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Salilew-Wondim D, Hoelker M, Held-Hoelker E, Rings F, Tholen E, Große-Brinkhaus C, Shellander K, Blaschka C, Besenfelder U, Havlicek V, Tesfaye D. Sexual dimorphic miRNA-mediated response of bovine elongated embryos to the maternal microenvironment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298835. [PMID: 38422042 PMCID: PMC10903816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A skewed male-to-female ratio in cattle is believed to be due to the biased embryo losses during pregnancy. The changes in biochemical secretion such as miRNAs by the embryo due to altered maternal environment could cause a sex biased selective implantation resulting in a skewed male to female ratio at birth. Nevertheless, it is still not clear whether the male and female embryos could modify their miRNA expression patterns differently in response to altered physiological developmental conditions. Therefore, this study was focused on identifying sex specific miRNA expression patterns induced in the embryo during the elongation period in response to the maternal environment. For this, in vitro produced day female and male embryos were transferred to Holsteins Frisian cows and heifers. The elongated female and male embryos were then recovered at day 13 of the gestation period. Total RNA including the miRNAs was isolated from each group of elongated embryo samples were subjected to the next generation miRNA sequencing. Sequence alignment, identification and quantification of miRNAs were done using the miRDeep2 software package and differential miRNA expression analyses were performed using the edgeR bioconductor package. The recovery rate of viable elongating embryos at day 13 of the gestation period was 26.6%. In cows, 2.8 more viable elongating male embryos were recovered than female embryos, while in heifers the sex ratio of the recovered elongating embryos was close to one (1.05). The miRNA analysis showed that 254 miRNAs were detected in both male and female elongated embryos developed either in cows or heifers, of which 14 miRNAs including bta-miR-10b, bta-miR-148a, bta-miR-26a, and bta-miR-30d were highly expressed. Moreover, the expression level of 32 miRNAs including bta-let-7c, bta-let-7b, bta-let-7g, bta-let-7d and bta-let-7e was significantly different between the male and female embryos developed in cows, but the expression level of only 4 miRNAs (bta-miR-10, bta-mR-100, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-6119-5p) was different between the male and female embryos that were developed in heifers. Furthermore, 19 miRNAs including those involved in cellular energy homeostasis pathways were differentially expressed between the male embryos developed in cows and heifers, but no significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were detected between the female embryos of cows and heifers. Thus, this study revealed that the sex ratio skewed towards males in embryos developed in cows was accompanied by increased embryonic sexual dimorphic miRNA expression divergence in embryos developed in cows compared to those developed in heifers. Moreover, male embryos are more sensitive to respond to the maternal reproductive microenvironment by modulating their miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Held-Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franca Rings
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Karl Shellander
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Blaschka
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Urban Besenfelder
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vita Havlicek
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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2
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Lam YT, Lee BSL, Hung J, Michael P, Santos M, Tan RP, Liu R, Wise SG. Delivery of Therapeutic miRNA via Plasma-Polymerised Nanoparticles Rescues Diabetes-Impaired Endothelial Function. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2360. [PMID: 37630945 PMCID: PMC10459051 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognised as key regulators of the development and progression of many diseases due to their ability to modulate gene expression post-translationally. While this makes them an attractive therapeutic target, clinical application of miRNA therapy remains at an early stage and in part is limited by the lack of effective delivery modalities. Here, we determined the feasibility of delivering miRNA using a new class of plasma-polymerised nanoparticles (PPNs), which we have recently isolated and characterised. We showed that PPN-miRNAs have no significant effect on endothelial cell viability in vitro in either normal media or in the presence of high-glucose conditions. Delivery of a miRNA inhibitor targeting miR-503 suppressed glucose-induced miR-503 upregulation and restored the downstream mRNA expression of CCNE1 and CDC25a in endothelial cells. Subsequently, PPN delivery of miR-503 inhibitors enhanced endothelial angiogenesis, including tubulogenesis and migration, in culture conditions that mimic diabetic ischemia. An intramuscular injection of a PPN-miR-503 inhibitor promoted blood-perfusion recovery in the hindlimb of diabetic mice following surgically induced ischemia, linked with an increase in new blood vessel formation. Together, this study demonstrates the effective use of PPN to deliver therapeutic miRNAs in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ting Lam
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Bob S. L. Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Juichien Hung
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Praveesuda Michael
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Santos
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Richard P. Tan
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Renjing Liu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Steven G. Wise
- Chronic Diseases Theme, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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3
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Brenu EW, Harris M, Hamilton-Williams EE. Circulating biomarkers during progression to type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117076. [PMID: 36817583 PMCID: PMC9935596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is defined in stages and clinical disease is preceded by a period of silent autoimmunity. Improved prediction of the risk and rate of progression to T1D is needed to reduce the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation as well as for staging participants for clinical trials. This systematic review evaluates novel circulating biomarkers associated with future progression to T1D. METHODS PubMed, Ovid, and EBSCO databases were used to identify a comprehensive list of articles. The eligibility criteria included observational studies that evaluated the usefulness of circulating markers in predicting T1D progression in at-risk subjects <20 years old. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were identified, seventeen were cohort studies and ten were case control studies. From the 26 studies, 5 found evidence for protein and lipid dysregulation, 11 identified molecular markers while 12 reported on changes in immune parameters during progression to T1D. An increased risk of T1D progression was associated with the presence of altered gene expression, immune markers including regulatory T cell dysfunction and higher short-lived effector CD8+ T cells in progressors. DISCUSSION Several circulating biomarkers are dysregulated before T1D diagnosis and may be useful in predicting either the risk or rate of progression to T1D. Further studies are required to validate these biomarkers and assess their predictive accuracy before translation into broader use. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42020166830).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekua W. Brenu
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- Endocrinology Department, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma E. Hamilton-Williams
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Emma E. Hamilton-Williams,
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4
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Progression of Type 1 Diabetes: Circulating MicroRNA Expression Profiles Changes from Preclinical to Overt Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2734490. [PMID: 35903753 PMCID: PMC9325579 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the potential biological involvement of miRNA expression in the immune response and beta cell function in T1D. Methods We screened 377 serum miRNAs of 110 subjects divided into four groups: healthy individuals (control group) and patients at different stages of T1D progression, from the initial immunological manifestation presenting islet autoantibodies (AbP group) until partial and strong beta cell damage in the recent (recent T1D group) and long-term T1D, with 2 to 5 years of disease (T1D 2-5y group). Results The results revealed 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in relation to controls. Several miRNAs were correlated with islet autoantibodies (IA2A, GADA, and Znt8A), age, and C-peptide levels, mainly from AbP, and recent T1D groups pointing these miRNAs as relevant to T1D pathogenesis and progression. Several miRNAs were related to metabolic derangements, inflammatory pathways, and several other autoimmune diseases. Pathway analysis of putative DEM targets revealed an enrichment in pathways related to metabolic syndrome, inflammatory response, apoptosis and insulin signaling pathways, metabolic derangements, and decreased immunomodulation. One of the miRNAs' gene targets was DYRK2 (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2), which is an autoantigen targeted by an antibody in T1D. ROC curve analysis showed hsa-miR-16 and hsa-miR-200a-3p with AUCs greater than for glucose levels, with discriminating power for T1D prediction greater than glucose levels. Conclusions/Interpretation. Our data suggests a potential influence of DEMs on disease progression from the initial autoimmune lesion up to severe beta cell dysfunction and the role of miRNAs hsa-miR-16 and hsa-miR-200a-3p as biomarkers of T1D progression.
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5
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Heris HV, Zahraei Z. miRNAs: Regulators of immune system in diabetes. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 790:108442. [PMID: 36089265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes, one of the most common multifactorial metabolic disorders, is a jeopardizing cause of human health worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that have been contributed to the regulation of gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The potential role of miRNAs has been studied in the most of biological processes and mechanisms underlying the progression of variety diseases including diabetes. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in regulating pivotal molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with immune system that progress diabetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaleh Vaezi Heris
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Zahraei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Iran.
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6
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Urena F, Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Nunes LGA, Urschitz J, Moisyadi S, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Hoffmann PR. T-cell activation decreases miRNA-15a/16 levels to promote MEK1-ERK1/2-Elk1 signaling and proliferative capacity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101634. [PMID: 35085550 PMCID: PMC8861121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While miRs have been extensively studied in the context of malignancy and tumor progression, their functions in regulating T-cell activation are less clear. In initial studies, we found reduced levels of miR-15a/16 at 3 to 18 h post-T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, suggesting a role for decreased levels of this miR pair in shaping T-cell activation. To further explore this, we developed an inducible miR15a/16 transgenic mouse model to determine how elevating miR-15a/16 levels during early stages of activation would affect T-cell proliferation and to identify TCR signaling pathways regulated by this miR pair. Doxycycline (DOX)-induced expression of miR-15a/16 from 0 to 18 h post-TCR stimulation decreased ex vivo T-cell proliferation as well as in vivo antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. We also combined bioinformatics and proteomics approaches to identify the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) (Map2k1) as a target of miR-15a/16. MEK1 targeting by miR-15a/16 was confirmed using miR mimics that decreased Map2k1 mRNA containing the 3'-UTR target nucleotide sequence (UGCUGCUA) but did not decrease Map2k1 containing a mutated control sequence (AAAAAAAA). Phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Elk1, was also decreased by DOX-induced miR-15a/16 expression. In addition to MEK1, ERK1 was subsequently found to be targeted by miR-15a/16, with DOX-induced miR-15a/16 reducing total ERK1 levels in T cells. These findings show that TCR stimulation reduces miR-15a/16 levels at early stages of T-cell activation to facilitate increased MEK1 and ERK1, which promotes the sustained MEK1-ERK1/2-Elk1 signaling required for optimal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Urena
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vedbar S Khadka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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7
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Abstract
In this review, we bring our personal experiences to showcase insulin from its breakthrough discovery as a life-saving drug 100 years ago to its uncovering as the autoantigen and potential cause of type 1 diabetes and eventually as an opportunity to prevent autoimmune diabetes. The work covers the birth of insulin to treat patients, which is now 100 years ago, the development of human insulin, insulin analogues, devices, and the way into automated insulin delivery, the realization that insulin is the primary autoimmune target of type 1 diabetes in children, novel approaches of immunotherapy using insulin for immune tolerance induction, the possible limitations of insulin immunotherapy, and an outlook how modern vaccines could remove the need for another 100 years of insulin therapy.
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8
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Pan G, Luo Z, Tang R. WITHDRAWN: Genetic polymorphisms and promoter methylation of miR-9-3 in the modulation of breast cancer risk in a Chinese population. Clin Breast Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Serr I, Drost F, Schubert B, Daniel C. Antigen-Specific Treg Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes - Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712870. [PMID: 34367177 PMCID: PMC8341764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral self-tolerance and alterations in their frequencies, stability, and function have been linked to autoimmunity. The antigen-specific induction of Tregs is a long-envisioned goal for the treatment of autoimmune diseases given reduced side effects compared to general immunosuppressive therapies. However, the translation of antigen-specific Treg inducing therapies for the treatment or prevention of autoimmune diseases into the clinic remains challenging. In this mini review, we will discuss promising results for antigen-specific Treg therapies in allergy and specific challenges for such therapies in autoimmune diseases, with a focus on type 1 diabetes (T1D). We will furthermore discuss opportunities for antigen-specific Treg therapies in T1D, including combinatorial strategies and tissue-specific Treg targeting. Specifically, we will highlight recent advances in miRNA-targeting as a means to foster Tregs in autoimmunity. Additionally, we will discuss advances and perspectives of computational strategies for the detailed analysis of tissue-specific Tregs on the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Serr
- Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Drost
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schubert
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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10
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Bhatt HK, Song D, Musgrave G, Rao PSS. Cannabinoid-induced changes in the immune system: The role of microRNAs. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107832. [PMID: 34107381 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cannabinoids have been used by humans for their medicinal benefits for over several millennia. While the use of cannabinoids has been strictly regulated in the past century, easing of state regulations has been associated with an increase in use of cannabinoids in the United States. The potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids have been explored and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabis-derived cannabinoids has been well-documented. The pharmacological effects of cannabinoids are governed by the modulation of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, expressed in the central and peripheral tissues. Moreover, growing scientific evidence suggests that the cannabinoid-mediated changes in the immune system involves change in expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are short non-coding, single-stranded RNA which have the ability to affect post-translational regulation of gene expression. Studies over the past decade have investigated the changes in expression of miRNAs following treatment of various components of the immune system with different chemical modulators of the cannabinoid receptors. Such studies have highlighted the key role played by various miRNAs in driving the observed immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The aim of this review article, therefore, is to summarize the role of miRNAs behind the observed effects of cannabinoids on the overall immune system, rather than focusing on a single disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirva K Bhatt
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States
| | - Dana Song
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States
| | - Gyen Musgrave
- Greenleaf Apothecaries, LLC, 15335 Madison Road, Middlefield, OH 44062, United States
| | - P S S Rao
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States.
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11
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Alcazar O, Hernandez LF, Nakayasu ES, Nicora CD, Ansong C, Muehlbauer MJ, Bain JR, Myer CJ, Bhattacharya SK, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. Parallel Multi-Omics in High-Risk Subjects for the Identification of Integrated Biomarker Signatures of Type 1 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 33806609 PMCID: PMC7999903 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers are crucial for detecting early type-1 diabetes (T1D) and preventing significant β-cell loss before the onset of clinical symptoms. Here, we present proof-of-concept studies to demonstrate the potential for identifying integrated biomarker signature(s) of T1D using parallel multi-omics. METHODS Blood from human subjects at high risk for T1D (and healthy controls; n = 4 + 4) was subjected to parallel unlabeled proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics. The integrated dataset was analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for disturbances in the at-risk subjects compared to controls. RESULTS The final quadra-omics dataset contained 2292 proteins, 328 miRNAs, 75 metabolites, and 41 lipids that were detected in all samples without exception. Disease/function enrichment analyses consistently indicated increased activation, proliferation, and migration of CD4 T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Integrated molecular network predictions highlighted central involvement and activation of NF-κB, TGF-β, VEGF, arachidonic acid, and arginase, and inhibition of miRNA Let-7a-5p. IPA-predicted candidate biomarkers were used to construct a putative integrated signature containing several miRNAs and metabolite/lipid features in the at-risk subjects. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary parallel quadra-omics provided a comprehensive picture of disturbances in high-risk T1D subjects and highlighted the potential for identifying associated integrated biomarker signatures. With further development and validation in larger cohorts, parallel multi-omics could ultimately facilitate the classification of T1D progressors from non-progressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alcazar
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
| | - Luis F. Hernandez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (E.S.N.); (C.D.N.); (C.A.)
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.J.M.); (J.R.B.)
| | - James R. Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.J.M.); (J.R.B.)
| | - Ciara J. Myer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Midhat H. Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (O.A.); (L.F.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.J.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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12
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The Many Faces of CD4 + T Cells: Immunological and Structural Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010073. [PMID: 33374787 PMCID: PMC7796221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4+ T cells are important in the control and clearance of infections. Primarily described as helpers, CD4+ T cells play an integral role in the development and activation of B cells and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells are incredibly heterogeneous, and can be divided into six main lineages based on distinct profiles, namely T helper 1, 2, 17 and 22 (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22), regulatory T cells (Treg) and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). Recent advances in structural biology have allowed for a detailed characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that drive CD4+ T cell recognition. In this review, we discuss the defining features of the main human CD4+ T cell lineages and their role in immunity, as well as their structural characteristics underlying their detection of pathogens.
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