice had no change. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) in VAT of 28-week LPL+/- mice decreased by 80.6% (p = 0.001), and that in liver and skeletal muscle decreased by 62.4% (P < 0.001) and 51.8% (p = 0.005) respectively. Then we found that plasma malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels in liver and skeletal muscle of LPL+/- mice were elevated. Increased ER stress biomarkers were also detected in liver and VAT of 28-week LPL+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Systemic LPL deletion results in impaired glucose tolerance, whole-body and tissue-specific insulin resistance, which is associated with tissue lipid deposition in various insulin target tissues. Furthermore, the activation of oxidative stress and ER stress may play an important role in the development of tissue-specific and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Yao-Min Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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20
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Lipoprotein lipase as a candidate target for cancer prevention/therapy. Biochem Res Int 2011; 2012:398697. [PMID: 22028972 PMCID: PMC3199119 DOI: 10.1155/2012/398697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that serum triglyceride (TG) levels are linked with risk of development of cancer, including colorectal and pancreatic cancers, and their precancerous lesions. Thus, it is assumed that serum TG plays an important role in carcinogenesis, and the key enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of plasma TG, may therefore be involved. Dysregulation of LPL has been reported to contribute to many human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chylomicronaemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that LPL gene deficiency, such as due to chromosome 8p22 loss, LPL gene polymorphism, and epigenetic changes in its promoter region gene, increases cancer risk, especially in the prostate. In animal experiments, high serum TG levels seem to promote sporadic/carcinogen-induced genesis of colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Interestingly, tumor suppressive effects of LPL inducers, such as PPAR ligands, NO-1886, and indomethacin, have been demonstrated in animal models. Moreover, recent evidence that LPL plays important roles in inflammation and obesity implies that it is an appropriate general target for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
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21
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Ikeda K, Mutoh M, Teraoka N, Nakanishi H, Wakabayashi K, Taguchi R. Increase of oxidant-related triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines in serum and small intestinal mucosa during development of intestinal polyp formation in Min mice. Cancer Sci 2010; 102:79-87. [PMID: 20946475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have shown a positive association of a high-fat diet with the risk of colon cancer. Indeed, increments in the serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterols are positively related with colon carcinogenesis. We previously reported that an age-dependent hyperlipidemic state is characteristic of Min mice, an animal model for human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, qualitative and quantitative changes of lipid metabolism are poorly understood in this state. Here, we provide detailed analysis of serum lipids in Min mice using reverse-phased liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS). We also demonstrate local analysis of lipid droplets in the villi of the small intestine using laser capture microdissection and a sensitive chip-based nanoESI-MS system. As a result, oxidized phosphatidylcholines (PC) such as aldehyde and carboxylic acid types were increased, even at an early stage of intestinal polyp formation in serum. In addition, hydroperoxidizable TG precursors containing linoleic acid (18:2n-6) were deposited at the tip of the villi with aging, and these hydroperoxidized TG were also increased in serum. Meanwhile, increments of the oxidizable TG precursors in serum and small intestinal mucosa were suppressed by treatment with pitavastatin, a novel third generation lipophilic statin. These results suggest that quantitative and qualitative lipid changes such as hydroperoxidizable TG precursors are important in the course of intestinal polyp formation and oxidative stress might lead to the development of intestinal polyp formation in Min mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Ding YL, Wang YH, Huang W, Liu G, Ross C, Hayden MR, Yang JK. Glucose intolerance and decreased early insulin response in mice with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:40-6. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the key features of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes, caused by the overproduction and/or decreased clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, and significantly promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes. However, the effect of severe HTG on glucose metabolism has not previously been determined. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency results in severe HTG in humans. By using LPL-deficient mice with severe HTG, we assessed the impact of severe HTG on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the present study. While young LPL-deficient mice (4 months of age) showed higher fasting blood glucose (7.42 ± 0.84 versus 4.8 ± 0.80 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and lower insulin concentrations (0.16 ± 0.03 versus 0.48 ± 0.14 ng/mL, P < 0.05), old mice (12 months of age) had higher insulin (1.70 ± 0.35 versus 0.77 ± 0.04 ng/mL, P < 0.05) but normal fasting blood glucose concentrations. Both young and old mice had elevated free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and exhibited decreased early insulin response; however, only old mice showed impaired glucose tolerance, as compared with wild-type mice of a similar age. Morphological assessment showed enlarged islets in old LPL-deficient mice. These findings suggest that different tests for glucose homeostasis may be needed for patients with LPL deficiency and severe HTG, even though their glucose concentrations are normal at initial screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Colin Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730
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Mutoh M, Komiya M, Teraoka N, Ueno T, Takahashi M, Kitahashi T, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor and lipid accumulation in intestinal polyps in Min mice. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2505-10. [PMID: 19544529 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Apc-deficient Min mice feature low expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), high concentration of serum triglyceride (TG), fatty change of the liver and large numbers of intestinal polyps. We have reported that induction of LPL expression reduces serum lipid, especially TG, improves fatty change of the liver and inhibits intestinal polyp formation in the mice. In this study, fatty change/lipid accumulation in intestinal mucosa and polyps in Min mice were analyzed by Oil-red O staining and electron microscopy. A number of large lipid droplets were found in the epithelia of the upper part of polyps. On the other hand, small lipid droplets were only slightly observed at the tip of the villi in non-tumoros parts of the small intestine of Min mice and in the villi of wild-type mice. Moreover, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was overexpressed in the area where lipid droplets were observed. The expression levels of LDLR mRNA in the intestinal polyps of Min mice were approximately 3 times higher compared to those in the non-tumoros parts. Remarkable expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was mainly distributed in stromal cells and some in epithelial cells. It is speculated that lipid accumulation in the intestinal polyps may play an important role in intestinal polyp formation in Apc-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Mutoh
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme produced by many tissues, including adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, islets, and macrophages. LPL is the rate-limiting enzyme for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). LPL-catalyzed reaction products, fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol are in part taken up by the tissues locally and processed differentially; e.g., they are stored as neutral lipids in adipose tissue, oxidized, or stored in skeletal and cardiac muscle or as cholesteryl ester and TG in macrophages. LPL is regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels in a tissue-specific manner. Nutrient states and hormonal levels all have divergent effects on the regulation of LPL, and a variety of proteins that interact with LPL to regulate its tissue-specific activity have also been identified. To examine this divergent regulation further, transgenic and knockout murine models of tissue-specific LPL expression have been developed. Mice with overexpression of LPL in skeletal muscle accumulate TG in muscle, develop insulin resistance, are protected from excessive weight gain, and increase their metabolic rate in the cold. Mice with LPL deletion in skeletal muscle have reduced TG accumulation and increased insulin action on glucose transport in muscle. Ultimately, this leads to increased lipid partitioning to other tissues, insulin resistance, and obesity. Mice with LPL deletion in the heart develop hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac dysfunction. The fact that the heart depends increasingly on glucose implies that free fatty acids are not a sufficient fuel for optimal cardiac function. Overall, LPL is a fascinating enzyme that contributes in a pronounced way to normal lipoprotein metabolism, tissue-specific substrate delivery and utilization, and the many aspects of obesity and other metabolic disorders that relate to energy balance, insulin action, and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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25
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XIONG SHUANGLI, LI ANLIN, JIN ZHENGYU, CHEN MING. EFFECTS OF ORAL CHONDROITIN SULFATE ON LIPID AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISMS IN RATS FED A HIGH-FAT DIET. J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mutoh M, Niho N, Wakabayashi K. Concomitant suppression of hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation by increasing lipoprotein lipase activity in Apc-deficient mice. Biol Chem 2006; 387:381-5. [PMID: 16606335 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologically, a high-fat diet is associated with the risk of colon cancer. In addition, serum levels of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol have been demonstrated to be positively associated with colon carcinogenesis. We recently found that an age-dependent hyperlipidemic state (high serum TG levels) exists in Apc-deficient mice, an animal model for human familial adenomatous polyposis. The mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which catalyzes TG hydrolysis, were shown to be downregulated in the liver and intestines of mice. Moreover, treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist, bezafibrate, or a PPARgamma agonist, pioglitazone, suppressed both hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in the mice, with induction of LPL mRNA. PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists are reported to exert anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in cancer cells. One compound that also increases LPL expression levels but does not possess PPAR agnostic activity is NO-1886. When given at 400 or 800 ppm in the diet, it suppresses both hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in Apc-deficient mice, with elevation of LPL mRNA. In conclusion, a decrease in serum lipid levels by increasing LPL activity may contribute to a reduction in intestinal polyp formation with Apc deficiency. PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists, as well as NO-1886, could be useful as chemopreventive agents for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Mutoh
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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27
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Jakel H, Nowak M, Helleboid-Chapman A, Fruchart-Najib J, Fruchart JC. Is apolipoprotein A5 a novel regulator of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins? Ann Med 2006; 38:2-10. [PMID: 16448983 DOI: 10.1080/07853890500407488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and is often associated with diabetes, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome. Recently, apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) was identified as a novel member of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster. Data from mice over-expressing or lacking APOA5 provide direct evidence that this apolipoprotein plays a role in triglyceride metabolism. Moreover, plasma triglyceride levels were found to be strongly associated with APOA5 polymorphisms. The human APOA5 gene is regulated by transcription factors known to affect triglyceride metabolism such as PPARa, RORa, LXR and SREBP-1c and this supports its function. Insulin and interleukins regulate APOA5 gene expression and provide novel clues for the role of this apolipoprotein. To date, the triglyceride lowering action of apoA-V is attributed to the activation of lipoprotein lipase and an acceleration of very low density lipoprotein catabolism. Recent findings indicate that APOA5 could also influence cholesterol homeostasis and probably play a role in hypertriglyceridemia associated with diabetes and inflammation. This review aims to give a comprehensive summary of the current literature and supports the view that APOA5 plays a relevant role in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidelinde Jakel
- Département d'Athérosclérose, UR545 INSERM, Université de Lille II, Loos, France
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Hubacek JA. Apolipoprotein A5 and triglyceridemia. Focus on the effects of the common variants. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43:897-902. [PMID: 16176166 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2005.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of triglycerides are an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a new member of the apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, found by comparative sequencing analysis. The importance of the APOA5 gene for determination of plasma triglyceride levels has been suggested by the creation of transgenic and knock-out mice (transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced triglycerides, whereas knock-out mice had a high level of triglycerides). It has now been clearly established that distinct polymorphisms in the APOA5 gene consistently influence plasma triglycerides in a wide range of human populations, although some differences between ethnic groups and males and females were described. The possible roles of APOA5 variants in determining the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease development, as well as in the determination of low-density lipoprotein-particle size or plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Niho N, Mutoh M, Takahashi M, Tsutsumi K, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Concurrent suppression of hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation by NO-1886, increasing lipoprotein lipase activity in Min mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:2970-4. [PMID: 15710887 PMCID: PMC549478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500153102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a hyperlipidemic state in two strains of Apc-deficient mice, Min and Apc(1309), associated with low expression levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver and small intestine, and enforced induction of LPL mRNA by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARgamma agonists clearly suppressed hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation in these mice. Meanwhile, a compound, NO-1886, has been shown to increase LPL mRNA and protein levels but not to possess PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonistic activity. In this study, therefore, the effects of NO-1886 on hyperlipidemia and intestinal polyp formation were investigated in Min mice. Administration of 400 and 800 ppm NO-1886 in the diet for 13 weeks from 7 weeks of age caused a reduction of serum triglycerides to 39% and 31% of the untreated value, respectively, and the values for very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were improved almost to the wild-type level with a corresponding elevation of the LPL mRNA. Moreover, total numbers of intestinal polyps in the groups receiving NO-1886 at 400 and 800 ppm were decreased to 48% and 42% of the control value, respectively. We also found that NO-1886 suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional promoter activity in a reporter gene assay and reduced cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA levels in the small intestine of Min mice. These results indicate that suppression of serum lipid levels by increasing LPL activity may contribute to a reduction of intestinal polyp formation with Apc-deficiency, and NO-1886 and its derivatives could be useful as chemopreventive agents for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Niho
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Hubacek JA, Skodová Z, Adámková V, Lánská V, Poledne R. The influence of APOAV polymorphisms (T-1131>C and S19>W) on plasma triglyceride levels and risk of myocardial infarction. Clin Genet 2004; 65:126-30. [PMID: 14984471 DOI: 10.1111/j.0009-9163.2004.00199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of an APOAV gene for plasma triglyceride level determination has been shown on transgenic and knockout mice. We examined whether APOAV variants are associated with plasma triglyceride levels and risk of myocardial infarction (MI). We have evaluated the influence of APOAV polymorphisms (T-1131>C and S19>W) on plasma triglycerides in 1191 males and 1368 females representatively selected from the Czech population. Triglycerides have been analysed in 1997 and 2001. Subsequently, we have analysed the genotype frequencies of the APOAV polymorphism in 435 patients with MI. T-1131>C variation in the APOAV gene affects the plasma triglyceride showing a higher level in C-1131 carriers than in T/T-1131 homozygotes. This association has been observed both in males and females (p < 0.001). Similarly, plasma triglycerides were also significantly influenced by the S19>W APOAV genotypes. In both males and females, the W19 carriers have triglycerides significantly (p < 0.001) higher compared to the S19 homozygotes. In a group of MI patients, the frequency of the rare homozygotes for at least one APOAV polymorphism (C/C-1131 and/or W/W19) was significantly higher than that in the population sample (7.4 vs 2.0%, p < 0.00001). We conclude that variations in the APOAV gene not only play a role in genetic determination of triglyceride levels but also could influence risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Solini A, Passaro A, Fioretto P, Nannipieri M, Ferrannini E. Lipoprotein lipase gene variants and progression of nephropathy in hypercholesterolaemic patients with type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2004; 256:30-6. [PMID: 15189363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent prospective studies have identified hyperlipidaemia as an independent determinant of diabetic nephropathy. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in the postprandial processing of triglycerides and VLDL. Among a number of common sequence variants of the LPL, HindIII has been associated with coronary heart disease and, more recently, with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the progression of renal disease in hypercholesterolaemic type 2 diabetic patients in relation to this polymorphism. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS We followed up for 4 years 65 consecutively enrolled microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes; of whom 28 had hypercholesterolaemia (6.62 +/- 0.9 mmol L(-1), group A) and 37 were normocholesterolaemic (4.68 +/- 0.5 mmol L(-1), group B). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES After performing the genetic analyses, albumin excretion rate (AER) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), calculated by the simplified equation of the MDRD Study Group, were repeated every year. RESULTS In group A, AER increased more (deltaAER: 11 [38] vs. 4 [18] microg min(-1) per year in group B, P < 0.0001) while GFR declined faster (-3.5 +/- 2.1 vs. -2.0 +/- 1.4 mL min(-1) per year, P < 0.02). Patients homozygous for the allele + of HindIII showed a significantly faster decline of GFR and a higher increase of AER (both P = 0.0001) even after adjustment for cholesterol levels and anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS In hypercholesterolaemic type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, the renal disease has an accelerated course, particularly in those carrying the H+/H+ genotype of the HindIII polymorphism at the LPL locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene have been associated with lipoprotein phenotypes and vascular disease risk. We studied the association between LPL cSNPs and a novel noninvasive measure of disease, namely, cross-sectional carotid plaque area (CPA) on B-mode ultrasound. METHODS Four hundred fifty-two patients from an atherosclerosis prevention clinic had determinations of baseline and total CPA. Traditional atherosclerosis risk factors were recorded, and the LPL D9N, N291S, and S447X cSNPs were genotyped. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify determinants of CPA. RESULTS Minor allele frequencies for LPL D9N, N291S, and S447X were 2.8%, 0.9%, and 4.4%, respectively. There were no significant between-genotype differences in treated fasting lipids. The LPL D9N genotype was a significant predictor of both baseline CPA (P=0.008) and plaque progression from baseline to 1 year later (P=0.001). Heterozygotes for the N9 allele had higher mean baseline CPA and plaque progression than did LPL D9/D9 homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS LPL D9N genotype may be a determinant of atherosclerosis as estimated by static baseline CPA and by progression of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Preiss-Landl K, Zimmermann R, Hämmerle G, Zechner R. Lipoprotein lipase: the regulation of tissue specific expression and its role in lipid and energy metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002; 13:471-81. [PMID: 12352010 DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200210000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the physiological role of lipoprotein lipase in lipid and energy metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level of lipoprotein lipase expression have provided new insights into the complex mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of the enzyme. Additionally a large body of evidence from both human studies and animal models suggests that the level of lipoprotein lipase expression in a given tissue is the rate limiting process for the uptake of triglyceride derived fatty acids. Imbalances in the partitioning of fatty acids among peripheral tissues have major metabolic consequences. For example, in mice both decreased lipoprotein lipase activities in adipose tissue and increased activity in muscle are associated with resistance to obesity; lack of lipoprotein lipase activity in macrophages is correlated with a decreased susceptibility to develop atherosclerotic lesions and overexpression of the enzyme in muscle is associated with increased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. SUMMARY Considering the central role of lipoprotein lipase in energy metabolism it is a reasonable goal to discover and develop new drugs that affect the tissue specific expression pattern of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Preiss-Landl
- Institute of Molecular Bioloogy, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Karl-Frasnzens-University, Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31a, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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