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Sabin NS, Calliope AS, Simpson SV, Arima H, Ito H, Nishimura T, Yamamoto T. Implications of human activities for (re)emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:29. [PMID: 32977862 PMCID: PMC7517057 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics. In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries. It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment. However, it is possible to face a new disease or to reduce the risk of its spread by implementing better early warning systems and effective disease control and prevention, e.g., effective global surveillance, development of technology for better diagnostics, effective treatments, and vaccines, the global political will to respond to any threats and multidisciplinary collaboration involving all sectors in charge of good health maintenance. In this review, we generally describe some factors related to human activities and show how they can play a role in the transmission and spread of infectious diseases by using some diseases as examples. Additionally, we describe and discuss major factors that are facilitating the spread of the new pandemic known as COVID-19 worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nundu Sabiti Sabin
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akintije Simba Calliope
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shirley Victoria Simpson
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Arima
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishimura
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Leading Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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