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Shao Y, Lan Y, Chai X, Gao S, Zheng J, Huang R, Shi Y, Xiang Y, Guo H, Xi Y, Yang L, Yang T. CXCL8 induces M2 macrophage polarization and inhibits CD8 + T cell infiltration to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23173. [PMID: 37665572 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201982rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms within tumor microenvironment (TME). Undoubtedly, the anti-tumor immune cells play an indispensable role in immune tolerance. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate novel immune-related factors that have the capacity to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Here, we employed bioinformatic analysis using R and Cytoscape to identify the hub gene chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), which is overexpressed in CRC, in the malignant progression of CRC. However, its specific role of CXCL8 in CRC immunity remains to be elucidated. For this purpose, we evaluated how tumor-derived CXCL8 promotes M2 macrophage infiltration by in vivo and in vitro, which can be triggered by IL-1β within TME. Mechanistically, CXCL8-induced polarization of M2 macrophages depends on the activation of the STAT3 signaling. Finally, immunohistochemistry and multiplexed immunohistochemistry analysis identified that CXCL8 not only enhances PD-L1+ M2 macrophage infiltration but also attenuates the recruitment of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells in murine CRC models. Together, these findings emphasize the critical role for CXCL8 in promoting M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby links CXCL8 to the emergency of immunosuppressive microenvironment facilitating tumor evasion. Overall, these findings may provide novel strategy for CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyue Chai
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuhua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinxiu Zheng
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Orthpaedics, The Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLA 985 Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Casualty Management, The Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLA 985 Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Téllez T, Martin-García D, Redondo M, García-Aranda M. Clusterin Expression in Colorectal Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14641. [PMID: 37834086 PMCID: PMC10572822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer, behind only breast and lung cancer. In terms of overall mortality, it ranks second due to, among other factors, problems with screening programs, which means that one of the factors that directly impacts survival and treatment success is early detection of the disease. Clusterin (CLU) is a molecular chaperone that has been linked to tumorigenesis, cancer progression and resistance to anticancer treatments, which has made it a promising drug target. However, it is still necessary to continue this line of research and to adjust the situations in which its use is more favorable. The aim of this paper is to review the current genetic knowledge on the role of CLU in tumorigenesis and cancer progression in general, and discuss its possible use as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Téllez
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (T.T.); (D.M.-G.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Desirée Martin-García
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (T.T.); (D.M.-G.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (T.T.); (D.M.-G.)
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
| | - Marilina García-Aranda
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29602 Marbella, Spain
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Precision oncology in metastatic colorectal cancer - from biology to medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:506-525. [PMID: 33864051 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapies for patients with multiple cancer types, including melanoma, breast and lung tumours, although precision oncology for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to lag behind. Nonetheless, the availability of patient-derived CRC models coupled with in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and functional analyses over the past decade has finally led to advances in the field. Gene-specific alterations are not the only determinants that can successfully direct the use of targeted therapy. Indeed, successful inhibition of BRAF or KRAS in metastatic CRCs driven by activating mutations in these genes requires combinations of drugs that inhibit the mutant protein while at the same time restraining adaptive resistance via CRC-specific EGFR-mediated feedback loops. The emerging paradigm is, therefore, that the intrinsic biology of CRC cells must be considered alongside the molecular profiles of individual tumours in order to successfully personalize treatment. In this Review, we outline how preclinical studies based on patient-derived models have informed the design of practice-changing clinical trials. The integration of these experiences into a common framework will reshape the future design of biology-informed clinical trials in this field.
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Karki S, Umar S, Kasi A. Treating Colorectal Cancer with Immunotherapy: Implications for Single versus Combination Therapy. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2020; 16:107-117. [PMID: 33132786 PMCID: PMC7594761 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-020-00459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in the United States, with most metastatic cases subsequently turning refractory to standard chemotherapy. One of the promising current interventions is immunotherapy that relies on harnessing the body's immune mechanisms to kill the cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight the implications of single versus combination immunotherapy and identify the molecular features and mutations that enhance or deter responsiveness. RECENT FINDINGS Based on current findings, responsiveness is associated with deficiency of mismatch repair (dMMR) genes or presence of microsatellite instability (MSI-high), with high immunoscore and tumor-mutational burden contributing to better efficacy while BRAF mutation conferring no significant effect. Combination immunotherapy demonstrates better efficacy in treating MSI-high CRC compared to single agent immunotherapy or chemotherapy. SUMMARY Given improved responsiveness and overall survival, there is potential for immunotherapy to change the standard of care for metastatic CRC. Furthermore, stratifying the patients by their molecular features and mutation status is critical for establishing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophiya Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Surgery, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
| | - Anup Kasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
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Franke AJ, Skelton WP, Starr JS, Parekh H, Lee JJ, Overman MJ, Allegra C, George TJ. Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Current and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1131-1141. [PMID: 31322663 PMCID: PMC6855933 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although immunotherapy has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for many advanced cancers, the benefit in CRC has thus far been limited to patients with microsatellite instability high (MSI-H):DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors. Recent studies in the refractory CRC setting have led to US Food and Drug Administration approvals for pembrolizumab as well as nivolumab (with or without ipilimumab) for tumors harboring an MSI-H:dMMR molecular profile. Several randomized controlled trials are underway to move immunotherapy into the frontline for metastatic cancer (with or without chemotherapy) and the adjuvant setting. Awareness of these studies is critical given the relatively low incidence (approximately 3%-5%) of MSI-H:dMMR in advanced or metastatic CRC to support study completion, because the results could be potentially practice changing. The real challenge in this disease is related to demonstrating the benefit of immunotherapy for the vast majority of patients with CRC not harboring MSI-H:dMMR. Given the rapid pace of scientific changes, this article provides a narrative review regarding the current landscape of immunotherapy for CRC. Particular attention is paid to the currently available data that inform today's clinical practice along with upcoming randomized controlled trials that may soon dramatically change the treatment landscape for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J George
- Correspondence to: Thomas J. George, MD, FACP, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Florida, PO Box 100278, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610–0278 (e-mail: )
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Pistamaltzian NF, Perez SA, Baxevanis CN. Reinstating endogenous antitumor immunity: The concept of therapeutic management of cancer. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/fco-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Strong evidence points to the role of cancer immunoediting and tumor immune infiltrates in regulating cancer progression. By understanding the immune tumor microenvironment, we can now target key pathways that suppress endogenous antitumor responses, thereby re-instating such immune responses and identifying novel targets for immune therapies. Therapies targeting oncogenic pathways and checkpoint blockades turn on a new paradigm shift in immune-therapy for cancer with remarkable clinical efficacy seen in various malignancies. However, a lot of cancer patients will fail to respond and therefore, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers to predict who of the patients will most likely benefit from these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos F. Pistamaltzian
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
- MITERA Hospital, Maroussi, Greece
| | - Sonia A. Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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