Replacing Pumps with Light Controlled Insulin Delivery

In vivo variable and multi-day response from an insulin-releasing photoactivated depot

Previously we have demonstrated that light can be used to control the release of insulin in diabetic animals, followed by a reduction in blood glucose. This is accomplished using a photoactivated depot (PAD) of insulin injected into the skin, and irradiated by a small external LED light source. In this work for the first time we demonstrate dose-response, showing that we can vary insulin release and commensurate blood glucose reduction by varying the amount of light administered. In addition to demonstrating dose-response, we have shown multi-day depot response, with insulin being released on two different days from the same depot. The material used in these studies was CD-insulin, a form of insulin that has a highly non-polar cyclododecyl group attached, markedly reducing the solubility of the modified material, and allowing it to form a depot upon injection. Upon photolysis, the cyclododecyl group is removed, releasing fully native, soluble insulin. Variable response and multi-day response as demonstrated strongly support the potential utility of the PAD approach for the variable and extended release of therapeutic peptides.

Recent Advances in Insulin Therapy

Insulin therapy has advanced remarkably over the past few decades. Ultra-rapid-acting and ultra-long-acting insulin analogs are now commercially available. Many additional insulin formulations are in development. This review outlines recent advances in insulin therapy and novel therapies in development.