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Luo X, Liu P, Ye X, He J, Lai Y, Lv Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Yang H, Wei W, Deng C, Kuang S, Wu S, Xue Y, Rao F. Curcumin improves atrial fibrillation susceptibility by regulating tsRNA expression in aging mouse atrium. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17495. [PMID: 39076782 PMCID: PMC11285363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and curcumin can delay aging related disease through reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its target in aging-related AF remains unclear. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a novel short non-coding RNA (sncRNA), and exerts a potential regulatory function in aging. This study was to explore the therapeutic targets of curcumin in atrium of aged mice by PANDORA-seq. Aged mice (18 month) were treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg). Rapid transjugular atrial pacing was performed to observe AF inducibility. SA-β-gal staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and qRT-PCR were used to assess the degree of aging and oxidative stress/inflammation levels. PANDORA-seq was performed to reveal the differentially expressed sncRNAs in the atrium of mice. The results showed that curcumin reduced the susceptibility AF of aged mice by improving aging-related atrial fibrosis. Compared to young mice (5 month) group, aged mice yielded 473 significantly altered tsRNA sequences, while 947 tsRNA sequences were significantly altered after treated with curcumin. Enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes were mainly related to DNA damage and protein modification. Compared with the 5 month group, the expression levels of mature-mt_tRNA-Val-TAC_CCA_end, mature-mt_tRNA-Glu-TTC_CCA_end, and mature-tRNA-Asp-GTC_CCA_end were up-regulated in the 18 month group, while the expression of mature-mt_tRNA-Thr-TGT_5_end was down-regulated. This trend was reversed in the 18 month + curcumin group. Increased cellular ROS levels, inflammation expression and senescence in aged mice atrium were improved by the down-regulation of mature-mt_tRNA-Val-TAC_CCA_end. In conclusion, our findings identified mature-mt_tRNA-Val-TAC_CCA_end participated in the mechanism of aging-related atrial fibrosis, providing new intervention target of aging-related AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panyue Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingdong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingyu Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Yidong Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongbin Wu
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianhuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sujuan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Farahmand Y, Nabiuni M, Vafaei Mastanabad M, Sheibani M, Mahmood BS, Obayes AM, Asadi F, Davallou R. The exo-microRNA (miRNA) signaling pathways in pathogenesis and treatment of stroke diseases: Emphasize on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3917. [PMID: 38379232 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A major factor in long-term impairment is stroke. Patients with persistent stroke and severe functional disabilities have few therapy choices. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the regulation of the pathophysiologic processes of ischemic stroke as shown by altered expression of lncRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) in blood samples of acute ischemic stroke patients. On the other hand, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increase neurogenesis, and angiogenesis, dampen neuroinflammation, and boost brain plasticity to improve functional recovery in experimental stroke models. MSCs can be procured from various sources such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood. Under the proper circumstances, MSCs can differentiate into a variety of mature cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Accordingly, the capability of MSCs to exert neuroprotection and also neurogenesis has recently attracted more attention. Nowadays, lncRNAs and miRNAs derived from MSCs have opened new avenues to alleviate stroke symptoms. Accordingly, in this review article, we examined various studies concerning the lncRNAs and miRNAs' role in stroke pathogenesis and delivered an overview of the therapeutic role of MSC-derived miRNAs and lncRNAs in stroke conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Terhan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabiuni
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vafaei Mastanabad
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sheibani
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ali Mohammed Obayes
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Department of Genetics, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Rosa Davallou
- Department of Neurology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Siences, Gorgan, Iran
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Yu S, Zeng L, Rao F, Deng C, Zhang M, Xiao H, Xiao F, Xue Y, Wu S, Du Z, Wei W. High hydrostatic pressure participates in atrial fibrosis through the p300/p53/Smad3 pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23324. [PMID: 38019188 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
As an independent risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension (HTN) can induce atrial fibrosis through cyclic stretch and hydrostatic pressure. The mechanism by which high hydrostatic pressure promotes atrial fibrosis is unclear yet. p300 and p53/Smad3 play important roles in the process of atrial fibrosis. This study investigated whether high hydrostatic pressure promotes atrial fibrosis by activating the p300/p53/Smad3 pathway. Biochemical experiments were used to study the expression of p300/p53/Smad3 pathway in left atrial appendage (LAA) tissues of patients with sinus rhythm (SR), AF, AF + HTN, and C57/BL6 mice, hypertensive C57/BL6 mice and atrial fibroblasts of mice. To investigate the roles of p300 and p53 in the process of atrial fibrosis, p300 and p53 in mice atrial fibroblasts were knocked in or knocked down, respectively. The expression of p300/p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors was higher in patients with AF and AF + HTN than those with SR only. The expressions of p300/p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors increased in hypertensive mice. Curcumin (Cur) and knocking down of p300 reversed the expressions of these factors. 40 mmHg hydrostatic pressure/overexpression of p300 upregulated the expressions of p300/p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors in mice LAA fibroblasts. While Cur or knocking down p300 reversed these changes. Knocking down/overexpression of p53, the expressions of p53/Smad3 and fibrotic factors also decreased/increased, correspondingly. High hydrostatic pressure promotes atrial fibrosis by activating the p300/p53/Smad3 pathway, which further increases the susceptibility to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Long Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiyin Xiao
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Dongguan Tungwah Songshan Lake Hospital, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Valverde-Megías A, Montolío-Marzo E, Runkle I, Fernández-Vigo JI. Primary hyperaldosteronism in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: a real need for screening? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3193-3200. [PMID: 37490105 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a prevalent ocular disease classified in the pachychoroidal spectrum with an elevated morbidity. Although the pathogenesis is yet unclear, mineralocorticoid-mediated pathways seem to be implicated. Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is a relatively frequent, albeit underdiagnosed, cause of hypertension, and has a specific therapy. A previous study assessed the prevalence of CSCR-like signs in a cohort of patients diagnosed with PA and found signs in seven out of thirteen PA patients. The present study aims to study the contrary, screening for PA in a cohort of acute CSCR patients. METHODS Between March 2017 and September 2018 all patients with acute CSCR were systematically referred to Endocrinology Department after complete ophthalmic evaluation was performed with visual acuity, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. The method applied for detection of PA was the 2-h 25 mg captopril challenge test (CCT). RESULTS Of the nineteen patients screened, two of them had a CCT positive for PA (2-h plasma aldosterone/renin ratio > 50 and/or an aldosterone level of 130 pg/ml or higher), and were treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). No ophthalmic pattern was identified in them in terms of time to resolution, recurrences or features of the acute episode. The only differential feature in the fundus of PA patients was pathological arteriovenous crossings (AVC) as well as elevated BP levels. CONCLUSION a high incidence of PA was found among acute CSCR patients. This preliminary study suggests a need for screening for PA in hypertensive CSCR patients in real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valverde-Megías
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos. C. Profesor Martín Lagos S.N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Montolío-Marzo
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos. C. Profesor Martín Lagos S.N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Runkle
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos. C. Profesor Martín Lagos S.N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Fernández-Vigo
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos. C. Profesor Martín Lagos S.N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Cheng JYK, Lo CWS, Chan ASL, Luk YK, Tsui TKC, Ho CS. Simultaneous quantitation of urine aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone in healthy Chinese subjects using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5694. [PMID: 37354001 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone (ALD) is excreted in urine mainly as glucuronide conjugates of ALD and tetrahydroaldosterone. Measuring these urinary metabolites might be an alternative screening test to plasma ALD for primary aldosteronism. We report a validated LC-MS/MS method to measure both analytes simultaneously. Urine samples underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release the analytes from their glucuronide conjugates followed by organic solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS. The analytical performance of this method was evaluated. The within-batch and between-batch coefficients of variation for urine ALD and urine THA were all ≤5.2 and ≤3.7%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 nmol/L, and the linearity was up to at least 2770 nmol/L for both analytes. No significant matrix interference and carryover were observed. Both analytes in urine were stable for at least 48 h at 10°C and at least 18 months at -80°C. Local reference intervals were established from 126 healthy normotensive Chinese subjects (53% women, age: 20-65 years). Reference intervals for urine ALD and tetrahydroaldosterone were 2-38 and 9-139 nmol/day, respectively. This validated method can be applied to screening and diagnosing primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Yeuk Ki Cheng
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Wai Shan Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan Shek Lun Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Kin Luk
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Teresa Kam Chi Tsui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong
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A New Perspective on the Renin-Angiotensin System. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010016. [PMID: 36611307 PMCID: PMC9818283 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Hypertension is a serious medical problem not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the most important mechanisms regulating blood pressure and the balance of water and electrolytes. According to the latest reports, RAAS acts not only on endocrine but also on paracrine, autocrine, and intracrine. Moreover, RAAS has a component associated with hypotension and cardioprotective effects. These components are called alternative pathways of RAAS. The most important peptide of the alternative pathway is Ang 1-7, which is related to the Mas receptor. Mas receptors have widely known antihypertension properties, including vasodilatation, the release of nitric oxide, and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Another interesting peptide is angiotensin A, which combines the properties of the classical and alternative pathways. No less important components of RAAS are the proteolytic enzymes angiotensin convertase enzyme type 1 and 2. They are responsible for the functioning of the RAAS system and are a hypertension therapeutic target. Also involved are tissue-specific enzymes that form a local renin-angiotensin system. Currently, a combination of drugs is used in hypertension treatment. These drugs have many undesirable side effects that cannot always be avoided. For this reason, new treatments are being sought, and the greatest hope comes from the ACE2/ang 1-7/MasR axis.
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Mariani MV, Pierucci N, Piro A, Trivigno S, Chimenti C, Galardo G, Miraldi F, Vizza CD. Incidence and Determinants of Spontaneous Cardioversion of Early Onset Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1513. [PMID: 36363470 PMCID: PMC9693621 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent chronic arrhythmia worldwide, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, making it a considerable burden both to patients and the healthcare system. Nowadays, an early attempt to restore sinus rhythm in acute symptomatic AF through electrical or pharmacological cardioversion is the most common approach in the Emergency Department (ED). However, considering the high percentage of spontaneous cardioversion of paroxysmal AF reported by many studies, this approach may not be the ideal choice for all patients. In this manuscript we performed a review of the most relevant studies found in literature with the aim of identifying the main determinants of spontaneous cardioversion, focusing on those easy to detect in the ED. We have found that the most relevant predictors of spontaneous cardioversion are the absence of Heart Failure (HF), a small atrial size, recent-onset AF, rapid Atrial Fibrillatory Rate and the relationship between a previous AF episode and Heart Rate/Blood Pressure. A number of those are utilized, along with other easily determined parameters, in the recently developed "ReSinus" score which predicts the likelihood of AF spontaneous cardioversion. Such identification may help the physician decide whether immediate cardioversion is necessary, or whether to adopt a "watch-and-wait" strategy in the presence of spontaneous cardioversion determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valerio Mariani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pierucci
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Piro
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Trivigno
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Galardo
- Medical Emergency Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Yang W, Li H, Cheng Z, Lu Y, Li W, Feng J, Wang L, Cheng J. Dex modulates the balance of water-electrolyte metabolism by depressing the expression of AVP in PVN. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919032. [PMID: 36081946 PMCID: PMC9445239 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic agonist used in clinical anesthesia. Studies have shown that Dex can act on the collecting duct and reduce the body’s water reabsorption, thereby increasing water discharge. However, the specific mechanism of Dex on water homeostasis remains unclear. The hypothalamus is the regulatory center of water and salt balance and secretes related neurochemical hormones, such as arginine vasopressin (AVP), to regulate the discharge of water and salt. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) in the hypothalamus are also considered to be the key targets of the thirst loop. They are responsible for the secretion of AVP. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is also one of the brain regions where AVP neurons are densely distributed in the hypothalamus. This study used C57BL/6J mice for behavior, immunofluorescence, and blood analysis experiments. Our results showed that Dex could not only depress the expression of AVP in the PVN but also reduce serum AVP concentration. The animal water intake was decreased without impairing the difference in food consumption and the urine excretion was enhanced after the intraperitoneal injection of Dex, while AVP supplementation restored the water intake and inhibited the urine excretion of mice in the Dex group. In addition, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is vital to maintaining serum sodium concentration and extracellular volume. We found that serum sodium, serum chloride, serum aldosterone (ALD) concentration, and plasma osmolality were decreased in the Dex group, which inhibited water reabsorption, and the plasma osmolarity of mice in the Dex group supplemented with AVP was significantly higher than that in Dex group. We also found that Dex significantly increased the concentration of blood urea nitrogen and decreased the concentration of creatinine within the normal range of clinical indicators, indicating that there was no substantive lesion in the renal parenchyma. These results showed that Dex could modulate the balance of water-electrolyte metabolism by depressing the expression of AVP in PVN without impairing renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongle Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wuli Li
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liecheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Cheng, ; Liecheng Wang,
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Cheng, ; Liecheng Wang,
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9
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Han X, Yuan Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Yu H, Zhang J, Shi Y, Duan Y, Zhao X, Yan S, Hao H, Dai C, Zhao S, Shi J, Li W, Zhang S, Xu W, Fang N, Gong Y, Li Y. Akkermansia muciniphila prevents cold-related atrial fibrillation in rats by modulation of TMAO induced cardiac pyroptosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104087. [PMID: 35797768 PMCID: PMC9270211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cold exposure is one of the most important risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), and closely related to the poor prognosis of AF patients. However, the mechanisms underlying cold-related AF are poorly understood. Methods Various techniques including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fecal microbiota transplantation, and electrophysiological examination were used to determine whether gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes cold-related AF. Metabonomics were performed to investigate changes in fecal trimethylamine (TMA) and plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) during cold exposure. The detailed mechanism underlying cold-related AF were examined in vitro. Transgenic mice were constructed to explore the role of pyroptosis in cold-related AF. The human cohort was used to evaluate the correlation between A. muciniphila and cold-related AF. Findings We found that cold exposure caused elevated susceptibility to AF and reduced abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) in rats. Intriguingly, oral supplementation of A. muciniphila ameliorated the pro-AF property induced by cold exposure. Mechanistically, cold exposure disrupted the A. muciniphila, by which elevated the level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) through modulation of the microbial enzymes involved in trimethylamine (TMA) synthesis. Correspondingly, progressively increased plasma TMAO levels were validated in human subjects during cold weather. Raised TMAO enhanced the infiltration of M1 macrophages in atria and increased the expression of Casp1-p20 and cleaved-GSDMD, ultimately causing atrial structural remodeling. Furthermore, the mice with conditional deletion of caspase1 exhibited resistance to cold-related AF. More importantly, a cross-sectional clinical study revealed that the reduction of A. muciniphila abundance was an independent risk factor for cold-related AF in human subjects. Interpretation Our findings revealed a novel causal role of aberrant gut microbiota and metabolites in pathogenesis of cold-related AF, which raises the possibility of selectively targeting microbiota and microbial metabolites as a potential therapeutic strategy for cold-related AF. Funding This work was supported by grants from the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81830012), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82070336, No.81974024), Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81900374, No.81900302), and Excellent Young Medical Talents supporting project in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (No. HYD2020YQ0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yunlong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiya Shi
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongting Hao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chenguang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongtai Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Translation, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin 150081, China.
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10
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Stavropoulos K, Imprialos KP, Patoulias D, Katsimardou A, Doumas M. Impact of Primary Aldosteronism in Resistant Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:285-294. [PMID: 35445928 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the latest data on the association between primary aldosteronism and resistant hypertension, as well as to emphasize the necessity for screening for primary aldosteronism all patients with resistant hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological data suggests that up to one out of five patients with resistant hypertension suffer from primary aldosteronism. Patients with primary aldosteronism have increased incidence of renal disease, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea, as well as they are characterized by an extended target organ damage and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific treatments for primary hyperaldosteronism (adrenalectomy and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) have significant impact on blood pressure, can reverse target organ damage, and mitigate cardiovascular risk. All patients with resistant hypertension should be evaluated for primary aldosteronism. Patients diagnosed with the disease may further undergo lateralization with adrenal vein sampling in order to receive the optimal therapeutic option which results in significant improvements in quality of life and cardiovascular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Katsimardou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Ivanov V, Smereka Y, Rasputin V, Dmytriiev K. Homocysteine and atrial fibrillation: novel evidences and insights. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022; 93. [PMID: 35443572 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent rhythm disorders worldwide, with around 37.574 million cases around the globe (0.51 % global population). Different studies showed a high informative value of different biomarkers, including such related to the systemic inflammation, biomechanical stress and fibrosis. In this review article we aimed to study only the relation of homocysteine to the AF development. Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, that is produced in the process of methionine metabolism. Which is a non-canonical amino acid, that is derived from the food proteins. From the scientific point of view there is a relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and myocardial fibrosis, but these mechanisms are complicated and not sufficiently studied. Homocysteine regulates activity of the ion channels through their redox state. Elevated homocysteine level can condition electrical remodeling of the cardiomyocytes through the increase of sodium current and change in the function of rapid sodium channels, increase of inwards potassium current and decrease in amount of rapid potassium channels. High homocysteine concentration also leads to the shortening of the action potential, loss of the rate adaptation of the action potential and persistent circulation of the re-entry waves. In a series of experimental studies on mice there was an association found between the homocysteine level and activity of vascular inflammation. Elevation of homocysteine level is an independent factor of the thromboembolic events and AF relapses. Population studies showed, that homocysteine is an independent risk factor for AF. So, homocysteine is an interesting target for up-stream therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Ivanov
- Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia.
| | - Yuliia Smereka
- Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Center of Cardiovascular Pathology, Vinnytsia.
| | - Volodymyr Rasputin
- Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Center of Cardiovascular Pathology, Vinnytsia.
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12
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Lin X, Ullah MHE, Wu X, Xu F, Shan SK, Lei LM, Yuan LQ, Liu J. Cerebro-Cardiovascular Risk, Target Organ Damage, and Treatment Outcomes in Primary Aldosteronism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:798364. [PMID: 35187110 PMCID: PMC8847442 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.798364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common type of endocrine hypertension, and numerous experimental and clinical evidence have verified that prolonged exposure to excess aldosterone is responsible for an increased risk of cerebro-cardiovascular events and target organ damage (TOD) in patients with PA. Therefore, focusing on restoring the toxic effects of excess aldosterone on the target organs is very important to reduce cerebro-cardiovascular events. Current evidence convincingly demonstrates that both surgical and medical treatment strategies would benefit cerebro-cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the long term. Understanding cerebro-cardiovascular risk in PA would help clinical doctors to achieve both early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the cerebro-cardiovascular risk in PA, focusing on the TOD of aldosterone, including brain, heart, vascular system, renal, adipose tissues, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Furthermore, the various treatment outcomes of adrenalectomy and medical treatment for patients with PA will also be discussed. We hope this knowledge will help improve cerebro-cardiovascular prognosis and reduce the incidence and mortality of cerebro-cardiovascular events in patients with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Ling-Qing Yuan
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Department of Radiology Quality Control Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu
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13
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Primary Hyperaldosteronism: When to Suspect It and How to Confirm Its Diagnosis. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) has shifted, as progress has been made in understanding the disease. PA can be produced by unilateral or bilateral cortical adrenal hyperproduction of aldosterone, due to hyperplasia, aldosterone-secreting cell clusters, aldosterone-producing macro or micro adenoma/s, and combinations of the above, or by an aldosterone-producing carcinoma. PA is a highly prevalent disease, affecting close to 10% of the hypertensive population. However, PA is clearly underdiagnosed. The purpose of this review is to address current knowledge of PA’s clinical manifestations, as well as current methods of diagnosis. PA is associated with a higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than essential hypertension with similar blood pressure control. Young hypertensive patients, those with a first-degree relative with PA or ictus, and/or those with apnea/hypopnea syndrome, moderate/severe/resistant hypertension, adrenal incidentaloma, and/or hypokalemia should be screened for PA. PA can induce atrial fibrillation (AF), and those patients should also be screened for PA. We propose the use of the Captopril challenge test (CCT), oral salt loading, or intravenous salt loading for PA diagnosis, given their availability in the majority of hospital centers. CCT could be first-line, since it is safe and easy to perform.
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14
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Yuan K, Zhao P, Wang L. Molecular mechanism of atrial remodeling in patients with aging atrial fibrillation under the expression of microRNA-1 and microRNA-21. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12905-12916. [PMID: 34957910 PMCID: PMC8810186 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression levels of microRNA-1 (miRNA-1) and microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in the atrial tissues of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the molecular mechanism of action in atrial remodeling. Patients with valvular heart disease were selected as the subjects. The ultrastructure, degree of myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis index (AI), expression of microRNA-1, expression of microRNA-21, and mRNA of TIMP-1, MMP-9, BCL-2, and Bax of patients were compared and analyzed in each group. The results showed that the degree of myocardial fibrosis and AI in patients with AF of the same age were extremely higher than those of patients with sinus rhythm (SR) (P < 0.01). Patients with AF showed much higher messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of mini-mental Parkinson 9 (MMP9) and Bax and obvious lover mRNA levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and Bcl-2 compared with patients with sinus rhythm (SR) (P < 0.05). It indicated that the expression of miRNA-1 in the AF patients was markedly down-regulated, and that miRNA-21 was up-regulated. This showed that microRNA-1 and microRNA-21 were involved in the molecular remodeling of aging AF through the regulation of primers, which would provide a critical basis for diagnosis and treatment of aging AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Hebei People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Hebei People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Zhang L, Wang X, Huang C. A narrative review of non-coding RNAs in atrial fibrillation: potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1486. [PMID: 34734038 PMCID: PMC8506732 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This review summarizes the advances in the study of ncRNAs and atrial remodeling mechanisms to explore potential therapeutic targets and strategies for AF. Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, and its morbidity and mortality rates are gradually increasing. Non-coding ribonucleic acid RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from the genome and do not have the ability to be translated into proteins. A growing body of evidence has shown ncRNAs are extensively involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying AF. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of these associations have not been fully elucidated. Atrial remodeling plays a key role in the occurrence and development of AF, and includes electrical remodeling, structural remodeling, and autonomic nerve remodeling. Research has shown that ncRNA expression is altered in the plasma and tissues of AF patients that mediate cardiac excitation and arrhythmia, and is closely related to atrial remodeling. Methods Literatures about ncRNAs and atrial fibrillation were extensively reviewed to discuss and analyze. Conclusions The biology of ncRNAs represents a relatively new field of research and is still in an emerging stage. Recent studies have laid a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of AF, future studies aimed at identifying how ncRNAs act on atrial fibrillation to provide potentially promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Yan B, Liu T, Yao C, Liu X, Du Q, Pan L. LncRNA XIST shuttled by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses myocardial pyroptosis in atrial fibrillation by disrupting miR-214-3p-mediated Arl2 inhibition. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1427-1438. [PMID: 34389797 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), a type of heart arrhythmia, have not been fully identified. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the progression of AF. The current study aimed to ascertain the means by which X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), a lncRNA, contributes to the pathogenesis of AF in an animal model or in atrial myocytes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mouse adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were isolated, transfected with XIST, and either injected into AF mouse models or incubated with atrial myocytes. The in vitro and in vivo effects of EV-derived XIST on myocardial pyroptosis were determined by Western blot analysis of pyroptosis-related protein and an ELISA for inflammatory factors. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a relationship between XIST, microRNA (miR)-214-3p, and Arl2, which was subsequently verified by a dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Functional experiments were performed to elucidate whether changes in miR-214-3p or Arl2 regulated the effect of XIST on myocardial pyroptosis. Overexpressed XIST from AMSC-EVs were found to decrease myocardial pyroptosis while alleviating inflammation, which was demonstrated by reduced expression of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleared-caspase-1/caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD), as well as the amount of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in both the cardiomyocytes and AF mouse tissues. Mechanistically, XIST is a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-214-3p, triggering upregulation of its target gene Arl2. Silencing of Arl2 or overexpression miR-214-3p reversed the effects of XIST on inflammation and pyroptosis. Taken together, the key findings of our study suggest that XIST may blunt myocardial pyroptosis by absorbing miR-214-3p to promote Arl2 expression, providing encouraging insight into XIST-based targeted therapy for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Cardiology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.
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Barkhudaryan A, Doehner W, Scherbakov N. Ischemic Stroke and Heart Failure: Facts and Numbers. An Update. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051146. [PMID: 33803423 PMCID: PMC7967189 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a severe clinical syndrome accompanied by a number of comorbidities. Ischemic stroke occurs frequently in patients with HF as a complication of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the current state of research on the role of cardio–cerebral interactions in the prevalence, etiology, and prognosis of both diseases. The main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of stroke in HF and vice versa are discussed. In addition, we reviewed the results of recent clinical trials investigating the prevalence and prevention of stroke in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush Barkhudaryan
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of General and Invasive Cardiology, University Hospital No 1, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Scherbakov
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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