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Lobato-Camacho FJ, Faísca L. Object Recognition Memory Deficits in ADHD: A Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09645-3. [PMID: 38907905 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Object recognition memory allows us to identify previously seen objects. This type of declarative memory is a primary process for learning. Despite its crucial role in everyday life, object recognition has received far less attention in ADHD research compared to verbal recognition memory. In addition to the existence of a small number of published studies, the results have been inconsistent, possibly due to the diversity of tasks used to assess recognition memory. In the present meta-analysis, we have collected studies from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases up to May 2023. We have compiled studies that assessed visual object recognition memory with specific visual recognition tests (sample-match delayed tasks) in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. A total of 28 studies with 1619 participants diagnosed with ADHD were included. The studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Quadas-2 tool and for each study, Cohen's d was calculated to estimate the magnitude of the difference in performance between groups. As a main result, we have found a worse recognition memory performance in ADHD participants when compared to their matched controls (overall Cohen's d ~ 0.492). We also observed greater heterogeneity in the magnitude of this deficit among medicated participants compared to non-medicated individuals, as well as a smaller deficit in studies with a higher proportion of female participants. The magnitude of the object recognition memory impairment in ADHD also seems to depend on the assessment method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Lobato-Camacho
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Camilo José Cela, 41018, Seville, S/N, Spain.
| | - Luís Faísca
- Departamento de Psicología e Ciências da Educação & Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS@RISE), Universidade Do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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2
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Roberts BRT, Meade ME, Fernandes MA. Brain regions supporting retrieval of words drawn at encoding: fMRI evidence for multimodal reactivation. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01591-y. [PMID: 38865077 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Memory for words that are drawn or sketched by the participant, rather than written, during encoding is typically superior. While this drawing benefit has been reliably demonstrated in recent years, there has yet to be an investigation of its neural basis. Here, we asked participants to either create drawings, repeatedly write, or list physical characteristics depicting each target word during encoding. Participants then completed a recognition memory test for target words while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioural results showed memory was significantly higher for words drawn than written, replicating the typical drawing effect. Memory for words whose physical characteristics were listed at encoding was also higher than for those written repeatedly, but lower than for those drawn. Voxel-wise analyses of fMRI data revealed two distributed sets of brain regions more active for items drawn relative to written, the left angular gyrus (BA 39) and bilateral frontal (BA 10) regions, suggesting integration and self-referential processing during retrieval of drawn words. Brain-behaviour correlation analyses showed that the size of one's memory benefit for words drawn relative to written at encoding was positively correlated with activation in brain regions linked to visual representation and imagery (BA 17 and cuneus) and motor planning (premotor and supplementary motor areas; BA 6). This study suggests that drawing benefits memory by coactivating multiple sensory traces. Target words drawn during encoding are subsequently remembered by re-engaging visual, motoric, and semantic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady R T Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Melissa E Meade
- Department of Psychology, Huron College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myra A Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Zhou J, Wearn A, Huck J, Hughes C, Baracchini G, Tremblay-Mercier J, Poirier J, Villeneuve S, Tardif CL, Chakravarty MM, Daugherty AM, Gauthier CJ, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Iron Deposition and Distribution Across the Hippocampus Is Associated with Pattern Separation and Pattern Completion in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1973232024. [PMID: 38388425 PMCID: PMC11079967 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1973-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated iron deposition in the brain has been observed in older adult humans and persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and has been associated with lower cognitive performance. We investigated the impact of iron deposition, and its topographical distribution across hippocampal subfields and segments (anterior, posterior) measured along its longitudinal axis, on episodic memory in a sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults at elevated familial risk for AD (N = 172, 120 females, 52 males; mean age = 68.8 ± 5.4 years). MRI-based quantitative susceptibility maps were acquired to derive estimates of hippocampal iron deposition. The Mnemonic Similarity Task was used to measure pattern separation and pattern completion, two hippocampally mediated episodic memory processes. Greater hippocampal iron load was associated with lower pattern separation and higher pattern completion scores, both indicators of poorer episodic memory. Examination of iron levels within hippocampal subfields across its long axis revealed topographic specificity. Among the subfields and segments investigated here, iron deposition in the posterior hippocampal CA1 was the most robustly and negatively associated with the fidelity memory representations. This association remained after controlling for hippocampal volume and was observed in the context of normal performance on standard neuropsychological memory measures. These findings reveal that the impact of iron load on episodic memory performance is not uniform across the hippocampus. Both iron deposition levels as well as its spatial distribution, must be taken into account when examining the relationship between hippocampal iron and episodic memory in older adults at elevated risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alfie Wearn
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Julia Huck
- Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1G 1E4, Canada
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Colleen Hughes
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Giulia Baracchini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Judes Poirier
- StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Christine Lucas Tardif
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Claudine J Gauthier
- Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
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Adams J, Sherman SM, Williams HL. Revisiting Snodgrass and Vanderwart in photograph form: The Keele Photo Stimulus Set (KPSS). Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:3861-3872. [PMID: 38332413 PMCID: PMC11133023 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years, object recognition studies have moved from using simple line drawings, to more detailed illustrations, to more ecologically valid photographic representations. Researchers now have access to various stimuli sets, however, existing sets lack the ability to independently manipulate item format, as the concepts depicted are unique to the set they derive from. To enable such comparisons, Rossion and Pourtois (2004) revisited Snodgrass and Vanderwart's (1980) line drawings and digitally re-drew the objects, adding texture and shading. In the current study, we took this further and created a set of stimuli that showcase the same objects in photographic form. We selected six photographs of each object (three color/three grayscale) and collected normative data and RTs. Naming accuracy and agreement was high for all photographs and appeared to steadily increase with format distinctiveness. In contrast to previous data patterns for drawings, naming agreement (H values) did not differ between grey and color photographs, nor did familiarity ratings. However, grey photographs received significantly lower mental imagery agreement and visual complexity scores than color photographs. This suggests that, in comparison to drawings, the ecological nature of photographs may facilitate deeper critical evaluation of whether they offer a good match to a mental representation. Color may therefore play a more vital role in photographs than in drawings, aiding participants in judging the match with their mental representation. This new photographic stimulus set and corresponding normative data provide valuable materials for a wide range of experimental studies of object recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Adams
- School of Psychology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Susan M Sherman
- School of Psychology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Helen L Williams
- School of Psychology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Levi A, Pugsley A, Fernandes MA, Turner GR, Gilboa A. Drawing improves memory in patients with hippocampal damage. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-023-01505-4. [PMID: 38180603 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a critical role in the formation of declarative memories, and hippocampal damage leads to significant impairments in new memory formation. Drawing can serve as a form of multi-modal encoding that improves declarative memory performance relative to other multimodal encoding strategies such as writing. We examined whether, and to what extent, patients with hippocampal damage could benefit from the mnemonic strategy of drawing. Three patients with focal hippocampal damage, and one patient with both hippocampal and cortical lesions, in addition to 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls, were shown a list of words one at a time during encoding and instructed to either draw a picture or repeatedly write each word for 40 s. Following a brief filled delay, free recall and recognition memory for words from both encoding trial types were assessed. Controls showed enhanced recall and recognition memory for words drawn versus those that were written, an effect that was even more pronounced in patients with focal hippocampal damage. By contrast, the patient with both hippocampal and cortical lesions showed no drawing-mediated boost in either recall or recognition memory. These findings demonstrate that drawing is an effective encoding strategy, likely accruing from the engagement of extra-hippocampal processes including the integration of cortical-based motor, visual, and semantic processing, enabling more elaborative encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levi
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St., North York, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - A Pugsley
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St., North York, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M A Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - G R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Gilboa
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St., North York, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Stricker JL, Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Wiepert DA, Botha H, Jones DT, Stricker NH. Neural network process simulations support a distributed memory system and aid design of a novel computer adaptive digital memory test for preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:698-715. [PMID: 36037486 PMCID: PMC9971333 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence supports the importance of learning as a central deficit in preclinical/prodromal Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this study were to conduct a series of neural network simulations to develop a functional understanding of a distributed, nonmodular memory system that can learn efficiently without interference. This understanding is applied to the development of a novel digital memory test. METHOD Simulations using traditional feed forward neural network architectures to learn simple logic problems are presented. The simulations demonstrate three limitations: (a) inefficiency, (b) an inability to learn problems consistently, and (c) catastrophic interference when given multiple problems. A new mirrored cascaded architecture is introduced to address these limitations, with support provided by a series of simulations. RESULTS The mirrored cascaded architecture demonstrates efficient and consistent learning relative to feed forward networks but also suffers from catastrophic interference. Addition of context values to add the capability of distinguishing features as part of learning eliminates the problem of interference in the mirrored cascaded, but not the feed forward, architectures. CONCLUSIONS A mirrored cascaded architecture addresses the limitations of traditional feed forward neural networks, provides support for a distributed memory system, and emphasizes the importance of context to avoid interference. These process models contributed to the design of a digital computer-adaptive word list learning test that places maximum stress on the capability to distinguish specific episodes of learning. Process simulations provide a useful method of testing models of brain function and contribute to new approaches to neuropsychological assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David T. Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nikki H. Stricker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Okada K, Hashimoto K, Kobayashi K. Cholinergic regulation of object recognition memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:996089. [PMID: 36248033 PMCID: PMC9557046 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.996089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Object recognition memory refers to a basic memory mechanism to identify and recall various features of objects. This memory has been investigated by numerous studies in human, primates and rodents to elucidate the neuropsychological underpinnings in mammalian memory, as well as provide the diagnosis of dementia in some neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Since Alzheimer's disease at the early stage is reported to be accompanied with cholinergic cell loss and impairment in recognition memory, the central cholinergic system has been studied to investigate the neural mechanism underlying recognition memory. Previous studies have suggested an important role of cholinergic neurons in the acquisition of some variants of object recognition memory in rodents. Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and ventral diagonal band of Broca that project mainly to the hippocampus and parahippocampal area are related to recognition memory for object location. Cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis innervating the entire cortex are associated with recognition memory for object identification. Especially, the brain regions that receive cholinergic projections, such as the perirhinal cortex and prefrontal cortex, are involved in recognition memory for object-in-place memory and object recency. In addition, experimental studies using rodent models for Alzheimer's disease have reported that neurodegeneration within the central cholinergic system causes a deficit in object recognition memory. Elucidating how various types of object recognition memory are regulated by distinct cholinergic cell groups is necessary to clarify the neuronal mechanism for recognition memory and the development of therapeutic treatments for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Wattanathorn J, Somboonporn W, Thukham-Mee W, Sungkamnee S. Memory-Enhancing Effect of 8-Week Consumption of the Quercetin-Enriched Culinary Herbs-Derived Functional Ingredients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172678. [PMID: 36076862 PMCID: PMC9455773 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to great demand for memory enhancers, the memory-enhancing effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of the functional ingredients derived from the combined extract of Polygonum odoratum and Morus alba were investigated. A total of 45 participants randomly received either a placebo or the developed herbal supplement at a dose of 50 or 1500 mg/day. The consumption was done once daily for 8 weeks. Working memory was assessed via both an event-related potential and computerized battery tests at baseline and at the end of the 8-week study period. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase type A and type B (MAO-A, MAO-B) levels were also measured at the end of the study. The subjects who consumed the supplement containing a developed functional ingredient at a dose of 1500 mg/day showed reduced latencies but increased amplitudes of N100 and P300. An improvement in working memory and the suppression of AChE, MAO-A, and MAO-B activities were also observed. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates the cognitive enhancing effect of the developed herbal congee, which may be associated with the suppressions of AChE and both types of MAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81-8721809
| | - Woraluck Somboonporn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-Mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Sungkamnee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Meyer SRA, Boelaarts L, Lindeboom J, De Jonghe JFM, Ponds R. Episodic recognition memory based on incidental learning of visual associations is largely preserved compared to recall in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:23-31. [PMID: 31868038 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1703705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated preserved episodic recognition memory based on incidental learning of visual associations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a cross-sectional design, we analyzed episodic memory score profiles of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) (n = 42) or mild AD (n = 19) who had hippocampal atrophy, and healthy elderly controls (n = 43). The Visual Association Test-Extended served as a measure of episodic memory. Multiple-choice cued recognition was compared with paired associate recall and free recall within groups. Results showed that patients recognized learned material much better compared to when they had to recall material, resulting in large effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. We conclude that episodic recognition memory based on incidental learning of visual associations is largely preserved when compared to recall in a-MCI and mild AD. This suggests that the episodic memory impairment in AD may be characterized as a retrieval impairment rather than a consolidation impairment, indicating that preserved recognition compared to recall may be compatible with AD being the correct diagnosis. Measuring the episodic memory impairment in AD may benefit from using tests that capture different aspects of memory processes such as incidental learning of visual associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rainer Albert Meyer
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northwest Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Leo Boelaarts
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northwest Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Lindeboom
- Department of Medical Psychology, Medical Center of Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jos F M De Jonghe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northwest Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Ponds
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Duff K, Suhrie KR, Dalley BCA, Porter SM, Dixon AM. Recognition subtests for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: Preliminary data in cognitively intact older adults, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 35:1415-1425. [PMID: 32883179 PMCID: PMC7925698 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1812724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) has three delayed recall subtests (list, story, figure), but only one delayed recognition subtest (list). Since comparisons between delayed recall and recognition can be useful in clinical neuropsychology, the current study sought to develop and preliminarily examine two proposed new subtests for Form A of the RBANS, Story Recognition and Figure Recognition. Method: A sample of older adults who were cognitively intact (n = 48) or classified with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI, n = 29) or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 24) were administered the RBANS and the two new recognition subtests. Results: In the primary analyses, cognitively intact participants performed significantly better than the two memory-impaired groups on all twelve scores (one recall and three recognition [total, hits, false positive errors] for the list, story, and figure). For amnestic MCI and AD participants, they showed statistically comparable scores on 7 of the 12 variables, where those with MCI performed better than those with AD on the other five scores. Across the three groups, effect sizes were large (e.g., Cohen's d = 1.0-2.9). In secondary analyses, all of the List Recall and Recognition scores significantly correlated with one another, and this pattern was observed for all of the Story Recall and Recognition scores and most of the Figure Recall and Recognition scores. Conclusions: Although preliminary, these new recognition scores appear to provide useful information and may improve the sensitivity of the RBANS in identifying cortical/subcortical profiles in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Duff
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kayla R Suhrie
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bonnie C A Dalley
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sariah M Porter
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ava M Dixon
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging and Research, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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11
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Martín-Sánchez A, Piñero J, Nonell L, Arnal M, Ribe EM, Nevado-Holgado A, Lovestone S, Sanz F, Furlong LI, Valverde O. Comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and major depression: a behavioural and transcriptomic characterization study in mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:73. [PMID: 33795014 PMCID: PMC8017643 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disease in the population and is considered a prodromal stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite both diseases having a robust genetic component, the common transcriptomic signature remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the cognitive and emotional behavioural responses in 3- and 6-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mice, before β-amyloid plaques were detected. We studied the genetic and pathway deregulation in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and amygdala of mice at both ages, using transcriptomic and functional data analysis. RESULTS We found that depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as memory impairments, are already present at 3-month-old APP/PSEN1-Tg mutant mice together with the deregulation of several genes, such as Ciart, Grin3b, Nr1d1 and Mc4r, and other genes including components of the circadian rhythms, electron transport chain and neurotransmission in all brain areas. Extending these results to human data performing GSEA analysis using DisGeNET database, it provides translational support for common deregulated gene sets related to MD and AD. CONCLUSIONS The present study sheds light on the shared genetic bases between MD and AD, based on a comprehensive characterization from the behavioural to transcriptomic level. These findings suggest that late MD could be an early manifestation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- MARGenomics core facility, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Arnal
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M Ribe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alejo Nevado-Holgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd., Janssen-Cilag, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Shu H, Gu L, Yang P, Lucas MV, Gao L, Zhang H, Zhang H, Xu Z, Wu W, Li L, Zhang Z. Disturbed temporal dynamics of episodic retrieval activity with preserved spatial activity pattern in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102572. [PMID: 33548865 PMCID: PMC7868727 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The HC and aMCI subjects showed similar retrieval success patterns in fMRI analysis. The aMCI showed diminished ERP old/new effects within the retrieval success pattern. Disturbed fMRI correlate of ERP recollection component was related to EM function. The aMCI showed disturbed cognitive processes despite of the preserved fMRI pattern.
Episodic memory (EM) deficit is the core cognitive dysfunction of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the episodic retrieval pattern detected by functional MRI (fMRI) appears preserved in aMCI subjects. To address this discrepancy, simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI recording was employed to determine whether temporal dynamics of brain episodic retrieval activity were disturbed in patients with aMCI. Twenty-six aMCI and 29 healthy control (HC) subjects completed a word-list memory retrieval task during simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The retrieval success activation pattern was detected with fMRI analysis, and the familiarity- and recollection-related components of episodic retrieval activity were identified using event-related potential (ERP) analysis. The fMRI-constrained ERP analysis explored the temporal dynamics of brain activity in the retrieval success pattern, and the ERP-informed fMRI analysis detected fMRI correlates of the ERP components related to familiarity and recollection processes. The two groups exhibited similar retrieval success patterns in the bilateral posteromedial parietal cortex, the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and the left lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). The fMRI-constrained ERP analysis showed that the aMCI group did not exhibit old/new effects in the IPL and LPFC that were observed in the HC group. In addition, the aMCI group showed disturbed fMRI correlate of ERP recollection component that was associated with inferior EM performance. Therefore, in this study, we identified disturbed temporal dynamics in episodic retrieval activity with a preserved spatial activity pattern in aMCI. Taken together, the simultaneous EEG-fMRI technique demonstrated the potential to identify individuals with a high risk of cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Molly V Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94394, USA
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94394, USA.
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.
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13
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Fanet H, Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Caron V, Tremblay C, Vancassel S, Calon F. Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Recognition Memory in the Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Without Altering Amyloid-β and Tau Pathologies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:709-727. [PMID: 33337360 PMCID: PMC7902975 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, implying that multi-target treatments may be necessary to effectively cure AD. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzymatic cofactor required for the synthesis of monoamines and nitric oxide that also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite its crucial role in the CNS, the potential of BH4 as a treatment in AD has never been scrutinized. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether BH4 peripheral administration improves cognitive symptoms and AD neuropathology in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), a model of age-related tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathologies associated with behavior impairment. METHODS Non-transgenic (NonTg) and 3xTg-AD mice were subjected to a control diet (5% fat - CD) or to a high-fat diet (35% fat - HFD) from 6 to 13 months to exacerbate metabolic disorders. Then, mice received either BH4 (15 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for ten consecutive days. RESULTS This sub-chronic administration of BH4 rescued memory impairment in 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, as determined using the novel object recognition test. Moreover, the HFD-induced glucose intolerance was completely reversed by the BH4 treatment in 3xTg-AD mice. However, the HFD or BH4 treatment had no significant impact on Aβ and tau neuropathologies. CONCLUSION Overall, our data suggest a potential benefit from BH4 administration against AD cognitive and metabolic deficits accentuated by HFD consumption in 3xTg-AD mice, without altering classical neuropathology. Therefore, BH4 should be considered as a candidate for drug repurposing, at least in subtypes of cognitively impaired patients experiencing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortense Fanet
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR, Bordeaux, France
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Pavillon des Services, Québec, Canada
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14
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Roche J, Pasquier F, Kapogiannis D, Gallouj K, Antoine P. The "authentic subjective experience" of memory in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:201-207. [PMID: 33335759 PMCID: PMC7712381 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research has mainly focused on the decline of the subjective experience in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few attempts have been made to evaluate whether subjective experience may be maintained in AD. In this narrative review, we attempt to provide a positive view, according to which patients with AD can enjoy, to some extent, subjective experience during memory retrieval. Memory and expression difficulties (e.g., aphasia) limit the ability of patients with AD to describe their memories, resulting in a little specificity of reported memories. However, according to the “authentic subjective experience” view, we propose in this study that the ability to mentally relive these memories could be preserved in the patients. By proposing the authentic subjective experience view, we attempt to provide an alternative view to the general consideration that the patients suffer a diminished subjective experience. This view can contribute to a larger clinical framework that gives a positive meaning to the subjective experience of patients with AD. Furthermore, several clinical and empirical implications can be drawn from the authentic subjective experience view, including the possibility to evaluate behavioral correlates of the subjective experience in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean Roche
- CHU de Lille, Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de gérontologie, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University Lille Nord de France UDSL and Memory Clinic, CHU, Lille, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Meade ME, Ahmad M, Fernandes MA. Drawing pictures at encoding enhances memory in healthy older adults and in individuals with probable dementia. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2019; 27:880-901. [PMID: 31833456 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1700899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We explored the efficacy of drawing pictures as an encoding strategy to enhance memory performance in healthy older adults and individuals with probable dementia. In an incidental encoding phase, participants were asked to either draw a picture or write out each word from a set of 30 common nouns for 40 seconds each. Episodic memory for the target words was compared in a group of healthy older adults to individuals with probable dementia (MMSE/MOCA range 4 to 25). In two experiments we showed that recall and recognition performance was higher for words that were drawn than written out during encoding, for both participant groups. We suggest that incorporating visuo-perceptual information into memory enhanced performance by increasing reliance on visual-sensory brain regions, which are relatively intact in these populations. Our findings demonstrate that drawing is a valuable technique leading to measurable gains in memory performance for individuals with probable dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Meade
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Canada
| | - Maahum Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Canada
| | - Myra A Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Canada
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16
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Abstract
The picture-superiority effect (PSE) refers to the finding that, all else being equal, pictures are remembered better than words ( Paivio & Csapo, 1973 ). Dual-coding theory (DCT; Paivio, 1991 ) is often used to explain the PSE. According to DCT, pictures are more likely to be encoded imaginally and verbally than words. In contrast, distinctiveness accounts attribute the PSE to pictures' greater distinctiveness compared to words. Some distinctiveness accounts emphasize physical distinctiveness ( Mintzer & Snodgrass, 1999 ) while others emphasize conceptual distinctiveness ( Hamilton & Geraci, 2006 ). We attempt to distinguish among these accounts by testing for an auditory analog of picture superiority. Although this phenomenon, termed the auditory PSE, occurs in free recall ( Crutcher & Beer, 2011 ), we were unable to extend it to recognition across four experiments. We propose a new framework for understanding the PSE, wherein dual coding underpins the free-recall PSE, but conceptual distinctiveness underpins the recognition PSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Ensor
- 1 Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ONT, Canada.,2 Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Tyler D Bancroft
- 1 Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ONT, Canada.,3 St. Thomas University, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - William E Hockley
- 1 Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ONT, Canada
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17
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Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:7401465. [PMID: 29849813 PMCID: PMC5932512 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7401465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to employ the word-picture paradigm to examine the effectiveness of combined pictorial illustrations and sentences as strong contextual cues. The experiment details the performance of word recall in healthy older adults (HOA) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). The researchers enhanced the words' recall with word-picture condition and when the pair was associated with a sentence contextualizing the two items. Method The sample was composed of 18 HOA and 18 people with mild AD. Participants memorized 15 pairs of words under word-word and word-picture conditions, with and without a sentence context. In the paired-associate test, the first item of the pair was read aloud by participants and used to elicit retrieval of the associated item. Results The findings suggest that both HOA and mild-AD pictures improved item recall compared to word condition such as sentences which further enabled item recall. Additionally, the HOA group performs better than the mild-AD group in all conditions. Conclusions Word-picture and sentence context strengthen the encoding in the explicit memory task, both in HOA and mild AD. These results open a potential window to improve the memory for verbalized instructions and restore sequential abilities in everyday life, such as brushing one's teeth, fastening one's pants, or drying one's hands.
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18
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Slachevsky A, Barraza P, Hornberger M, Muñoz-Neira C, Flanagan E, Henríquez F, Bravo E, Farías M, Delgado C. Neuroanatomical Comparison of the “Word” and “Picture” Versions of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 61:589-600. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Slachevsky
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience (LANNEC), Physiopathology Program – ICBM and Neurological Sciences Department and Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN), Neurology Service – Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Alemana –Universidad del Desarollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo Barraza
- Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- DCLL, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Neira
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN), Neurology Service – Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Flanagan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fernando Henríquez
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience (LANNEC), Physiopathology Program – ICBM and Neurological Sciences Department and Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Advanced Research in Education (CIAE), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Bravo
- Department of Neuroradiologic, Institute of Neurosurgery Asenjo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Farías
- Department of Neuroradiologic, Institute of Neurosurgery Asenjo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Delgado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Deason RG, Nadkarni NA, Tat MJ, Flannery S, Frustace B, Ally BA, Budson AE. The use of metacognitive strategies to decrease false memories in source monitoring in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2017; 91:287-296. [PMID: 28245935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) often demonstrate high rates of false memories, leading to stressful and frustrating situations for both patients and caregivers in everyday life. Sometimes these false memories are due to failures in monitoring the source of the information. In the current study, we examined interventions aimed to enhance the use of the metacognitive "recall-to-reject" memory strategy. Such interventions could improve source memory and decrease false memory in patients with MCI. Because the picture superiority effect (better memory for pictures compared to words) has been shown to be present in both patients with MCI and healthy older controls, we investigated whether pictures could help patients with MCI use a recall-to-reject strategy in a simulation of real-world source memory task. In this experiment, patients with MCI and healthy older adults were asked to simulate preparing for and then taking a trip to the market. Subjects first studied 30 pictures of items in their "cupboard," followed by a list of 30 words of items on their "shopping list." At test, participants saw 90 pictures (30 cupboard, 30 list, 30 new) organized as they would be if walking down the market aisles, and are provided with either standard or metacognitive instructions. With standard instructions, they were asked if they needed to buy the item. With the metacognitive instructions, they were asked a series of questions to help guide them through a recall-to-reject strategy to highlight the different sources of memories. Results showed that the metacognitive instructions did significantly reduce the false memory rates for patients with MCI. Further studies need to investigate how to best implement these practical strategies into the everyday lives of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Deason
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
| | - Neil A Nadkarni
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Michelle J Tat
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sean Flannery
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Bruno Frustace
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Brandon A Ally
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Andrew E Budson
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
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20
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Simon J, Bastin C, Salmon E, Willems S. Increasing the salience of fluency cues does not reduce the recognition memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease! J Neuropsychol 2016; 12:216-230. [PMID: 27653236 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is now well established that recollection is impaired from the beginning of the disease, whereas findings are less clear concerning familiarity. One of the most important mechanisms underlying familiarity is the sense of familiarity driven by processing fluency. In this study, we attempted to attenuate recognition memory deficits in AD by maximizing the salience of fluency cues in two conditions of a recognition memory task. In one condition, targets and foils have been created from the same pool of letters (Overlap condition). In a second condition, targets and foils have been derived from two separate pools of letters (No-Overlap condition), promoting the use of letter-driven visual and phonetic fluency. Targets and foils were low-frequency words. The memory tasks were performed by 15 patients with AD and 16 healthy controls. Both groups improved their memory performance in the No-Overlap condition compared to the Overlap condition. Patients with AD were able to use fluency cues during recognition memory as older adults did, but this did not allow to compensate for dysfunction of recognition memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Simon
- GIGA - CRC In vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA - CRC In vivo Imaging, University of Liege, Belgium.,Memory Clinics, Hospital Center of Liege, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Willems
- Psychological and Speech Therapy Consultation Center, CPLU, University of Liege, Belgium
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21
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Deason RG, Hussey EP, Flannery S, Ally BA. Preserved conceptual implicit memory for pictures in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Cogn 2016; 99:112-7. [PMID: 26291521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined different aspects of conceptual implicit memory in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, we were interested in whether priming of distinctive conceptual features versus general semantic information related to pictures and words would differ for the mild AD patients and healthy older adults. In this study, 14 healthy older adults and 15 patients with mild AD studied both pictures and words followed by an implicit test section, where they were asked about distinctive conceptual or general semantic information related to the items they had previously studied (or novel items). Healthy older adults and patients with mild AD showed both conceptual priming and the picture superiority effect, but the AD patients only showed these effects for the questions focused on the distinctive conceptual information. We found that patients with mild AD showed intact conceptual picture priming in a task that required generating a response (answer) from a cue (question) for cues that focused on distinctive conceptual information. This experiment has helped improve our understanding of both the picture superiority effect and conceptual implicit memory in patients with mild AD in that these findings support the notion that conceptual implicit memory might potentially help to drive familiarity-based recognition in the face of impaired recollection in patients with mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Deason
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Erin P Hussey
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sean Flannery
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States; Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brandon A Ally
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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22
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Delgado C, Muñoz-Neira C, Soto A, Martínez M, Henríquez F, Flores P, Slachevsky A. Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of the “Word” and “Picture” Versions of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in a Spanish-Speaking Cohort of Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Healthy Controls. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:165-75. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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23
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The development of the MIBBO: A measure of resident preferences for physical activity in long term care settings. Geriatr Nurs 2015; 36:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Galeano P, Martino Adami PV, Do Carmo S, Blanco E, Rotondaro C, Capani F, Castaño EM, Cuello AC, Morelli L. Longitudinal analysis of the behavioral phenotype in a novel transgenic rat model of early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:321. [PMID: 25278855 PMCID: PMC4165352 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid β (iAβ) has been linked to mild cognitive impairment that may precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. This neuropathological trait was recently mimicked in a novel animal model of AD, the hemizygous transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP (Tg+/−) rat. The characterization of the behavioral phenotypes in this animal model could provide a baseline of efficacy for earlier therapeutic interventions. The aim of the present study was to undertake a longitudinal study of Aβ accumulation and a comprehensive behavioral evaluation of this transgenic rat model. We assessed exploratory activity, anxiety-related behaviors, recognition memory, working memory, spatial learning and reference memory at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. In parallel, we measured Aβ by ELISA, Western blots and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry in hippocampal samples. SDS-soluble Aβ peptide accumulated at low levels (~9 pg/mg) without differences among ages. However, Western blots showed SDS-resistant Aβ oligomers (~30 kDa) at 6 and 12 months, but not at 3 months. When compared to wild-type (WT), male Tg+/− rats exhibited a spatial reference memory deficit in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) as early as 3 months of age, which persisted at 6 and 12 months. In addition, Tg+/− rats displayed a working memory impairment in the Y-maze and higher anxiety levels in the Open Field (OF) at 6 and 12 months of age, but not at 3 months. Exploratory activity in the OF was similar to that of WT at all-time points. Spatial learning in the MWM and the recognition memory, as assessed by the Novel Object Recognition Test, were unimpaired at any time point. The data from the present study demonstrate that the hemizygous transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat has a wide array of behavioral and cognitive impairments from young adulthood to middle-age. The low Aβ burden and early emotional and cognitive deficits in this transgenic rat model supports its potential use for drug discovery purposes in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galeano
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicologia, Facultatd'Educació, Psicologia i Treball Social, Universitat de Lleida Lleida, Spain
| | - Cecilia Rotondaro
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Castaño
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bastin C, Bahri MA, Miévis F, Lemaire C, Collette F, Genon S, Simon J, Guillaume B, Diana RA, Yonelinas AP, Salmon E. Associative memory and its cerebral correlates in Alzheimer׳s disease: evidence for distinct deficits of relational and conjunctive memory. Neuropsychologia 2014; 63:99-106. [PMID: 25172390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) on conjunctive and relational binding in episodic memory. Mild AD patients and controls had to remember item-color associations by imagining color either as a contextual association (relational memory) or as a feature of the item to be encoded (conjunctive memory). Patients׳ performance in each condition was correlated with cerebral metabolism measured by FDG-PET. The results showed that AD patients had an impaired capacity to remember item-color associations, with deficits in both relational and conjunctive memory. However, performance in the two kinds of associative memory varied independently across patients. Partial Least Square analyses revealed that poor conjunctive memory was related to hypometabolism in an anterior temporal-posterior fusiform brain network, whereas relational memory correlated with metabolism in regions of the default mode network. These findings support the hypothesis of distinct neural systems specialized in different types of associative memory and point to heterogeneous profiles of memory alteration in Alzheimer׳s disease as a function of damage to the respective neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bastin
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Miévis
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sarah Genon
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jessica Simon
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Rachel A Diana
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew P Yonelinas
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric Salmon
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B30, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Ecological assessment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Bolló-Gasol S, Piñol-Ripoll G, Cejudo-Bolivar JC, Llorente-Vizcaino A, Peraita-Adrados H. Ecological assessment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. Neurologia 2013; 29:339-45. [PMID: 24139389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) is a short, ecologically-valid memory test battery that can provide data about a subject's memory function in daily life. We used RBMT to examine daily memory function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease (AD), and in healthy controls. We also evaluated differences between the memory profiles of subjects whose MCI remained stable after 1 year and those with conversion to AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sample of 91 subjects older than 60 years: 30 controls, 27 MCI subjects and 34 AD patients. Subjects were assessed using MMSE and RBMT. RESULTS The 40 men and 51 women in the sample had a mean age of 74.29±6.71 and 5.87±2.93 years of education. For the total profile and screening RBMT scores (P<.001) and total MMSE scores (P<.05), control subjects scored significantly higher than those with MCI, who in turn scored higher than AD patients. In all subtests, the control group (P<.001) and MCI group (P<.05) were distinguishable from the AD group. Prospective, retrospective, and orientation subtests found differences between the MCI and control groups (P<.05). MCI subjects who progressed to AD scored lower at baseline on the total RBMT and MMSE, and on name recall, belongings, story-immediate recall, route-delayed recall, orientation (P<.05), face recognition, story-delayed recall, and messages-delayed recall sections (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS RBMT is an ecologically-valid episodic memory test that can be used to differentiate between controls, MCI subjects, and AD subjects. It can also be used to detect patients with MCI who will experience progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bolló-Gasol
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Santa María, Lleida, España
| | - G Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Santa María, Lleida, España.
| | | | - A Llorente-Vizcaino
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Benito Menni, Sant Boi Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - H Peraita-Adrados
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, España
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Migo EM, Westerberg CE. Response to Algarabel et al., 2012 "Recognition memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment". Reconsidering claims of familiarity disruptions in mild cognitive impairment. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2013; 21:432-436. [PMID: 23984861 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2013.831806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is some debate over the relative impairment of recollection and familiarity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A recent publication by Algarabel et al. (2012, Recognition memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment, Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 19, 608-619) claims to undermine previous studies reporting preserved familiarity in patients with MCI. Here, we respond to their main criticisms, concluding that they are not sufficiently supported by the data presented. The role of recollection and familiarity in MCI remains unresolved and further work will be required to disentangle the mixed literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Migo
- a Department of Psychological Medicine , King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry , London , UK
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Ally BA, Hussey EP, Ko PC, Molitor RJ. Pattern separation and pattern completion in Alzheimer's disease: evidence of rapid forgetting in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Hippocampus 2013; 23:1246-58. [PMID: 23804525 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, the characterization of memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively debated. Recent iterations have focused on disordered encoding versus rapid forgetting. To address this issue, we used a behavioral pattern separation task to assess the ability of the hippocampus to create and maintain distinct and orthogonalized visual memory representations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild AD. We specifically used a lag-based continuous recognition paradigm to determine whether patients with aMCI and mild AD fail to encode visual memory representations or whether these patients properly encode representations that are rapidly forgotten. Consistent with the rapid forgetting hypothesis of AD, we found that patients with aMCI demonstrated decreasing pattern separation rates as the lag of interfering objects increased. In contrast, patients with AD demonstrated consistently poor pattern separation rates across three increasingly longer lags. We propose a continuum that reflects underlying hippocampal neuropathology whereby patients with aMCI are able to properly encode information into memory but rapidly lose these memory representations, and patients with AD, who have extensive hippocampal and parahippocampal damage, cannot properly encode information in distinct, orthogonal representations. Our results also revealed that whereas patients with aMCI demonstrated similar behavioral pattern completion rates to healthy older adults, patients with AD showed lower pattern completion rates when we corrected for response bias. Finally, these behavioral pattern separation and pattern completion results are discussed in terms of the dual process model of recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Ally
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Lucas HD, Paller KA. Manipulating letter fluency for words alters electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory. Neuroimage 2013; 83:849-61. [PMID: 23871869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that give rise to familiarity memory have received intense research interest. One current topic of debate concerns the extent to which familiarity is driven by the same fluency sources that give rise to certain implicit memory phenomena. Familiarity may be tied to conceptual fluency, given that familiarity and conceptual implicit memory can exhibit similar neurocognitive properties. However, familiarity can also be driven by perceptual factors, and its neural basis under these circumstances has received less attention. Here we recorded brain potentials during recognition testing using a procedure that has previously been shown to encourage a reliance on letter information when assessing familiarity for words. Studied and unstudied words were derived either from two separate letter pools or a single letter pool ("letter-segregated" and "normal" conditions, respectively) in a within-subjects contrast. As predicted, recognition accuracy was higher in the letter-segregated relative to the normal condition. Electrophysiological analyses revealed parietal old-new effects from 500-700 ms in both conditions. In addition, a topographically dissociable occipital old-new effect from 300-700 ms was present in the letter-segregated condition only. In a second experiment, we found that similar occipital brain potentials were associated with confident false recognition of words that shared letters with studied words but were not themselves studied. These findings indicate that familiarity is a multiply determined phenomenon, and that the stimulus dimensions on which familiarity is based can moderate its neural correlates. Conceptual and perceptual contributions to familiarity vary across testing circumstances, and both must be accounted for in theories of recognition memory and its neural basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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