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Yang Q, Liu HR, Yang S, Wei YS, Zhu XN, Zhi Z, Zhu D, Chen GQ, Yu Y. ANP32B suppresses B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through activation of PU.1 in mice. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 37137487 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ANP32B, a member of the acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 kDa (ANP32) family of proteins, is critical for normal development because its constitutive knockout mice are perinatal lethal. It is also shown that ANP32B acts as a tumor-promoting gene in some kinds of cancer such as breast cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Herein, we observe that ANP32B is lowly expressed in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients, which correlates with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we utilized the N-myc or BCR-ABLp190 -induced B-ALL mouse model to investigate the role of ANP32B in B-ALL development. Intriguingly, conditional deletion of Anp32b in hematopoietic cells significantly promotes leukemogenesis in two B-ALL mouse models. Mechanistically, ANP32B interacts with purine rich box-1 (PU.1) and enhances the transcriptional activity of PU.1 in B-ALL cells. Overexpression of PU.1 dramatically suppresses B-ALL progression, and highly expressed PU.1 significantly reverses the accelerated leukemogenesis in Anp32b-deficient mice. Collectively, our findings identify ANP32B as a suppressor gene and provide novel insight into B-ALL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhi
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (NO.2019RU043), Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
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Gupta DG, Varma N, Kumar A, Naseem S, Sachdeva MUS, Bose P, Binota J, Gupta M, Sonam P, Rana P, Malhotra P, Varma S. Identification and validation of suitable housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in BCR-ABL1 positive B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4841-4848. [PMID: 35344115 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of the housekeeping gene (HKG) expression is an absolute prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression in a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). In RQ-PCR, the widely used normalization approach involves the standardization of target genes to the most stable HKG control genes. According to the recent literature, in different experimental conditions the HKGs exhibit either up or down-regulation and thus affecting the gene expression profiles of target genes which leads to erroneous results. This implies that it is very important to select the appropriate HKG and verify the expression stability of the HKG before quantification of the target gene. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study aims to analyze six different HKGs for their expression profiles and stability in BCR-ABL1 negative cases and validate them in BCR-ABL1 positive cases, detected by multiplex reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Six commonly used reference genes (GAPDH, ABL1, RNA18S, ACTB, GUSB, and EEF2) were selected in this study. RQ-PCR was performed on 24 BCR-ABL1 negative cases and the outcomes were validated on 24 BCR-ABL1 positive cases. RefFinder™, a web-based composite software was used to check the stability of HKG genes by different algorithms and comprehensive ranking of each HKG gene in BCR-ABL1 negative cases and finally validated in BCR-ABL1 positive cases. CONCLUSIONS It was found that RNA18S, ABL1 and GUSB are good stable HKG genes, which showed minimum variability in gene expression compared to GAPDH, EEF2, and ACTB, the most commonly used HKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshat Gopal Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shano Naseem
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Parveen Bose
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jogeshwar Binota
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Minakshi Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Priti Sonam
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Palak Rana
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhash Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Gupta DG, Varma N, Kumar A, Naseem S, Sachdeva MUS, Binota J, Bose P, Gupta M, Sonam P, Rana P, Malhotra P, Khadwal A, Trehan A, Varma S. PHi-RACE: PGIMER in-house rapid & cost effective classifier for the detection of BCR-ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Indian patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:633-643. [PMID: 34783280 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1999439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For the detection of BCR-ABL1-like ALL cases, two methodologies, specifically Gene expression profiling (GEP) or Next-generation targeted sequencing (NGS) and TaqMan based low-density (TLDA) card, are being used. NGS is very costly and TLDA is not widely commercially available. In this study, we quantified the expression of 8 selected overexpressed genes in 536 B-ALL cases. We identified 26.67% (143/536) BCR-ABL1-like ALLs using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. BCR-ABL1-like ALL cases were significantly older at presentation (p = 0.036) and had male preponderance (p = 0.047) compared to BCR-ABL1-negative ALL cases. MRD-positivity and induction failure were more commonest in BCR-ABL1-like ALL cases (30.55 vs.19.35% in BCR-ABL1-negative ALL cases). Lastly, we built a PHi-RACE classifier (sensitivity = 95.2%, specificity= 83.7%, AUC= 0.927) using logistic regression to detect BCR-ABL1-like ALL cases promptly at diagnosis. This classifier is beneficial for hematologists in quick decision making at baseline to start tailored treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshat Gopal Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shano Naseem
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jogeshwar Binota
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parveen Bose
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Minakshi Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Preeti Sonam
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Palak Rana
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhash Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Zeng Q, Xiang B, Liu Z. Comparison of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and TKI combined with chemotherapy for adult philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8741-8753. [PMID: 34761879 PMCID: PMC8683551 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to clarify whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is necessary for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in post-remission based on a comparison with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with chemotherapy. METHODS We searched the Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases and limited the date range for the studies from January 2010 to August 2020. A hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to assess overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS), and an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI was used to evaluate the ratio of non-relapsed mortality (NRM) and non-relapsed survival (NRS). All analyses were conducted with Stata software 16.0 and Revman 5.3. RESULTS Fifteen studies, totaling 959 patients, were included in our analysis. Among those patients, 473 underwent allo-HSCT, and 486 received TKI plus chemotherapy. The pooled results showed no difference in OS between outcomes for patients receiving TKI plus chemotherapy and those treated with allo-HSCT (HR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.51-1.12], p = 0.16). Patients undergoing allo-HSCT did better than those receiving TKI plus chemotherapy regarding RFS (HR = 0.48, 95% CI [0.37-0.63], p = 0.00), and NRS (OR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.25-5.57], p = 0.00). The NRM rate of the TKI plus chemotherapy group was significantly lower than the allo-HSCT group (OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.51-3.59], p = 0.00). CONCLUSION TKI combined with chemotherapy can be considered a post-remission treatment option for adult Ph+ ALL patients who are ineligible for allo-HSCT. However, more prospective studies with large sample sizes should be carried out in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gupta DG, Varma N, Naseem S, Sachdeva MUS, Bose P, Binota J, Kumar A, Gupta M, Rana P, Sonam P, Malhotra P, Trehan A, Khadwal A, Varma S. Characterization of the immunophenotypic aberrancies with respect to common fusion transcripts in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - a report of 986 Indian patients. Turk J Haematol 2021; 39:1-12. [PMID: 34617433 PMCID: PMC8886275 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2021.2021.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Based on the immunophenotype, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be categorized into B-cell or T-cell lineages. B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) cases show various genetic/molecular abnormalities, and varying frequencies of chimeric fusion transcripts in BCP-ALL cases are reported from different parts of the world. We studied the immunophenotypic aberrancy profiles of a large number of BCP-ALL cases with respect to various common chimeric fusion transcripts. Materials and Methods: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping and multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were performed for 986 BCP-ALL cases. Results: Among 986 BCP-ALL cases, the incidence of various fusion transcripts was 38.36% in adult cases and 20.68% in pediatric cases. Adult BCP-ALL patients with t(9;22)(BCR-ABL1) fusion transcripts and expression of aberrant myeloid markers were significantly older at presentation (p=0.0218) with male preponderance (p=0.0246) compared to those without aberrant myeloid expression. In pediatric patients with the t(12;21)(ETV6-RUNX1) chimeric fusion transcript, aberrant expression of CD13 was observed in 39.13%, CD33 in 36.95%, and CD117 in 8.69% of patients, respectively. Pediatric BCP-ALL patients with the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion transcript and expression of aberrant myeloid markers were not significantly different compared to those without with respect to demographic and clinical/hematological characteristics (p=0.5955). Aberrant myeloid markers were rarely or never expressed in pediatric and adult BCP-ALL patients with the t(4;11)(KTM2A-AF4) and t(1;19)(TCF3-PBX1) fusion transcripts. Conclusion: Aberrant myeloid markers were frequently expressed among BCP-ALL patients with the t(9;22)(BCR-ABL1) and t(12;21)(ETV6-RUNX1) fusion transcripts. However, BCP-ALL patients with the t(4;11)(KTM2A-AF4) and t(1;19)(TCF3-PBX1) fusion transcripts rarely or never expressed aberrant myeloid markers. Aberrant myeloid CD markers can be used in predicting chimeric fusion transcripts at baseline so as to plan appropriate tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in cases of BCP-ALL with specific chimeric fusion transcripts. This study has delineated the relationship of chimeric fusion transcripts with the aberrant expression of myeloid markers in a large cohort of BCP-ALL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshat Gopal Gupta
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shano Naseem
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Parveen Bose
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jogeshwar Binota
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Gupta
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Palak Rana
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Preeti Sonam
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhash Varma
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Qiu S, Pan Y, Shi S, Omotoyosi FF, Chen K, Guo Z, Lü P. Genetic Mechanism of Leukemia Relapse Following CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:335-341. [PMID: 33739864 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CART) has achieved excellent results in the past 10 years for the treatment of leukemia. Treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by anti-CD19 CART can reach a complete remission rate of 90%. Although CART has greatly improved the treatment of patients with leukemia and lymphoma, as many as one-third of patients can suffer disease relapse after CART. The tumor surface marker CD19 is negative in most patients who relapse, and these patients display high expression of CD19 before treatment. In this review, the current causes of CD19-negative relapses after CD19 CART against leukemia, and the mechanisms of target escape are briefly summarized. Also, methods and strategies for treating relapse to provide references for the treatment of leukemia relapse are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Pan
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Shenyan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Elkholy RA, Fouda MH, Elhawary EE, Elkholy RA, Elshora OA. Impact of CD105 Flow-Cytometric Expression on Childhood B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Blood Med 2021; 12:147-156. [PMID: 33758569 PMCID: PMC7981143 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD105 (Endoglin) is a receptor of the transforming growth factor-Beta (TGF- β) superfamily. It is expressed in angiogenic endothelial cells and is considered a powerful marker of angiogenesis and a potential main player in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases as well as tumor progression. CD105 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in many types of solid malignancies, however, its influence on hematological neoplasms is still an area of interest. Purpose To assess the flow-cytometric expression of CD105 in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and its relation to disease response after the induction chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods Eighty children newly diagnosed with B-ALL were screened for flow-cytometric expression of CD105 at time of diagnosis, then they were followed up to detect their response to induction therapy. Results CD105 was expressed in 41.2% of B-ALL patients. Higher expression of CD105 was observed in high and very high-risk groups. The multivariate analysis considered CD105 positivity as an independent prognostic marker for response to induction therapy. Values higher than 2.5 Specific fluorescence indices (SFIs) and 35% expression were sensitive predictors to induction failure. Conclusion CD105 can be considered as a potential prognostic marker for the detection of response to induction therapy in childhood B-ALL, and it can serve to optimize treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Elkholy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Fouda
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eslam E Elhawary
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Reem A Elkholy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ola A Elshora
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Chimeric antigen receptor therapy in hematological malignancies: antigenic targets and their clinical research progress. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1681-1699. [PMID: 32388608 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy has achieved dramatic success in the treatment of B cell malignancies, based on the summary of current research data, and has shown good potential in early phase cancer clinical trials. Modified constructs are being optimized to recognize and destroy tumor cells more effectively. By targeting the proper B-lineage-specific antigens such as CD19 and CD20, adoptive immunotherapy has demonstrated promising clinical results and already plays a role in the treatment of several lymphoid malignancies, which highlights the importance of target selection for other CAR therapies. The high efficacy of CAR-T cells has resulted in the approval of anti-CD19-directed CAR-T cells for the treatment of B cell malignancies. In this review, we focus on the basic structure and current clinical application of CAR-T cells, detail the research progress of CAR-T for different antigenic targets in hematological malignancies, and further discuss the current barriers and proposed solutions, investigating the possible mechanisms of recurrence of CAR-T cell therapy. A summary of the paper is also given to overview as the prospects for this therapy.
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9
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Zhou Z, Lin W, Li X, Huang Y, Ren J, Gao Y, Li J. Aberrant Phenotype and Function of Dendritic Cells in Adult B Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:781-793. [PMID: 31062637 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1610428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in regulating immune responses, but the aberrant phenotype and function of defective DCs in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unclear. Here, B lineage ALL (B-ALL) patients were divided into groups according to different standards. By course of disease: newly diagnosed (ND), complete remission (CR), consolidation (CONS). By stratification: high risk (HR), standard risk (SR). By minimal residual disease (MRD): MRD positive(MRD+), MRD negative (MRD-). The proportion of plasmacytoid DC(pDC) and myeloid DC(mDC) were compared within these standards. The costimulatory molecule levels of pDC, mDC in ND and CR were measured and the function of peripheral blood monocyte-derived DC(MoDC)s were examined. We found proportions of pDC and mDC in ND were both lower compared to control group and gradually increased after CR. In HR and MRD+, the proportions were also lower compared to SR and MRD- at CR stage, respectively; but there were no difference between these comparisons when newly diagnosed. In ND, both CD80, CD86 levels in pDC, mDC were higher while the levels in activated MoDCs were lower when compared to control and CR group, respectively. The dextran uptake of MoDCs, T cell proliferation promoting ability, IL-12, BAFF, INF-α levels in supernatant and their mRNA relative expression in activated MoDCs in ND were also lower than those in control and CR group. So, DCs in B-ALL display suppressed status in phenotype and function,which would be gradually restored after effective chemotherapy. pDC and mDC could respond to patient condition, DCs proportion may be useful for monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Wanyi Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
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10
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Dong YH, Ding YM, Guo W, Huang JW, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Chen XH. The functional verification of EGFR-CAR T-cells targeted to hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7053-7059. [PMID: 30410362 PMCID: PMC6198896 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to validate the antitumor function of EGFR-chimeric antigen T-cells (CART) targeted to FaDu cells, a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and to provide a preclinical basis for the application of CART cell technology in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Detection of cytokine secretions of EGFR-CAR T and CART-controls in the presence of target cells and nontarget cells as an indicator of CART cell activation. Detection of the cytotoxic effects of EGFR-CAR T on specific tumors in the presence of target cells was evaluated by LDH release and CART cell proliferation. RESULTS The results showed that cytokine secretion increased significantly after EGFR-CAR T-cells were incubated with target cells, and EGFR-CAR T-cells has higher cytotoxic effect on target cells than the CART-control group. The target cell lysis rate was 52.66%. The proliferation of EGFR-CAR T-cells in the presence of target cells was not distinctly observed. CONCLUSION In this study, we validated the antitumor function of EGFR-CAR T-cells targeted to the FaDu cell line and provided the foundation for application of the CART technique in the treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing City 163001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Jun-Wei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ,
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Simioni C, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Vitale M, McCubrey JA, Capitani S, Neri LM. Targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An update. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6440-6454. [PMID: 29667769 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in treatment protocols, B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) displays a poor prognosis in about 15-20% of pediatric cases and about 60% of adult patients. In addition, life-long irreversible late effects from chemo- and radiation therapy, including secondary malignancies, are a growing problem for leukemia survivors. Targeted therapy holds promising perspectives for cancer treatment as it may be more effective and have fewer side effects than conventional therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a key regulatory cascade which controls proliferation, survival and drug-resistance of cancer cells, and it is frequently upregulated in the different subtypes of B-ALL, where it plays important roles in the pathophysiology, maintenance and progression of the disease. Moreover, activation of this signaling cascade portends a poorer prognosis in both pediatric and adult B-ALL patients. Promising preclinical data on PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have documented their anticancer activity in B-ALL and some of these novel drugs have entered clinical trials as they could lead to a longer event-free survival and reduce therapy-associated toxicity for patients with B-ALL. This review highlights the current status of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in B-ALL, with an emphasis on emerging evidence of the superior efficacy of synergistic combinations involving the use of traditional chemotherapeutics or other novel, targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Crotta A, Zhang J, Keir C. Survival after stem-cell transplant in pediatric and young-adult patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:435-440. [PMID: 28945102 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1384373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allogeneic stem-cell transplant (allo-SCT) is the standard of care for pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who relapse after frontline chemotherapy; however, for patients who relapse after allo-SCT, outcomes are very poor. Few studies have examined overall survival in this patient population, particularly in patients who received a second allo-SCT. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis using data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) registry. The study population included patients aged 3 to 21 years who were diagnosed with B-ALL and underwent their first allo-SCT between 2009 and 2013. The primary endpoint was the time from the date of posttransplant relapse to the date of death due to any reason. RESULTS Outcomes in 1349 pediatric and young-adult patients were included in this analysis. The Kaplan-Meier estimated probability of survival at 3 years after first allo-SCT was 63.1% (95% CI, 60.2%-65.8%). Overall, 29.2% of patients relapsed after first allo-SCT and had a median survival of 7.4 months (95% CI, 6.0-9.6 months). Twenty-five patients in the analysis developed secondary malignancies, most of which were lymphoproliferative disorders. CONCLUSIONS Survival rates are low in pediatric and young-adult patients who relapse after first and second allo-SCT, and new therapies are needed to improve outcomes in this population. This data can be used as a historical comparison for single-arm trials of novel therapies for this patient population, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Zhang
- b Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation , East Hanover , NJ , USA
| | - Christopher Keir
- b Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation , East Hanover , NJ , USA
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13
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Endoglin: a novel target for therapeutic intervention in acute leukemias revealed in xenograft mouse models. Blood 2017; 129:2526-2536. [PMID: 28351936 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-01-763581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (CD105), a receptor of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, has been reported to identify functional long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells, and has been detected in certain subtypes of acute leukemias. Whether this receptor plays a functional role in leukemogenesis remains unknown. We identified endoglin expression on the majority of blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Using a xenograft model, we find that CD105+ blasts are endowed with superior leukemogenic activity compared with the CD105- population. We test the effect of targeting this receptor using the monoclonal antibody TRC105, and find that in AML, TRC105 prevented the engraftment of primary AML blasts and inhibited leukemia progression following disease establishment, but in B-ALL, TRC105 alone was ineffective due to the shedding of soluble CD105. However, in both B-ALL and AML, TRC105 synergized with reduced intensity myeloablation to inhibit leukemogenesis, indicating that TRC105 may represent a novel therapeutic option for B-ALL and AML.
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14
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Trino S, De Luca L, Laurenzana I, Caivano A, Del Vecchio L, Martinelli G, Musto P. P53-MDM2 Pathway: Evidences for A New Targeted Therapeutic Approach in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:491. [PMID: 28018226 PMCID: PMC5159974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a canonical regulator of different biological functions, like apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and genomic stability. This gene is frequently altered in human tumors generally by point mutations or deletions. Conversely, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) genomic alterations of TP53 are rather uncommon, and prevalently occur in patients at relapse or with poor prognosis. On the other hand, p53 pathway is often compromised by the inactivation of its regulatory proteins, as MDM2 and ARF. MDM2 inhibitor molecules are able to antagonize p53-MDM2 interaction allowing p53 to exert tumor suppressor transcriptional regulation and to induce apoptotic pathways. Recent preclinical and clinical studies propose that MDM2 targeted therapy represents a promising anticancer strategy restoring p53 dependent mechanisms in ALL disease. Here, we discussed the use of new small molecule targeting p53 pathways as a promising drug target therapy in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L.Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli," University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
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15
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Prognostic significance of IKZF1 deletion in adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis. Ann Hematol 2016; 96:215-225. [PMID: 27815723 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) gene is frequently altered in adults with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although many studies have indicated that IKZF1 alterations might be associated with poor outcomes in adults with ALL, the results remain controversial. A previous meta-analysis demonstrated the negative prognostic significance of IKZF1 deletion in ALL. However, most of the included studies (14 out of 15) were conducted in pediatric patients with ALL, and age was identified as a significant source of heterogeneity. Thus, performing the present meta-analysis provides valuable information to further elucidate the prognostic value of IKZF1 deletion in adults with ALL. Eight studies were identified that had been published prior to August 1, 2016. The studies included a total of 1008 patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS)/progression-free survival (PFS)/event-free survival (EFS) were pooled to estimate the prognostic power of IKZF1 deletion. Pooled HRs suggested that IKZF1 deletion had a negative impact on both OS (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.73) and DFS/RFS/PFS/EFS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.17) in the overall population. Subgroup analyses indicated that IKZF1 deletion could independently predict unfavorable OS (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.25-2.06) and DFS/RFS/PFS/EFS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.17) in BCR-ABL1-negative but not in BCR-ABL1-positive B cell ALL patients. Our meta-analysis suggests that IKZF1 deletion is a poor prognostic factor for adults with B cell ALL and may be more valuable in BCR-ABL1-negative B cell ALL patients.
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16
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Ma D, Zhong S, Liu X, Mai H, Mai G, Xu C, Zhou F. CD3D and PRKCQ work together to discriminate between B-cell and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Comput Biol Med 2016; 77:16-22. [PMID: 27494091 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different therapeutic methods have been developed for the B-cell and T-cell subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The identification of molecular biomarkers that can accurately discriminate between B-cell and T-cell ALLs will facilitate the quick determination of therapeutic plans, as well as reveal the intrinsic mechanisms underlining the two different ALL subtypes. This study computationally screened the high-throughput transcriptome dataset for multiple candidate biomarkers and verified their discrimination abilities in an independent sample set using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Both technologies suggest that the two genes CD3D and PKRCQ together provided a good model for classification of B-cell and T-cell ALLs, whereas the individual genes did not show consistent discrimination between the two ALL subtypes. Supplementary material is available at http://healthinformaticslab.org/supp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China; Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Gene Sequencing of Pathogens, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China.
| | - Shan Zhong
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China; Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Gene Sequencing of Pathogens, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Huirong Mai
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Guoqin Mai
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
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