1
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Michalak M. Calreticulin: Endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ gatekeeper. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17839. [PMID: 37424156 PMCID: PMC10902585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal Ca2+ is vital for the function of the ER and regulates many cellular processes. Calreticulin is a highly conserved, ER-resident Ca2+ binding protein and lectin-like chaperone. Over four decades of studying calreticulin demonstrate that this protein plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ supply under different physiological conditions, in managing access to Ca2+ and how Ca2+ is used depending on the environmental events and in making sure that Ca2+ is not misused. Calreticulin plays a role of ER luminal Ca2+ sensor to manage Ca2+-dependent ER luminal events including maintaining interaction with its partners, Ca2+ handling molecules, substrates and stress sensors. The protein is strategically positioned in the lumen of the ER from where the protein manages access to and distribution of Ca2+ for many cellular Ca2+-signalling events. The importance of calreticulin Ca2+ pool extends beyond the ER and includes influence of cellular processes involved in many aspects of cellular pathophysiology. Abnormal handling of the ER Ca2+ contributes to many pathologies from heart failure to neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Michalak
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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2
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Migita R, Tanaka A, Tanimoto K, Hiura J, Kimoto Y, Horiuchi T, Inoue Y. A case in which baricitinib was effective for both rheumatoid arthritis and essential thrombocythemia. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 8:1-4. [PMID: 37249471 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis and JAK2V617F mutation-positive essential thrombocythemia treated with baricitinib. The patient was a 72-year-old male. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at a local clinic in April 2018. Methotrexate (MTX) was started and the dose was increased to 16 mg/week. In October of the same year, anaemia was observed and MTX was reduced, but anaemia progressed. Blood tests showed pancytopenia, and he was referred to Rheumatology on suspicion of drug-induced pancytopenia. Pancytopenia improved with discontinuation of MTX and administration of folic acid. His platelet count was markedly increased to 1,400,000/μl at one point, decreased to 400,000/μl, and then gradually increased to 700,000-1,000,000/μl. Despite taking an antiplatelet drug, he developed cerebral infarction in June 2019. The JAK2V617F mutation was noted, and he was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia. Hydroxycarbamide was started, but the effect was insufficient. Baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, was started in August with the expectation that it would also be effective for essential thrombocythemia. The platelet count decreased to ∼400,000-600,000 cells/μl, and a decrease in the C-reactive protein level and the improvement of arthritis were noted. We report this case because it is considered to be a valuable case, suggesting that baricitinib may be effective for essential thrombocythemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rioko Migita
- Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Internal medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tanimoto
- Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junki Hiura
- Internal medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimoto
- Internal medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Inoue
- Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Swain RM, Sanchez A, Gutierrez DA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Thiophene derivative inflicts cytotoxicity via an intrinsic apoptotic pathway on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295441. [PMID: 38127921 PMCID: PMC10734950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to identify novel anti-cancer agents, we employed a well-established High Throughput Screening (HTS) assay to assess the cytotoxic effect of compounds within the ChemBridge DIVERSet Library on a lymphoma cell line. This screen revealed a novel thiophene, F8 (methyl 5-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-4-methyl-2-[(3-phenyl-2-propynoyl) amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylate), that displays anti-cancer activity on lymphoma, leukemia, and other cancer cell lines. Thiophenes and thiophene derivatives have emerged as an important class of heterocyclic compounds that have displayed favorable drug characteristics. They have been previously reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of properties and varied uses in the field of medicine. In addition, they have proven to be effective drugs in various disease scenarios. They contain anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, estrogen receptor modulating, anti-mitotic, kinase inhibiting and anti-cancer activities, rendering compounds with a thiophene a subject of significant interest in the scientific community. Compound F8 consistently induced cell death at a low micromolar range on a small panel of cancer cell lines after a 48 h period. Further investigation revealed that F8 induced phosphatidylserine externalization, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial depolarization, kinase inhibition, and induces apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that F8 has promising anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mia Swain
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anahi Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Lecomte S, Devreux J, de Streel G, van Baren N, Havelange V, Schröder D, Vaherto N, Vanhaver C, Vanderaa C, Dupuis N, Pecquet C, Coulie PG, Constantinescu SN, Lucas S. Therapeutic activity of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in murine primary myelofibrosis. Blood 2023; 141:490-502. [PMID: 36322928 PMCID: PMC10651781 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid cells, notably megakaryocytes (MKs), and an aberrant cytokine production leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and insufficiency. Current treatment options are limited. TGF-β1, a profibrotic and immunosuppressive cytokine, is involved in PMF pathogenesis. While all cell types secrete inactive, latent TGF-β1, only a few activate the cytokine via cell type-specific mechanisms. The cellular source of the active TGF-β1 implicated in PMF is not known. Transmembrane protein GARP binds and activates latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and MKs or platelets. Here, we found an increased expression of GARP in the BM and spleen of mice with PMF and tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing cells. GARP:TGF-β1 blockade reduced not only fibrosis but also the clonal expansion of transformed cells. Using mice carrying a genetic deletion of Garp in either Tregs or MKs, we found that the therapeutic effects of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in PMF imply targeting GARP on Tregs. These therapeutic effects, accompanied by increased IFN-γ signals in the spleen, were lost upon CD8 T-cell depletion. Our results suggest that the selective blockade of TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing Tregs increases a CD8 T-cell-mediated immune reaction that limits transformed cell expansion, providing a novel approach that could be tested to treat patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lecomte
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Devreux
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas van Baren
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violaine Havelange
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Schröder
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noora Vaherto
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Noémie Dupuis
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Pecquet
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre G. Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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6
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Erdogan F, Qadree AK, Radu TB, Orlova A, de Araujo ED, Israelian J, Valent P, Mustjoki SM, Herling M, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. Structural and mutational analysis of member-specific STAT functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130058. [PMID: 34774983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The STAT family of transcription factors control gene expression in response to signals from various stimulus. They display functions in diseases ranging from autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory disease to cancer and infectious disease. SCOPE OF REVIEW This work uses an approach informed by structural data to explore how domain-specific structural variations, post-translational modifications, and the cancer genome mutational landscape dictate STAT member-specific activities. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We illustrated the structure-function relationship of STAT proteins and highlighted their effect on member-specific activity. We correlated disease-linked STAT mutations to the structure and cancer genome mutational landscape and proposed rational drug targeting approaches of oncogenic STAT pathway addiction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Hyper-activated STATs and their variants are associated with multiple diseases and are considered high value oncology targets. A full understanding of the molecular basis of member-specific STAT-mediated signaling and the strategies to selectively target them requires examination of the difference in their structures and sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fettah Erdogan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdul K Qadree
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tudor B Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satu M Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada.
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7
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Leimkühler NB, Costa IG, Schneider RK. From cell to cell: Identification of actionable targets in bone marrow fibrosis using single-cell technologies. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:48-54. [PMID: 34601067 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have rapidly developed in recent years and have already had a significant impact on the research of myeloproliferative neoplasms. The increasing number of publicly available data sets allows characterization of the bone marrow niche in patients and mouse models at unprecedented resolution. Single-cell RNA sequencing has successfully been used to identify and characterize disease-driving cell populations and to identify the alarmin S100A8/A9 as an important mediator of myelofibrosis and potent therapeutic target. It is now possible to execute a streamlined set of experiments to specifically identify and validate actionable target genes functionally with the advance of reliable in vivo models and the possibility of conducting single-cell analyses with a minimal amount of patient material. The advent of large-scale analyses of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic bone marrow cells will allow comprehensive network analyses guiding an increasingly detailed mapping of the MPN interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils B Leimkühler
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Lai Y, OuYang G, Sheng L, Zhang Y, Lai B, Zhou M. Novel prognostic genes and subclasses of acute myeloid leukemia revealed by survival analysis of gene expression data. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:39. [PMID: 33536020 PMCID: PMC7860023 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is biologically heterogeneous diseases with adverse prognosis. This study was conducted to find prognostic biomarkers that could effectively classify AML patients and provide guidance for treatment decision making. METHODS Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to detect co-expression modules and analyze their relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics using RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The associations of gene expression with patients' mortality were investigated by a variety of statistical methods and validated in an independent dataset of 405 AML patients. A risk score formula was created based on a linear combination of five gene expression levels. RESULTS The weighted gene co-expression network analysis detected 63 co-expression modules. The pink and darkred modules were negatively significantly correlated with overall survival of AML patients. High expression of FNDC3B, VSTM1 and CALR was associated with favourable overall survival, while high expression of PLA2G4A was associated with adverse overall survival. Hierarchical clustering analysis of FNDC3B, VSTM1, PLA2G4A, GOLGA3 and CALR uncovered four subgroups of AML patients. The cluster1 AML patients showed younger age, lower cytogenetics risk, higher frequency of NPM1 mutations and more favourable overall survival than cluster3 patients. The risk score was demonstrated to be an indicator of adverse prognosis in AML patients CONCLUSIONS: The FNDC3B, VSTM1, PLA2G4A, GOLGA3, CALR and risk score may serve as key prognostic biomarkers for the stratification and ultimately guide rational treatment of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lai
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Guifang OuYang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Lixia Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Binbin Lai
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China.
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9
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How does methotrexate work? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:559-567. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Developed over 70 years ago as an anti-folate chemotherapy agent, methotrexate (MTX) is a WHO ‘essential medicine’ that is now widely employed as a first-line treatment in auto-immune, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis and Crone's disease. When used for these diseases patients typically take a once weekly low-dose of MTX — a therapy which provides effective inflammatory control to tens of millions of people worldwide. While undoubtedly effective, our understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism-of-action of low-dose MTX is incomplete. In particular, the long-held dogma that this disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) acts via the folate pathway does not appear to hold up to scrutiny. Recently, MTX has been identified as an inhibitor of JAK/STAT pathway activity, a suggestion supported by many independent threads of evidence. Intriguingly, the JAK/STAT pathway is central to both the inflammatory and immune systems and is a pathway already targeted by other RA treatments. We suggest that the DMARD activity of MTX is likely to be largely mediated by its inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway signalling while many of its side effects are likely associated with the folate pathway. This insight into the mechanism-of-action of MTX opens the possibility for repurposing this low cost, safe and effective drug for the treatment of other JAK/STAT pathway-associated diseases.
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C. Diaconu C, Gurban P, Mambet C, Chivu-Economescu M, G. Necula L, Matei L, Dragu D, Nedeianu S, I. Neagu A, Tatic A, Cristodor D, Bleotu C. Programmed Cell Death Deregulation in BCR-ABL1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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11
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Orlova A, Wagner C, de Araujo ED, Bajusz D, Neubauer HA, Herling M, Gunning PT, Keserű GM, Moriggl R. Direct Targeting Options for STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1930. [PMID: 31817042 PMCID: PMC6966570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 are important transcription factors that are able to mediate or even drive cancer progression through hyperactivation or gain-of-function mutations. Mutated STAT3 is mainly associated with large granular lymphocytic T-cell leukemia, whereas mutated STAT5B is associated with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and γδ T-cell-derived lymphomas. Hyperactive STAT3 and STAT5 are also implicated in various hematopoietic and solid malignancies, such as chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma or prostate cancer. Classical understanding of STAT functions is linked to their phosphorylated parallel dimer conformation, in which they induce gene transcription. However, the functions of STAT proteins are not limited to their phosphorylated dimerization form. In this review, we discuss the functions and the roles of unphosphorylated STAT3/5 in the context of chromatin remodeling, as well as the impact of STAT5 oligomerization on differential gene expression in hematopoietic neoplasms. The central involvement of STAT3/5 in cancer has made these molecules attractive targets for small-molecule drug development, but currently there are no direct STAT3/5 inhibitors of clinical grade available. We summarize the development of inhibitors against the SH2 domains of STAT3/5 and discuss their applicability as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Christina Wagner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne University, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; (E.D.d.A.); (P.T.G.)
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (G.M.K.)
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.O.); (C.W.); (H.A.N.)
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Li J, Ma X, Liu C, Li H, Zhuang J, Gao C, Zhou C, Liu L, Wang K, Sun C. Exploring the Mechanism of Danshen against Myelofibrosis by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:8363295. [PMID: 30622613 PMCID: PMC6304517 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8363295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a natural powerful drug for various conditions treatment, has traditionally been used in Asian countries for centuries as anticancer agent, anti-inflammatory agent, and antioxidant. More recently, it is explored in combination with other herbs for skeletal diseases therapy; bone-targeting compounds with pharmacological activities have been isolated from various sources of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including Danshen. In this case, some evidence supports that Danshen may treat myelofibrosis (MF) by exerting its antitumor effect. To study the specific mechanism of Danshen in the treatment of MF, we used bioinformatics databases to determine its active ingredients. Then, identification of target proteins related to MF was made using a network pharmacology analysis platform. In our results, 20 key active compounds and 457 key targets of Danshen were identified. In-depth network analysis of the top diseases, functions, and pathways suggested that a common underlying mechanism linked Danshen involvement with MF. Finally, 5 potential targets were confirmed by the analysis; these 5 targets, as well as 20 previously identified compounds, were subjected to molecular docking experiments. The results indicated that cryptotanshinone of Danshen may affect MF by acting on the key genes in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway and the TGF-β signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Chundi Gao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
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14
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Tang Y, Shi C, Wu Z, Fan N, Xu X, Kang Z, Zhang X, Ma W, Guan M. A triplex probe-based TaqMan qPCR assay for Calreticulin type I and II mutation detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 24:26-31. [PMID: 30080988 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2018.1502944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calreticulin (CALR) exon 9 frameshift mutations have recently been identified in 30-40% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) without JAK2 or MPL mutations. We aimed to develop a qPCR assay to screen type I and II mutations of CALR. METHODS Three different fluorescent-labeled hydrolysis probes and one pair of primers in a closed-tube system were developed to detect CALR type I and II mutations and distinguish them from wild-type. The sensitivity and specificity were validated using TA-cloning plasmids containing CALR wild-type and type I and II mutants, respectively. Fifty-nine ET and PMF specimens were screened by TaqMan qPCR and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. For intra-assay validation, 20 replicates of the assay were performed with each sample. For inter-assay validation, four replications of each sample were carried out and repeated continuously for 5 days. RESULTS We found that triplex probe-based TaqMan qPCR was reliable in detecting CALR type I and II mutants within DNA that was diluted to 1% of total DNA with the wild-type DNA as background. In 59 patient specimens, six of the observed mutations of CALR were type I and five were type II. Genotyping results obtained from TaqMan qPCR were 100% concordant with Sanger sequencing. The intra- and inter-assay CVs of TaqMan qPCR were less than 3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Triplex probe-based TaqMan qPCR is an accurate and sensitive method for screening ET or PMF patients with type I and II mutations in CALR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigui Tang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Changgen Shi
- b China National Population and Family Planning Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Device , Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research(SIPPR) , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,c School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- d Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Fan
- e Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- f Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Kang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- f Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhe Ma
- f Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Guan
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,f Department of Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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15
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Mambet C, Necula L, Mihai S, Matei L, Bleotu C, Chivu-Economescu M, Stanca O, Tatic A, Berbec N, Tanase C, Diaconu CC. Increased Dkk-1 plasma levels may discriminate disease subtypes in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4005-4011. [PMID: 29975001 PMCID: PMC6050480 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the bone marrow niche induced by abnormal production of cytokines and other soluble factors have been associated with disease progression in classical BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Variations in circulating proteins might reflect local disease processes and plasma proteome profiling could serve to identify possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We employed a human cytokine array to screen for 105 distinct analytes in pooled plasma samples obtained from untreated young MPN patients (<35 years) with different clinical phenotypes and driver mutations, as well as from healthy individuals. Among molecules that exhibited significantly increased levels in MPN patients versus controls, the top of the list was represented by Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1), which also showed the highest potential for discrimination between MPN subtypes. In the next step, a quantitative ELISA was used to measure plasma Dkk-1 levels in 30 young-onset MPN-10 essential thrombocythemia (ET), 10 polycythemia vera (PV), 10 pre-fibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF)-and 10 controls. The results suggested that plasma Dkk-1 levels could differentiate ET from pre-PMF, in JAK2 V617F-positive as well as in CALR-positive patients, and also ET from PV in JAK2 V617F-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mambet
- MyeloAL Program, Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Necula
- MyeloAL Program, Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Mihai
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- MyeloAL Program, Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- MyeloAL Program, Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Oana Stanca
- Department of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelia Tatic
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Berbec
- Department of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen C Diaconu
- MyeloAL Program, Stefan S Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Lim KH, Chen CGS, Chang YC, Chiang YH, Kao CW, Wang WT, Chang CY, Huang L, Lin CS, Cheng CC, Cheng HI, Su NW, Lin J, Chang YF, Chang MC, Hsieh RK, Lin HC, Kuo YY. Increased B cell activation is present in JAK2V617F-mutated, CALR-mutated and triple-negative essential thrombocythemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32476-32491. [PMID: 28415571 PMCID: PMC5464803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a BCL-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. We have reported that increased activated B cells can facilitate platelet production mediated by cytokines regardless JAK2 mutational status in ET. Recently, calreticulin (CALR) mutations were discovered in ~30% JAK2/MPL-unmutated ET and primary myelofibrosis. Here we sought to screen for CALR mutations and to evaluate B cell immune profiles in a cohort of adult Taiwanese ET patients. B cell populations, granulocytes/monocytes membrane-bound B cell-activating factor (mBAFF) levels, B cells toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and intracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-6 and the expression of CD69, CD80, and CD86 were quantified by flow cytometry. Serum BAFF concentration was measured by ELISA. 48 healthy adults were used for comparison. 19 (35.2%) of 54 ET patients harbored 8 types of CALR exon 9 mutations including 4 (7.4%) patients with concomitant JAK2V617F mutations. Compared to JAK2V617F mutation, CALR mutations correlated with younger age at diagnosis (p=0.04), higher platelet count (p=0.004), lower hemoglobin level (p=0.013) and lower leukocyte count (p=0.013). Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, follow-up period and hematological parameters confirmed that increased activated B cells were universally present in JAK2-mutated, CALR-mutated and triple-negative ET patients when compared to healthy adults. JAK2- and CALR-mutated ET have significantly higher fraction of B cells with TLR4 expression when compared to triple-negative ET (p=0.019 and 0.02, respectively). CALR-mutated ET had significantly higher number of CD69-positive activated B cells when compared to triple-negative ET (p=0.035). In conclusion, increased B cell activation is present in ET patients across different mutational subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Hong Lim
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Caleb Gon-Shen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sung Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Johnson Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Kuen Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chau Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Essential thrombocytemia following immune thrombocytopenia with JAK2V617F mutation. Leuk Res Rep 2018; 9:14-15. [PMID: 29326868 PMCID: PMC5758937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2V617F mutation is found in about 60% of cases of essential thrombocytemia (ET) and represents a driving mutation. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a low platelet (PLT) count. So far, only 2 reports described ET following ITP. For the first time we analyzed in a patient the JAK2V617F allele burden at ITP onset occurred 13 years before the ET diagnosis and found the presence of a small clone JAK2V617F positive clone (3%) raised to 27% in the following years. The association of ET and ITP could suggest similar pathogenetic mechanisms that should be further investigated.
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18
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Austrian recommendations for the management of primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis: an expert statement. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 129:293-302. [PMID: 27966016 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The entity "myelofibrosis" represents a subgroup of the Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. It comprises primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis. This heterogeneous disease is characterized by clonal myeloproliferation, dysregulated kinase signalling and the abnormal expression of several proinflammatory cytokines. Clinically, patients present with symptoms related to thrombocytosis/leukocytosis, anemia and/or progressive splenomegaly. Mutations in Janus kinase 2, an enzyme that is essential for the normal development of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets, notably the V617F mutation, have been identified in approximately 60% of patients with primary myelofibrosis. Recent molecular advances have not only elucidated critical pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease, but also contributed to a more precise assessment of a patient's individual risk. While allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment, the natural course of the disease and the patient's survival and quality of life may be improved by new treatments, notably ruxolitinib, the first Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor approved for the management of myelofibrosis. Additional treatment options are being explored.
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19
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Rosti V, Campanelli R, Massa M, Viarengo G, Villani L, Poletto V, Bonetti E, Catarsi P, Magrini U, Grolla AA, Travelli C, Genazzani AA, Barosi G. Increased plasma nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is associated with a hyperproliferative phenotype and restrains disease progression in MPN-associated myelofibrosis. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:709-13. [PMID: 27074203 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis is a clonal, neoplastic disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells, in which inflammation and immune dysregulation play an important role. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), also known as visfatin, is a cytokine implicated in a number of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Here plasma levels of eNAMPT in patients with MPN-associated myelofibrosis and their effects on disease phenotype and outcomes were examined. The concordance of eNAMPT levels with the marker of general inflammation high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was also studied. A total of 333 MPN-associated myelofibrosis patients (187 males and 146 females) and 31 age- and gender-matched normal-weight healthy subjects were enrolled in the study main body. Levels of eNAMPT and hs-CRP were simultaneously assayed in 209 MPN-associated myelofibrosis patients. Twenty-four polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia patients were used as controls. eNAMPT was over expressed in MPN-associated myelofibrosis, and eNAMPT expression was correlated with higher white blood cell count, higher hemoglobin, and higher platelet count, suggesting that eNAMPT is an indispensable permissive agent for myeloproliferation of MPN-associated myelofibrosis. The lack of correlation between eNAMPT and hs-CRP revealed that eNAMPT in MPN-associated myelofibrosis does not behave as a canonical inflammatory cytokine. In addition, higher levels of eNAMPT predicted longer time to blast transformation, and protected against progression toward thrombocytopenia and large splenomegaly. In conclusion, in MPN-associated myelofibrosis high levels of eNAMPT mark the myeloproliferative potential and, at variance with a high number of cancers, are protective against disease progression. Am. J. Hematol. 91:709-713, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Rita Campanelli
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Margherita Massa
- Biotechnology Research Area; IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Gianluca Viarengo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service; IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia Italy
| | - Laura Villani
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Valentina Poletto
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Elisa Bonetti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Paolo Catarsi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Umberto Magrini
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Ambra A. Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università Del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università Del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Università Del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis. Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation; Pavia 27100 Italy
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20
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Mambet C, Matei L, Necula LG, Diaconu CC. A link between the driver mutations and dysregulated apoptosis in BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:331-45. [PMID: 26890068 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1152276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms pathogenesis is centred on the phenotypic driver mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes, and the constitutive activation of JAK-STAT pathway. Nonetheless, there is still a need to better characterize the cellular processes that are triggered by these genetic alterations, such as apoptosis that might play a role in the pathological expansion of the myeloid lineages and, especially, in the morphological anomalies of the bone marrow megakaryocytes. In this article we will explore the connection between the driver mutations in MPN and the abnormal apoptosis that might be translated in new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mambet
- a Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department , Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- a Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department , Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Laura Georgiana Necula
- a Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department , Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology , Bucharest , Romania.,b Biochemistry-Proteomics Department , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania.,c Titu Maiorescu University , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Carmen C Diaconu
- a Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department , Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology , Bucharest , Romania
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