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Bandolin L, Borsetto D, Fussey J, Da Mosto MC, Nicolai P, Menegaldo A, Calabrese L, Tommasino M, Boscolo-Rizzo P. Beta human papillomaviruses infection and skin carcinogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2104. [PMID: 32232924 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the worldwide incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) has increased significantly. They are now the most common malignancy, representing approximately 30% of all cancers. The role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a major environmental risk factor for skin cancers is well recognized. The aim of this review is to analyse the current understanding of the nature of beta-human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with KC and explore the implications for the management and prevention of these cancers. A comprehensive review of the literature on beta-HPV and its association with KC was undertaken, the results reported in the form of a narrative review. A subgroup of HPV that infects the mucosal epithelia of the genital tract has been firmly associated with carcinogenesis. In addition, some HPV types with cutaneous tropism have been proposed to cooperate with UV in the development of KC. The first evidence for this association was reported in 1922 in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Since then, epidemiological studies have highlighted the higher risk of skin cancer in patients with EV and certain cutaneous HPV types, and in vitro studies have elucidated molecular mechanisms and transforming properties of beta-HPV. Furthermore, in vivo research conducted on transgenic mice models has shown the possible role of beta-HPV in cutaneous carcinogenesis as a co-factor with UV radiation and immunosuppression. There is good evidence supporting the role of beta-HPV in the oncogenesis of KC. The high prevalence of beta-HPV in human skin and the worldwide burden of KC makes the search for an effective vaccine relevant and worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Bandolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Fussey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Piero Nicolai
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Head and Neck Department, Ospedale di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Linedale R, Schmidt C, King BT, Ganko AG, Simpson F, Panizza BJ, Leggatt GR. Elevated frequencies of CD8 T cells expressing PD-1, CTLA-4 and Tim-3 within tumour from perineural squamous cell carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175755. [PMID: 28423034 PMCID: PMC5396892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural spread of tumour cells along cranial nerves is a severe complication of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. While surgical excision of the tumour is the treatment of choice, removal of all the tumour is often complicated by the neural location and recurrence is frequent. Non-invasive immune treatments such as checkpoint inhibitor blockade may be useful in this set of tumours although little is understood about the immune response to perineural spread of squamous cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry studies suggest that perineural tumour contains a lymphocyte infiltrate but it is difficult to quantitate the different proportions of immune cell subsets and expression of checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, Tim-3 and CTLA-4. Using flow cytometry of excised perineural tumour tissue, we show that a T cell infiltrate is prominent in addition to less frequent B cell, NK cell and NKT cell infiltrates. CD8 T cells are more frequent than other T cells in the tumour tissue. Amongst CD8 T cells, the frequency of Tim-3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 expressing cells was significantly greater in the tumour relative to the blood, a pattern that was repeated for Tim-3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 amongst non-CD8 T cells. Using immunohistochemistry, PD-1 and PD-L1-expression could be detected in close proximity amongst perineural tumour tissue. The data suggest that perineural SCC contains a mixture of immune cells with a predominant T cell infiltrate containing CD8 T cells. Elevated frequencies of tumour-associated Tim-3+, CTLA-4+ and PD-1+ CD8 T cells suggests that a subset of patients may benefit from local antibody blockade of these checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Linedale
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Campbell Schmidt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brigid T King
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annabelle G Ganko
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benedict J Panizza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Volgin VN, Sokolova TV, Kolbina MS, Sokolovskaya AA. Basalioma: epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture (part 1). VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2013. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present literature data related to the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of basalioma. The key classifications are given. As many as 62 references are reviewed.
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Culleton S, Breen D, Assaad D, Zhang L, Balogh J, Tsao M, Kamra J, Czarnota G, Antonyshyn O, Fialkov J, Barnes E. 5-Year Review of a Unique Multidisciplinary Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Clinic. J Cutan Med Surg 2011; 15:220-6. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2011.10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: A multidisciplinary nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) clinic is held weekly at our center, where all new patients are jointly assessed by dermatology/dermatopathology, radiation oncology, and plastic surgery. A new patient database was established in 2004. The purpose of this study was to provide a preliminary report on the patients seen in the NMSC clinic and the treatment recommendations rendered. Methods: The new patient database was reviewed from January 2004 to December 2008, and patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment recommendations were extracted. Cochran-Mantel-Harnszel (CMH) testing and chi-square analysis were used to detect any associations or relationships between variables within the database. A p value of less than .05 was considered significant. Results: During the 5-year study period, 2,146 new patients were seen in the NMSC clinic. The majority of patients presented with basal cell carcinoma (64%) or squamous cell carcinoma (22%), with a median tumor size of 1 to 2 cm (range 0 to #x003E; 9 cm). Tumors were located in the head and neck region (80%), extremities (14%), and torso (6%). Previous treatment included biopsy only (62%), surgery (20%), electrodesiccation and curettage (11%), topical imiquimod (3%), and radiotherapy (1%). Treatment recommendations included surgery (55%) (with either simple excision [31%] or excision with margin control under frozen-section guidance [24%]), radiotherapy (19%), topical imiquimod (10%), observation (7%), and electrodesiccation and curettage (4%). Conclusions: The NMSC clinic at our center sees a high volume of patients who benefit from the multidisciplinary assessment provided. Treatment recommendations were based on patient and disease characteristics as well as patient preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaelyn Culleton
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Dale Breen
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Dalal Assaad
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Liying Zhang
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Judith Balogh
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - May Tsao
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Juhu Kamra
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Greg Czarnota
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Oleh Antonyshyn
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Jeffery Fialkov
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Elizabeth Barnes
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; and Department of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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