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Spaziani G, Surace FC, Girolami F, Bianco F, Bucciarelli V, Bonanni F, Bennati E, Arcieri L, Favilli S. Hereditary Thoracic Aortic Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38201421 PMCID: PMC10795846 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in both imaging techniques and genetics have led to the recognition of a wide variety of aortic anomalies that can be grouped under the term 'hereditary thoracic aortic diseases'. The present review aims to summarize this very heterogeneous population's clinical, genetic, and imaging characteristics and to discuss the implications of the diagnosis for clinical counselling (on sports activity or pregnancy), medical therapies and surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Spaziani
- Pediatric and Transition Cardiology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Francesca Chiara Surace
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.S.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Francesca Girolami
- Pediatric and Transition Cardiology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Francesco Bianco
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.S.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Valentina Bucciarelli
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.S.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Francesca Bonanni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Study of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Elena Bennati
- Pediatric and Transition Cardiology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Luigi Arcieri
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.S.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Silvia Favilli
- Pediatric and Transition Cardiology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
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Bastrup JA, Jepps TA. Proteomic mapping reveals dysregulated angiogenesis in the cerebral arteries of rats with early-onset hypertension. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105221. [PMID: 37660920 PMCID: PMC10558802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with the presence of vascular abnormalities, including remodeling and rarefaction. These processes play an important role in cerebrovascular disease development; however, the mechanistic changes leading to these diseases are not well characterized. Using data-independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry analysis, here we determined the protein changes in cerebral arteries in pre- and early-onset hypertension from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a model that resembles essential hypertension in humans. Our analysis identified 125 proteins with expression levels that were significantly upregulated or downregulated in 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Using an angiogenesis enrichment analysis, we further identified a critical imbalance in angiogenic proteins that promoted an anti-angiogenic profile in cerebral arteries at early onset of hypertension. In a comparison to previously published data, we demonstrate that this angiogenic imbalance is not present in mesenteric and renal arteries from age-matched SHRs. Finally, we identified two proteins (Fbln5 and Cdh13), whose expression levels were critically altered in cerebral arteries compared to the other arterial beds. The observation of an angiogenic imbalance in cerebral arteries from the SHR reveals critical protein changes in the cerebrovasculature at the early onset of hypertension and provides novel insights into the early pathology of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim A Bastrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Peduto C, Zanobio M, Nigro V, Perrotta S, Piluso G, Santoro C. Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Pediatric Aspects and Review of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1217. [PMID: 36831560 PMCID: PMC9954221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant condition, with a birth incidence of approximately 1:2000-3000, caused by germline pathogenic variants in NF1, a tumor suppressor gene encoding neurofibromin, a negative regulator of the RAS/MAPK pathway. This explains why NF1 is included in the group of RASopathies and shares several clinical features with Noonan syndrome. Here, we describe the main clinical characteristics and complications associated with NF1, particularly those occurring in pediatric age. NF1 has complete penetrance and shows wide inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability and age-dependent appearance of manifestations. Clinical presentation and history of NF1 are multisystemic and highly unpredictable, especially in the first years of life when penetrance is still incomplete. In this scenario of extreme phenotypic variability, some genotype-phenotype associations need to be taken into consideration, as they strongly impact on genetic counseling and prognostication of the disease. We provide a synthetic review, based on the most recent literature data, of all known genotype-phenotype correlations from a genetic and clinical perspective. Molecular diagnosis is fundamental for the confirmation of doubtful clinical diagnoses, especially in the light of recently revised diagnostic criteria, and for the early identification of genotypes, albeit few, that correlate with specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Peduto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Zanobio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Piluso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Santoro
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi de Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Physical and Mental Health, and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Lu YT, Zhang D, Liu XC, Zhang QY, Dong XQ, Fan P, Xiao Y, Zhou XL. Identification of NF1 Frameshift Variants in Two Chinese Families With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Early-Onset Hypertension. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:785982. [PMID: 34988040 PMCID: PMC8721095 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.785982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. It is characterized by multiple café-au-lait macules, cutaneous neurofibromas, optic glioma, Lisch nodules, and axillary and inguinal freckling. The aim of this study was to investigate NF1 mutations in two Chinese families with NF-1 who presented with early-onset hypertension, and to determine the prevalence of hypertension associated with NF-1 to better understand this complication. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the probands with NF-1 from two unrelated families. Possible pathogenic mutation was predicted by bioinformatic tools. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm candidate variants in all available individuals for familial co-segregation analysis. We also performed a systematic literature review of studies that reported the prevalence of hypertension in patients with NF-1. Results: In family 1, a recurrent mutation c.6789_6792delTTAC in NF1 was identified in the proband but in no other family members, indicating that this is a de novo mutation. In family 2, a novel mutation c.6934_6936delGCAinsTGCT in NF1 was detected in the proband and two other family members, which co-segregated with the disease phenotype within the family. Both mutations were predicted to be pathogenic by bioinformatic analysis. We found hypertension was a relatively common complication of NF-1, with a prevalence range of 6.1-23.4%. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a stable method for detecting initial alterations of the blood pressure pattern, particularly for pre-hypertension. Conclusions: We identified one recurrent (c.6789_6792delTTAC) and one novel frame-shift mutation (c.6934_6936delGCAinsTGCT) in two unrelated families with NF-1 using whole-exome sequencing. In consideration of phenotypic heterogeneity in NF-1, genetic testing is a robust tool which helps early and accurate diagnosis. Because hypertension is not a rare complication of NF-1, routine screening for hypertension in patients with NF-1, especially children and adolescents, is important to avoid serious cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qi Dong
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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