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Banerjee P, Senapati S. Translational Utility of Organoid Models for Biomedical Research on Gastrointestinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1441-1458. [PMID: 38758462 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Organoid models have recently been utilized to study 3D human-derived tissue systems to uncover tissue architecture and adult stem cell biology. Patient-derived organoids unambiguously provide the most suitable in vitro system to study disease biology with the actual genetic background. With the advent of much improved and innovative approaches, patient-derived organoids can potentially be used in regenerative medicine. Various human tissues were explored to develop organoids due to their multifold advantage over the conventional in vitro cell line culture approach and in vivo models. Gastrointestinal (GI) tissues have been widely studied to establish organoids and organ-on-chip for screening drugs, nutraceuticals, and other small molecules having therapeutic potential. The function of channel proteins, transporters, and transmembrane proteins was also explained. The successful application of genome editing in organoids using the CRISPR-Cas approach has been reported recently. GI diseases such as Celiac disease (CeD), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and common GI cancers have been investigated using several patient-derived organoid models. Recent advancements on organoid bio-banking and 3D bio-printing contributed significantly in personalized disease management and therapeutics. This article reviews the available literature on investigations and translational applications of patient-derived GI organoid models, notably on elucidating gut-microbial interaction and epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Banerjee
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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2
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Di Cristo L, Sabella S. Cell Cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface and Their Application in Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:41-64. [PMID: 37202611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures are considered a valid tool for the replacement of animals in biomedical research. By mimicking crucial features of the human in vivo epithelial barriers (e.g., lung, intestine, and skin), ALI cell cultures enable proper structural architectures and differentiated functions of normal and diseased tissue barriers. Thereby, ALI models realistically resemble tissue conditions and provide in vivo-like responses. Since their implementation, they are routinely used in several applications, from toxicity testing to cancer research, receiving an appreciable level of acceptance (in some cases a regulatory acceptance) as attractive testing alternatives to animals. In this chapter, an overview of the ALI cell cultures will be presented together with their application in cancer cell culture, highlighting the potential advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sabella
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
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3
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Ong LJY, Chia S, Wong SQR, Zhang X, Chua H, Loo JM, Chua WY, Chua C, Tan E, Hentze H, Tan IB, DasGupta R, Toh YC. A comparative study of tumour-on-chip models with patient-derived xenografts for predicting chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:952726. [PMID: 36147524 PMCID: PMC9488115 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-patient and intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) have prompted the need for a more personalised approach to cancer therapy. Although patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models can generate drug response specific to patients, they are not sustainable in terms of cost and time and have limited scalability. Tumour Organ-on-Chip (OoC) models are in vitro alternatives that can recapitulate some aspects of the 3D tumour microenvironment and can be scaled up for drug screening. While many tumour OoC systems have been developed to date, there have been limited validation studies to ascertain whether drug responses obtained from tumour OoCs are comparable to those predicted from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In this study, we established a multiplexed tumour OoC device, that consists of an 8 × 4 array (32-plex) of culture chamber coupled to a concentration gradient generator. The device enabled perfusion culture of primary PDX-derived tumour spheroids to obtain dose-dependent response of 5 distinct standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapeutic drugs for 3 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The in vitro efficacies of the chemotherapeutic drugs were rank-ordered for individual patients and compared to the in vivo efficacy obtained from matched PDX models. We show that quantitative correlation analysis between the drug efficacies predicted via the microfluidic perfusion culture is predictive of response in animal PDX models. This is a first study showing a comparative framework to quantitatively correlate the drug response predictions made by a microfluidic tumour organ-on-chip (OoC) model with that of PDX animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jun Ye Ong
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shumei Chia
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Qi Rong Wong
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huiwen Chua
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yong Chua
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarinda Chua
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emile Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannes Hentze
- Experimental, Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ramanuj DasGupta, ; Yi-Chin Toh,
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ramanuj DasGupta, ; Yi-Chin Toh,
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4
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Parseh B, Khosravi A, Fazel A, Ai J, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Verdi J, Shahbazi M. 3-Dimensional Model to Study Apoptosis Induction of Activated Natural Killer Cells Conditioned Medium Using Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895284. [PMID: 35721501 PMCID: PMC9204536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that can kill tumor cells via different pathways, including the secretion of cytotoxic granules in immunological synapses and the binding of apoptosis-inducing ligands with cognate death receptors on tumor cells. These ligands are also soluble in NK cells conditioned medium (NK-CM). However, novel preclinical in vitro models are required for solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate apoptosis induction of activated NK-CM in a tissue-like structure. In the present study, we established a patient-derived CRC organoid culture system as a new tool for CRC research in the last decade. Tumor organoids were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and compared with the original tumor taken from the patient. Goblet cell differentiation and mucus secretion were evaluated using periodic acid–Schiff and alcian blue histochemical staining. Moreover, tumor organoids were stained for CDX2 and Ki67 markers with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to investigate gastrointestinal origin and proliferation. Histopathological evaluations indicated tumor organoids represent patient tumor characteristics. Primary NK cells were isolated and characterized using CD56 marker expression and the lack of the CD3 marker. Flow cytometry results showed the purity of isolated CD3−and CD56 + NK cells about 93%. After further ex vivo expansion, IL-2-activated NK-CM was collected. Secretions of IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured to characterize activated NK-CM. Cytokines levels were significantly elevated in comparison to the control group. Soluble forms of apoptosis-inducing ligands, including TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and FasL, were detected by western blot assay. Colon cancer organoids were treated by IL-2-activated NK-CM. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and quantified by flow cytometry. In conclusion, despite the activated NK-CM containing apoptosis-inducing ligands, these ligands’ soluble forms failed to induce apoptosis in patient-derived colon cancer organoids. Nevertheless, we report a reliable in vitro assessment platform in a personalized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyamin Parseh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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5
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Gheytanchi E, Naseri M, Karimi-Busheri F, Atyabi F, Mirsharif ES, Bozorgmehr M, Ghods R, Madjd Z. Morphological and molecular characteristics of spheroid formation in HT-29 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:204. [PMID: 33849536 PMCID: PMC8042991 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relapse and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) are often attributed to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), as small sub-population of tumor cells with ability of drug resistance. Accordingly, development of appropriate models to investigate CSCs biology and establishment of effective therapeutic strategies is warranted. Hence, we aimed to assess the capability of two widely used and important colorectal cancer cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2, in generating spheroids and their detailed morphological and molecular characteristics. Methods CRC spheroids were developed using hanging drop and forced floating in serum-free and non-attachment conditions and their morphological features were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the potential of CSCs enrichment in spheroids was compared to their adherent counterparts by analysis of serial sphere formation capacity, real-time PCR of key stemness genes (KLF4, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, C-MYC) and the expression of potential CRC-CSCs surface markers (CD166, CD44, and CD133) by flow cytometry. Finally, the expression level of some EMT-related (Vimentin, SNAIL1, TWIST1, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, ZEB1) and multi-drug resistant (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2) genes was evaluated. Results Although with different morphological features, both cell lines were formed CSCs-enriched spheroids, indicated by ability to serial sphere formation, significant up-regulation of stemness genes, SOX2, C-MYC, NANOG and OCT4 in HT-29 and SOX2, C-MYC and KLF4 in Caco-2 spheroids (p-value < 0.05) and increased expression of CRC-CSC markers compared to parental cells (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, HT-29 spheroids exhibited a significant higher expression of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 (p-value = 0.02). The significant up-regulation of promoting EMT genes, ZEB1, TWIST1, E-cadherin and SNAIL1 in HT-29 spheroids (p-value = 0.03), SNAIL1 and Vimentin in Caco-2 spheroids (p-value < 0.05) and N-cadherin down-regulation in both spheroids were observed. Conclusion Enrichment of CSC-related features in HT-29 and Caco-2 (for the first time without applying special scaffold/biochemical) spheroids, suggests spheroid culture as robust, reproducible, simple and cost-effective model to imitate the complexity of in vivo tumors including self-renewal, drug resistance and invasion for in vitro research of CRC-CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Samy KE, Levy ES, Phong K, Demaree B, Abate AR, Desai TA. Human intestinal spheroids cultured using Sacrificial Micromolding as a model system for studying drug transport. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9936. [PMID: 31289365 PMCID: PMC6616551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of the small intestine are crucial tools for the prediction of drug absorption. The Caco-2 monolayer transwell model has been widely employed to assess drug absorption across the intestine. However, it is now well-established that 3D in vitro models capture tissue-specific architecture and interactions with the extracellular matrix and therefore better recapitulate the complex in vivo environment. However, these models need to be characterized for barrier properties and changes in gene expression and transporter function. Here, we report that geometrically controlled self-assembling multicellular intestinal Caco-2 spheroids cultured using Sacrificial Micromolding display reproducible intestinal features and functions that are more representative of the in vivo small intestine than the widely used 2D transwell model. We show that Caco-2 cell maturation and differentiation into the intestinal epithelial phenotype occur faster in spheroids and that they are viable for a longer period of time. Finally, we were able to invert the polarity of the spheroids by culturing them around Matrigel beads allowing superficial access to the apical membrane and making the model more physiological. This robust and reproducible in vitro intestinal model could serve as a valuable system to expedite drug screening as well as to study intestinal transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Samy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Levy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiet Phong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Demaree
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Yin YB, de Jonge HR, Wu X, Yin YL. Enteroids for Nutritional Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801143. [PMID: 30883003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional studies are greatly hampered by a paucity of proper models. Previous studies on nutrition have employed conventional cell lines and animal models to gain a better understanding of the field. These models lack certain correlations with human physiological responses, which impede their applications in this field. Enteroids are cultured from intestinal stem cells and include enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and stem cells, which mimic hallmarks of in vivo epithelium and support long-term culture without genetic or physiological changes. Enteroids have been used as models to study the effects of diet and nutrients on intestinal growth and development, ion and nutrient transport, secretory and absorption functions, the intestinal barrier, and location-specific functions of the intestine. In this review, the existing models for nutritional studies are discussed and the importance of enteroids as a new model for nutritional studies is highlighted. Taken together, it is suggested that enteroids can serve as a potential model system to be exploited in nutritional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
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8
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Short SP, Thompson JJ, Bilotta AJ, Chen X, Revetta FL, Washington MK, Williams CS. Serine Threonine Kinase 17A Maintains the Epithelial State in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:882-894. [PMID: 30655319 PMCID: PMC6941354 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine threonine kinase 17A (STK17A) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase originally identified as a regulator of apoptosis; however, whether it functionally contributes to colorectal cancer has not been established. Here, we have analyzed STK17A in colorectal cancer and demonstrated decreased expression of STK17A in primary tumors, which is further reduced in metastatic lesions, indicating a potential role in regulating the metastatic cascade. Interestingly, changes in STK17A expression did not modify proliferation, apoptosis, or sensitivity of colorectal cancer cell lines to treatment with the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil. Instead, STK17A knockdown induced a robust mesenchymal phenotype consistent with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, including spindle-like cell morphology, decreased expression of adherens junction proteins, and increased migration and invasion. Additionally, overexpression of STK17A decreased cell size and induced widespread membrane blebbing, a phenotype often associated with activation of cell contractility. Indeed, STK17A-overexpressing cells displayed heightened phosphorylation of myosin light chain in a manner dependent on STK17A catalytic activity. Finally, patient-derived tumor organoid cultures were used to more accurately determine STK17A's effect in primary human tumor cells. Loss of STK17A induced morphologic changes, decreased E-cadherin, increased invasion, and augmented organoid attachment on 2D substrates, all together suggesting a more metastatic phenotype. Collectively, these data indicate a novel role for STK17A in the regulation of epithelial phenotypes and indicate its functional contribution to colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: Loss of serine threonine kinase 17A occurs in colorectal cancer metastasis, induces mesenchymal morphologies, and contributes to tumor cell invasion and migration in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua J Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Frank L Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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9
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Dzobo K, Rowe A, Senthebane DA, AlMazyadi MAM, Patten V, Parker MI. Three-Dimensional Organoids in Cancer Research: The Search for the Holy Grail of Preclinical Cancer Modeling. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:733-748. [PMID: 30571609 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most solid tumors become therapy resistant and will relapse, with no durable treatment option available. One major impediment to our understanding of cancer biology and finding innovative approaches to cancer treatment stems from the lack of better preclinical tumor models that address and explain tumor heterogeneity and person-to-person differences in therapeutic and toxic responses. Past cancer research has been driven by inadequate in vitro assays utilizing two-dimensional monolayers of cancer cells and animal models. Additionally, animal models do not truly mimic the original human tumor, are time consuming, and usually costly. New preclinical models are needed for innovation in cancer translational research. Hence, it is time to welcome the three-dimensional (3D) organoids: self-organizing cells grown in 3D culture systems mimicking the parent tissues from which the primary cells originate. The 3D organoids offer deeper insights into the crucial cellular processes in tissue and organ formation and pathological processes. Generation of near-perfect physiological microenvironments allow 3D organoids to couple with gene editing tools, such as the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 and the transcription activator-like effector nucleases to model human diseases, offering distinct advantages over current models. We explain in this expert review that through recapitulating patients' normal and tumor tissues, organoid technology can markedly advance personalized medicine and help reveal once hidden aspects of cancers. The use of defined tissue- or organ-specific matrices, among other factors, will likely allow organoid technology to realize its potential in innovating many fields of life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- 1 International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arielle Rowe
- 1 International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso A Senthebane
- 1 International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa .,2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mousa A M AlMazyadi
- 3 Al-Ahsa College of Medicine, King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria Patten
- 2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- 2 Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Mittal R, Woo FW, Castro CS, Cohen MA, Karanxha J, Mittal J, Chhibber T, Jhaveri VM. Organ‐on‐chip models: Implications in drug discovery and clinical applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8352-8380. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Frank W. Woo
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Carlo S. Castro
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Madeline A. Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Joana Karanxha
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Tanya Chhibber
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Vasanti M. Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
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