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Morici N, Marini C, Sacco A, Tavazzi G, Saia F, Palazzini M, Oliva F, De Ferrari GM, Colombo PC, Kapur NK, Garan AR, Pappalardo F. Intra-aortic balloon pump for acute-on-chronic heart failure complicated by cardiogenic shock. J Card Fail 2021; 28:1202-1216. [PMID: 34774745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is widely implanted as temporary mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock (CS). However, its use is declining following the results of the IABP-SHOCK II trial, which failed to show a clinical benefit of IABP in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) related CS. Acute-on-chronic heart failure has become an increasingly recognized, distinct etiology of CS (HF-CS). The pathophysiology of HF-CS differs from ACS-CS, as it typically represents the progression from a state of congestion (with relatively preserved cardiac output) to a low output state with hypoperfusion. The IABP is a "volume displacement pump" that promotes forward flow from a high-capacitance reservoir to low-capacitance vessels, improving peripheral perfusion and decreasing left ventricular afterload in the setting of high filling pressures. The IABP can improve ventricular-vascular coupling and, therefore, myocardial energetics. Additionally, many HF-CS patients are candidates for cardiac replacement therapies (left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation), and, therefore, may benefit from a "bridge" strategy that stabilizes the hemodynamics and end-organ function in preparation for more durable therapies. Notably, the new United Network for Organ Sharing donor heart allocation system has recently prioritized patients on IABP support. This review describes the role of IABP for the treatment of HF-CS. It also briefly discusses new strategies for vascular access as well as a fully implantable versions for a longer duration of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuccia Morici
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy..
| | - Claudia Marini
- S.C. Cardiologia, Polo San Carlo Borromeo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alice Sacco
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Pavia Italy; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Anestesia e Rianimazione I, Pavia, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Saia
- Cardiology Unit, Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, University Hospital of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Matteo Palazzini
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Dept of Cardiology OU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Dept of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian, NewYork, USA; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Arthur Reshad Garan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Federico Pappalardo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
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Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are indicated in inotrope-dependent heart failure (HF) patients with pure or predominant LV dysfunction. Survival benefit is less clear in ambulatory, advanced HF. Timing is crucial: early, unnecessary exposure to the risks of surgery, and device-related complications (infections, stroke, and bleeding) should be weighed against the probability of dying or developing irreversible right ventricular and/or end-organ dysfunction while deferring implant. The interplay between LVAD and heart transplantation depends largely on donor availability and allocation rules. Postoperatively, quality of life depends on patients' expectations and is influenced by complications. Patients' preferences, prognosis, and alternative options-including palliation-should be openly discussed and reviewed before and after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frigerio
- 2nd Section of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, DeGasperis CardioCenter, Niguarda Great Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Sperry AE, Williams M, Atluri P, Szeto WY, Cevasco M, Bermudez CA, Acker MA, Ibrahim M. The Surgeon's Role in Cardiogenic Shock. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:240-251. [PMID: 33956313 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiogenic shock represents a very challenging patient population due to the undifferentiated pathologies presenting as cardiogenic shock, difficult decision-making, prognostication, and ever-expanding support options. The role of cardiac surgeons on this team is evolving. RECENT FINDINGS The implementation of a shock team is associated with improved outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock. Early deployment of mechanical circulatory support devices may allow an opportunity to rescue these patients. Cardiothoracic surgeons are a critical component of the shock team who can deploy timely mechanical support and surgical intervention in selected patients for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Sperry
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa Cevasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christian A Bermudez
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Acker
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Ibrahim
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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