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Talathi SP, Shaikh NN, Pandey SS, Saxena VA, Mamulwar MS, Thakar MR. FcγRIIIa receptor polymorphism influences NK cell mediated ADCC activity against HIV. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1053. [PMID: 31842762 PMCID: PMC6916223 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-specific Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) has shown to be important in HIV control and resistance. The ADCC is mediated primarily by natural killer cell activated through the binding of FcγRIIIa receptor to the Fc portion of antibody bound to the antigen expressed on the infected cells. However, no data is available on the influence of the polymorphism in FcγRIIIa receptor on HIV-specific ADCC response. METHODS The Sanger's method of sequencing was used to sequence the exon of FcγRIIIa receptor while the ADCC activity was determined using NK cell activation assay. The polymorphism in FcγRIIIa receptor was assessed in HIV-infected Indian individuals with or without HIV-specific ADCC antibodies and its influence on the magnitude of HIV-specific ADCC responses was analyzed. RESULTS Two polymorphisms: V176F (rs396991) and Y158H (rs396716) were observed. The Y158H polymorphism is reported for the first time in Indian population. Both, V176F (V/V genotype) (p = 0.004) and Y158H (Y/H genotype) (p = 0.032) were found to be significantly associated with higher magnitude of HIV-specific ADCC response. CONCLUSION The study underscores the role of polymorphism in the FcγRIIIa receptor on HIV-specific ADCC response and suggests that the screening of the individuals for FcγRIIIa-V176F and Y158H polymorphisms could be useful for prediction of efficient treatment in monoclonal antibody-based therapies aimed at ADCC in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Pramod Talathi
- Department of Immunology, National AIDS Research Institute, Plot No. 73, G-Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Nawaj Najir Shaikh
- Department of Immunology, National AIDS Research Institute, Plot No. 73, G-Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Sudhanshu Shekhar Pandey
- Department of Immunology, National AIDS Research Institute, Plot No. 73, G-Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Vandana Ashish Saxena
- Department of Immunology, National AIDS Research Institute, Plot No. 73, G-Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Megha Sunil Mamulwar
- Department of Epidemiology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, India
| | - Madhuri Rajeev Thakar
- Department of Immunology, National AIDS Research Institute, Plot No. 73, G-Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India.
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Verbist KC, Klonowski KD. Functions of IL-15 in anti-viral immunity: multiplicity and variety. Cytokine 2012; 59:467-78. [PMID: 22704694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune response to an invading viral pathogen requires the combined actions of both innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, NK cells and cytotoxic CD8 T cells are capable of the direct engagement of infected cells and the mediation of antiviral responses. Both NK and CD8 T cells depend on common gamma chain (γc) cytokine signals for their development and homeostasis. The γc cytokine IL-15 is very well characterized for its role in promoting the development and homeostasis of NK cells and CD8 T cells, but emerging literature suggests that IL-15 mediates the anti-viral responses of these cell populations during an active immune response. Both NK cells and CD8 T cells must become activated, migrate to sites of infection, survive at those sites, and expand in order to maximally exert effector functions, and IL-15 can modulate each of these processes. This review focuses on the functions of IL-15 in the regulation of multiple aspects of NK and CD8 T cell biology, investigates the mechanisms by which IL-15 may exert such diverse functions, and discusses how these different facets of IL-15 biology may be therapeutically exploited to combat viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Verbist
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2607, USA
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Lichtfuss GF, Hoy J, Rajasuriar R, Kramski M, Crowe SM, Lewin SR. Biomarkers of immune dysfunction following combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. Biomark Med 2011; 5:171-86. [PMID: 21473720 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, yet their life expectancy remains reduced compared with the general population. Most HIV-infected patients receiving cART have some persistent immune dysfunction characterized by chronic immune activation and premature aging of the immune system. Here we review biomarkers of T-cell activation (CD69, -25 and -38, HLA-DR, and soluble CD26 and -30); generalized immune activation (C-reactive protein, IL-6 and D-dimer); microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, 16S rDNA, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14); and immune dysfunction of specific cellular subsets (T cells, natural killer cells and monocytes) in HIV-infected patients on cART and their relationship to adverse clinical outcomes including impaired CD4 T-cell recovery, as well as non-AIDS clinical events, such as cardiovascular disease.
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Fodil-Cornu N, Loredo-Osti JC, Vidal SM. NK cell receptor/H2-Dk-dependent host resistance to viral infection is quantitatively modulated by H2q inhibitory signals. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001368. [PMID: 21533075 PMCID: PMC3080855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytomegalovirus resistance locus Cmv3 has been linked to an
epistatic interaction between two loci: a Natural Killer (NK) cell receptor gene
and the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) locus. To demonstrate
the interaction between Cmv3 and
H2k, we generated double congenic mice between
MA/My and BALB.K mice and an F2 cross between FVB/N
(H-2q) and BALB.K
(H2k) mice, two strains susceptible to mouse
cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Only mice expressing H2k in
conjunction with Cmv3MA/My or
Cmv3FVB were resistant to MCMV infection.
Subsequently, an F3 cross was carried out between transgenic
FVB/H2-Dk and MHC-I deficient mice in which
only the progeny expressing Cmv3FVB and a single
H2-Dk class-I molecule completely controlled
MCMV viral loads. This phenotype was shown to be NK cell–dependent and
associated with subsequent NK cell proliferation. Finally, we demonstrated that
a number of H2q alleles influence the expression
level of H2q molecules, but not intrinsic functional
properties of NK cells; viral loads, however, were quantitatively proportional
to the number of H2q alleles. Our results support a
model in which H-2q molecules convey Ly49-dependent
inhibitory signals that interfere with the action of
H2-Dk on NK cell activation against MCMV
infection. Thus, the integration of activating and inhibitory signals emanating
from various MHC-I/NK cell receptor interactions regulates NK
cell–mediated control of viral load. Effective natural killer (NK) cell responses against virally infected cells are
regulated by NK cell receptors that specifically recognize target cells. In the
current study, we validated the specific interaction taking place between NK
cell receptors and MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells,
resulting in resistance to cytomegalovirus. Genetic dissection of this mechanism
of interaction revealed that the NK cell response occurs exclusively through the
triggering of the activating Ly49P receptor by the MHC class I
H2-Dk molecule. We observed, in this context,
that NK cells were incapable of clearing the virus when target cells also
expressed MHC class I H2q molecules, which strongly
and quantitatively inhibit NK cells. Our findings reveal that the interplay
between inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors and their MHC class I
ligands generate signals that shape the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Fodil-Cornu
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Life Sciences Complex, Montreal,
Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host
Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Life Sciences Complex, Montreal,
Canada
- McGill Centre for the Study of Host
Resistance, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jennes W, Verheyden S, Demanet C, Menten J, Vuylsteke B, Nkengasong JN, Kestens L. Low CD4+ T cell counts among African HIV-1 infected subjects with group B KIR haplotypes in the absence of specific inhibitory KIR ligands. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17043. [PMID: 21347267 PMCID: PMC3038936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are regulated by interactions between polymorphic killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Genotypic combinations of KIR3DS1/L1 and HLA Bw4-80I were previously shown to influence HIV-1 disease progression, however other KIR genes have not been well studied. In this study, we analyzed the influence of all activating and inhibitory KIR, in association with the known HLA inhibitory KIR ligands, on markers of disease progression in a West African population of therapy-naïve HIV-1 infected subjects. We observed a significant association between carriage of a group B KIR haplotype and lower CD4+ T cell counts, with an additional effect for KIR3DS1 within the frame of this haplotype. In contrast, we found that individuals carrying genes for the inhibitory KIR ligands HLA-Bw4 as well as HLA-C1 showed significantly higher CD4+ T cell counts. These associations were independent from the viral load and from individual HIV-1 protective HLA alleles. Our data suggest that group B KIR haplotypes and lack of specific inhibitory KIR ligand genes, genotypes considered to favor NK cell activation, are predictive of HIV-1 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Jennes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Di Sabatino A, Calarota SA, Vidali F, MacDonald TT, Corazza GR. Role of IL-15 in immune-mediated and infectious diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Brunetta E, Hudspeth KL, Mavilio D. Pathologic natural killer cell subset redistribution in HIV-1 infection: new insights in pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:1119-30. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0410225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Aktas E, Erten G, Kucuksezer UC, Deniz G. Natural killer cells: versatile roles in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 5:405-20. [PMID: 20477037 DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential members of innate immunity and they rapidly respond to a variety of insults via cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Effector functions of NK cells form an important first line of innate immunity against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, as well as an important bridge for the activation of adaptive immune responses. The control of NK-cell activation and killing is now understood to be a highly complex system of diverse inhibitory and activatory receptor-ligand interactions, sensing changes in MHC expression. NK cells have a functional role in innate immunity as the primary source of NK-cell-derived immunoregulatory cytokines, which have been identified in target organs of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, and play a critical role in early defense against infectious agents. This review focuses on recent research of NK cells, summarizing their potential immunoregulatory role in modulating autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Aktas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Specific phenotypic and functional features of natural killer cells from HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors and HIV controllers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 53:564-73. [PMID: 20147841 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181d0c5b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the HIV pathogenesis. Long-term nonprogressor (LTNP) and HIV controllers are rare HIV-infected patients who control viral replication and show delayed disease progression. They represent fascinating models of natural protection against disease progression and for studying the immunological response to the virus. METHODS We have conducted an extensive analysis of the phenotypic and functional properties of CD56, CD56 and CD56/CD16 NK cell subsets from LTNP and HIV-controllers, and compared them with HIV progressors and healthy donors. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis of NK phenotypic markers revealed that LTNP and HIV controllers, exhibit peculiar phenotypic features, associated with high levels of interferon-g, activation markers, and cytolytic activity in CD3CD56 NK cells against K562 target cells. More importantly, cytolytic activity against autologous CD4 T cells is abrogated after treatment with anti-NKp44L mAb, in LTNP and HIV progressors, suggesting a key role of NKp44L. In contrast, in HIV controllers and healthy donors, NKp44L expression on CD4 T cells and autologous NK lysis were both poorly detected. CONCLUSIONS These results show that NK cells from LTNP and HIV controllers display phenotypic and functional features and suggest a consistent continuous involvement of the innate immune response in the failure to control viral replication. Collectively, these data may have important implication in the design of new anti-HIV therapeutical strategies based on the particular functional activity of NK cells.
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Hong HS, Bhatnagar N, Ballmaier M, Schubert U, Henklein P, Volgmann T, Heiken H, Schmidt RE, Meyer-Olson D. Exogenous HIV-1 Vpr disrupts IFN-α response by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and subsequent pDC/NK interplay. Immunol Lett 2009; 125:100-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Role of natural killer cells in a cohort of elite suppressors: low frequency of the protective KIR3DS1 allele and limited inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro. J Virol 2009; 83:5028-34. [PMID: 19211742 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02551-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are associated with the innate immune response and are important in many viral infections. Recent studies indicate that NK cells can control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We studied the effect of NK cells on HIV-1 replication in a subpopulation of HIV-1-infected individuals termed elite suppressors (ES) or elite controllers. These patients maintain a clinically undetectable viral load without treatment and thus provide a fascinating cohort in which to study the immunological response to HIV-1. Using an autologous system, we analyzed the effects of NK cells and CD8(+) T cells on viral replication in CD4(+) T lymphoblasts. Although we had postulated that NK cells of ES would be highly effective at controlling viral replication, we found that NK cells from some, but not all, ES were capable of inhibiting replication in the presence of interleukin-2, and the inhibition was less robust than that mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Additionally, we examined whether particular alleles of the KIR receptors, specifically KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1, or allele-ligand combinations correlated with the control of HIV-1 replication by NK cells and whether any specific KIR alleles were overrepresented in ES. Our ES cohort did not differ from the general population with respect to the frequency of individual KIR. However, of the eight ES studied, the four exhibiting the most NK cell-mediated control of viral replication also had the fewest activating KIR and were haplotype A. Thus, the strong NK cell-mediated inhibition of viral replication is not necessary for the immunological control of HIV-1 in all ES.
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