Abstract
Cardiovascular devices such as coronary artery stents, ventricular assist devices, pacemakers, automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and septal closure devices are life saving and improve quality of life for millions of patients each year. Complications of these devices include thrombosis/thromboembolism, infection, structural failure and adverse material-tissue interactions. These findings should be sought when these devices are encountered on the surgical pathology bench or at autopsy.
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