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He Y, Li R, Yu Y, Huang C, Xu Z, Wang T, Chen M, Huang H, Qi Z. Human neural stem cells promote mitochondrial genesis to alleviate neuronal damage in MPTP-induced cynomolgus monkey models. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105700. [PMID: 38417589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), and the regenerative treatment of neural stem cells (NSCs) is considered the most promising method. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of NSCs on neurons in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model of PD. We first found that injecting NSCs into the subarachnoid space relieved motor dysfunction in PD cynomolgus monkeys, as well as reduced dopaminergic neuron loss and neuronal damage in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. Besides, NSCs decreased 17-estradiol (E2) level, an estrogen, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD cynomolgus monkeys, which shows NSCs may provide neuro-protection by controlling estrogen levels in the CSF. Furthermore, NSCs elevated proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1a), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression, three genes mediating mitochondrial biogenesis, in the SN and striatum of PD monkeys. In addition, NSCs suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by MPTP, as well as mitochondrial autophagy, therefore preserving dopaminergic neurons. In summary, our findings show that NSCs may preserve dopaminergic and neuronal cells in an MPTP-induced PD cynomolgus monkey model. These protective benefits might be attributed to NSCs' ability of modulating estrogen balance, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and limiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial autophagy. These findings add to our understanding of the mechanism of NSC treatment and shed light on further clinical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545007, China
| | - Ruicheng Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yuxi Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Chusheng Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhiran Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Tianbao Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian Campus), Quanzhou, Fujian, 362200, China
| | - Hongri Huang
- Guangxi Taimei Rensheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Gan ZY, Callegari S, Nguyen TN, Kirk NS, Leis A, Lazarou M, Dewson G, Komander D. Interaction of PINK1 with nucleotides and kinetin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7408. [PMID: 38241364 PMCID: PMC10798554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 accumulates on damaged mitochondria to trigger mitophagy, and PINK1 loss-of-function mutations cause early onset Parkinson's disease. Nucleotide analogs such as kinetin triphosphate (KTP) were reported to enhance PINK1 activity and may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigate the interaction of PINK1 with nucleotides, including KTP. We establish a cryo-EM platform exploiting the dodecamer assembly of Pediculus humanus corporis (Ph) PINK1 and determine PINK1 structures bound to AMP-PNP and ADP, revealing conformational changes in the kinase N-lobe that help establish PINK1's ubiquitin binding site. Notably, we find that KTP is unable to bind PhPINK1 or human (Hs) PINK1 due to a steric clash with the kinase "gatekeeper" methionine residue, and mutation to Ala or Gly is required for PINK1 to bind and use KTP as a phosphate donor in ubiquitin phosphorylation and mitophagy. HsPINK1 M318G can be used to conditionally uncouple PINK1 stabilization and activity on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yan Gan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thanh N. Nguyen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas S. Kirk
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Komander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ciocca M, Pizzamiglio C. Clinical Benefits of Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease Patients. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:554-561. [PMID: 37005519 PMCID: PMC11071650 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, and several treatments targeting mitochondria have been tested in these patients to delay disease progression and tackle disease symptoms. Herein, we review available data from randomised, double-blind clinical studies that have investigated the role of compounds targeting mitochondria in idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients, with a view of providing patients and clinicians with a comprehensive and practical paper that can inform therapeutic interventions in this group of people. A total of 9 compounds have been tested in randomized clinical trials, but only exenatide has shown some promising neuroprotective and symptomatic effects. However, whether this evidence can be translated into daily clinical practice still needs to be confirmed. In conclusion, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is a promising therapeutic approach, although only one compound has shown a positive effect on Parkinson's disease progression and symptoms. New compounds have been investigated in animal models, and their efficacy needs to be confirmed in humans through robust, randomised, double-blind clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciocca
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Pizzamiglio
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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