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D’Annunzio V, Donato M, Buchholz B, Pérez V, Miksztowicz V, Berg G, Gelpi RJ. High cholesterol diet effects on ischemia–reperfusion injury of the heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1185-96. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbi-mortality in developed countries. Both ischemia–reperfusion injury and mechanisms of cardioprotection have been studied for more than 50 years. It is known that the physiopathological mechanism of myocardial ischemia involves several factors that are closely related to its development, of which hypercholesterolemia is one of the main ones. Therefore, the objective of this review was to elucidate the effects of a high-cholesterol diet on normal ventricular function and ischemia–reperfusion injury associated phenomenon such as post-ischemic ventricular dysfunction (stunned myocardium). Although there exist many studies considering several aspects of this physiopathological entity, the majority were carried out on normal animals. Thus, experiments carried out on hypercholesterolemic models are controversial, in particular those evaluating different mechanisms of cardioprotection such as ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, and cardioprotection granted by drugs such as statins, which apart from exerting a lipid-lowering effect, exert pleiotropic effects providing cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion injury. These controversial results concerning the mechanisms of cardioprotection vary according to quality, composition, and time of administration of the high-cholesterol diet, as well as the species used in each experiment. Thus, to compare the results it is necessary to take all of these variables into account, since they can change the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica D’Annunzio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2nd floor – 950 J.E Uriburu, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2nd floor – 950 J.E Uriburu, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina
| | - Bruno Buchholz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2nd floor – 950 J.E Uriburu, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina
| | - Virginia Pérez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2nd floor – 950 J.E Uriburu, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Institute of Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Lipids and Lipoproteins Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Institute of Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Lipids and Lipoproteins Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J. Gelpi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2nd floor – 950 J.E Uriburu, Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina
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