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Mukherjee AK, Gupta G, Adhikari A, Majumder S, Kar Mahapatra S, Bhattacharyya Majumdar S, Majumdar S. Miltefosine triggers a strong proinflammatory cytokine response during visceral leishmaniasis: Role of TLR4 and TLR9. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:565-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bianciardi P, Brovida C, Valente M, Aresu L, Cavicchioli L, Vischer C, Giroud L, Castagnaro M. Administration of Miltefosine and Meglumine Antimoniate in Healthy Dogs: Clinicopathological Evaluation of the Impact on the Kidneys. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:770-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623309344088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In canine leishmaniosis (CanL), kidneys are affected in virtually all dogs. Treatment of CanL is limited in Europe to meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine. This study evaluated the pharmacological, toxicological, and pathological effects of both drugs in healthy beagle dogs. Four male and four female dogs were divided into two groups. The animals in Group 1 were administered an oral solution of 2% of miltefosine at 2 mg/kg b.w. once a day, for twenty-eight days. The animals in Group 2 were administered a preparation of meglumine antimoniate at 100 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously once a day for twenty-eight days. After treatment, all dogs were followed-up for a further twenty-eight days. Dogs were observed daily and clinically examined ten times throughout the study. On days -1 and 55 a renal biopsy was performed on all dogs and analyzed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. All the examinations failed to demonstrate any lesions in the miltefosine-treated dogs. Conversely, all the meglumine antimoniate–treated dogs demonstrated severe tubular damage, characterized by tubular cell necrosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, although no clinical signs of renal disease were evident, the use of meglumine antimoniate in the pharmacological treatment approach of CanL-affected dogs should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Brovida
- ANUBI Ospedale per Animali da Compagnia, 10024 Moncalieri, Torino, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Valente
- Department of Medical-Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padua, Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Patologia Comparata e Igiene Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Patologia Comparata e Igiene Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Patologia Comparata e Igiene Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Edelfosine induces an apoptotic process in Leishmania infantum that is regulated by the ectopic expression of Bcl-XL and Hrk. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3779-82. [PMID: 18644968 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01665-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkyl-lysophospholipids edelfosine and miltefosine induce apoptosis in Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The finding that edelfosine-induced cell death can be regulated by the ectopic expression of the antiapoptotic and proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins Bcl-X(L) and Hrk suggests that this process is similar to apoptosis in eukaryotic cells.
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Verma NK, Dey CS. Possible mechanism of miltefosine-mediated death of Leishmania donovani. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3010-5. [PMID: 15273114 PMCID: PMC478494 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.8.3010-3015.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Miltefosine causes leishmanial death, but the possible mechanism(s) of action is not known. The mode of action of miltefosine was investigated in vitro in Leishmania donovani promastigotes as well as in extra- and intracellular amastigotes. Here, we demonstrate that miltefosine induces apoptosis-like death in L. donovani based on observed phenomena such as nuclear DNA condensation, DNA fragmentation with accompanying ladder formation, and in situ labeling of DNA fragments by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method. Understanding of miltefosine-mediated death will facilitate the design of new therapeutic strategies against Leishmania parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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